Tratamiento de datos de medida

Captación y validación de datos

- ejemplo sonda micrométrica -

CRITERIO DE RECHAZO
Validación de datos de Chauvenet

ഥ >ࡾ·࢙
࢞࢏ െ ࢞
en la que:

࢞࢏ = Valores medidos
ഥ = Valor medio de los valores medidos
࢞
s = Cuasi-Desviación típica de los valores medidos
R = R(n) = Factor de cálculo que depende del número de medidas y
que se incluye en la Tabla 1.

El Criterio de Chauvenet solo es riguroso si a lo sumo produce 1 rechazo.

Si condujese a 2 o más rechazos debe aplicarse un criterio apropiado.
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 CRITERIO DE RECHAZO
de Chauvenet – Tabla 1
n R n R n R n R
2 1.15035 26 2.34103 51 2.58267 76 2.71744
3 1.38299 27 2.35508 52 2.58936 77 2.72176
4 1.53412 28 2.36857 53 2.59591 78 2.72602
5 1.64485 29 2.38152 53 2.59591 79 2.73022
6 1.73166 30 2.39398 54 2.60233 80 2.73437
7 1.80274 31 2.40598 55 2.60862 81 2.73846
8 1.86273 32 2.41756 57 2.62082 82 2.74249
9 1.91451 33 2.42874 58 2.62674 83 2.74647
10 1.95996 34 2.43954 59 2.63255 84 2.75039
11 2.00042 35 2.45000 60 2.63826 85 2.75427
12 2.03683 36 2.46012 61 2.64386 86 2.75809
13 2.06990 37 2.46994 62 2.64936 87 2.76187
14 2.10017 38 2.47947 63 2.65476 88 2.76560
15 2.12805 39 2.48872 64 2.66007 89 2.76928
16 2.15387 40 2.49771 65 2.66529 90 2.77292
17 2.17792 41 2.50645 66 2.67041 91 2.77652
18 2.20041 42 2.51495 67 2.67546 92 2.78007
19 2.22152 43 2.52324 68 2.68042 93 2.78357
20 2.24140 44 2.53131 69 2.68530 94 2.78704
21 2.26019 45 2.53918 70 2.69011 95 2.79047
22 2.27799 46 2.54686 71 2.69484 96 2.79386
23 2.29490 47 2.55436 72 2.69950 97 2.79721
24 2.31099 48 2.56168 73 2.70408 98 2.80052
25 2.32635 49 2.56884 74 2.70860 99 2.80379
50 2.57583 75 2.71305 100 2.80703
2

EJEMPLO
Validación de Datos de Calibración:
SONDA MICROMETRICA
DATOS DE PARTIDA
Sonda micrométrica con puente de apoyo regulable.
Campo de medida: 0 - 50mm
División de escala: 0.001mm
Solo se consideran las contribuciones debidas a:
• Patrón de calibración
• repetibilidad

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 PUNTO DE CALIBRACIÓN SELECCIONADO: 25mm

PATRÓN:
BPL calidad 2
X0 r U0 (k=2.5) = 25.000 0 r 0.000 6 mm

Valores obtenidos (mm) por repetición de indicaciones

sobre el patrón:
25,003 24,998 25,006
25,004 25,004 25,005
25,004 25,003 25,005
25,005 25,005 25,004
25,003 25,003 25,005

Aplicación del criterio de rechazo

• PRIMERA • SEGUNDA (*)

nc=15 nc=14
R=2.128 04 R=2.100 16
xc=25.003 8 mm xc=25.004 2 mm
sc=0.001 9 mm sc=0.001 0 mm
xci<24.999 8 (6ª) xci<25.002 1 (ninguna)
xci>25.007 8 xci>25.006 3 (ninguna)
(ninguna) Se aceptan los datos.

(*) En rigor: no debe aplicarse el Criterio de Chauvenet iterativamente, siendo aceptable un único rechazo.

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 Evaluación de la incertidumbre de calibración

u0 = 0.000 6 / 2.5 = 0.000 24 mm

xc = 25.004 2 mm
sc = 0.001 0 mm
'xc= -0.0042mm
uc2 = 0.000 242 + 0.00102 / 14 = 1.29·10-7 mm2
uc = 0.000 36 mm
Uc = 0.000 9mm (k = 2.5)

outliers detection from data sets

Peirce's criterion
Peirce's Criterion. If you need rigor, generality, and the ability to reject more than one
data point, then use Peirce's criterion (as simplified by Gould and presented by Stephen M.
Ross, J. of Engineering Technology, Fall 2003, pp. 38-41):
1) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the distribution (ܵ) of the complete
data set of ݊ observations.
2) Obtain ܴ, the ratio of the maximum allowable deviation to ܵ, from the Peirce table
below corresponding to the number of observations. Start by assuming one doubtful
observation, even when there may be more than one.
3) Calculate the maximum allowable deviation (ܴ · ܵ).
4) Calculate the deviations of suspected observations.
5) Discard suspected points if the deviation(s) is(are) greater than ܴ · ܵ.
6) If one point is rejected in step 5, assume the case of two doubtful observations
(using the mean and S of the original data set) and go to step (8).
7) If more than one point is rejected in step 5, assume the next highest value of doubtful
observations. For example, if two are rejected, assume three doubtful observations
(using the mean and ܵ of the original data set).
8) Repeat steps (2) through (5) sequentially increasing the number of doubtful
measurements possibilities until no more data points need to be eliminated.
9) Finally, obtain the new value of the mean and ܵ with the reduced data set. 7
 Table of Peirce's criterion R values
(ratio of the maximum allowable deviation to sample standard deviation)
number of observations vs Number of Doubtful Observations

n 1 2 3 4 5
3 1.196
4 1.383 1.078
5 1.509 1.200
6 1.610 1.299 1.099
7 1.693 1.382 1.187 1.022
8 1.763 1.453 1.261 1.109
9 1.824 1.515 1.324 1.178 1.045
10 1.878 1.570 1.380 1.237 1.114
11 1.925 1.619 1.430 1.289 1.172
12 1.969 1.663 1.475 1.336 1.221
13 2.007 1.704 1.516 1.379 1.266
14 2.043 1.741 1.554 1.417 1.307
15 2.076 1.775 1.589 1.453 1.344
16 2.106 1.807 1.622 1.486 1.378
17 2.134 1.836 1.652 1.517 1.409
18 2.161 1.864 1.680 1.546 1.438
19 2.185 1.890 1.707 1.573 1.466
20 2.209 1.914 1.732 1.599 1.492
continues
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continuation

n 1 2 3 4 5
21 2.230 1.938 1.756 1.623 1.517
22 2.251 1.960 1.779 1.646 1.540
23 2.271 1.981 1.800 1.668 1.563
24 2.290 2.000 1.821 1.689 1.584
25 2.307 2.019 1.840 1.709 1.604
26 2.324 2.037 1.859 1.728 1.624
27 2.341 2.055 1.877 1.746 1.642
28 2.356 2.071 1.894 1.764 1.660
29 2.371 2.088 1.911 1.781 1.677
30 2.385 2.103 1.927 1.797 1.694
40 2.504 2.230 2.059 1.932 1.832
50 2.592 2.326 2.158 2.035 1.936
60 2.663 2.401 2.237 2.116 2.019

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 Peirce's Criterion Example (from Ross)
10 pressure measurements (݇ܲܽ) were recorded of:
101.2 ; 90.0 ; 99.0 ; 107.0 ; 103.0 ; 100.2 ; 89.0 ; 98.1 ; 101.5 ; 102.0
݉݁ܽ݊ = 98.60 ; ‫ = ݊݋݅ݐܽ݅ݒ݁݀ ݀ݎܽ݀݊ܽݐݏ‬5.02 ; and ݀݁‫ݏ݊݋݅ݐܽ݅ݒ‬
2.60 ; 8.60 ; 0.40 ; 7.90 ; 4.40 ; 1.60 ; 9.60 ; 0.50 ; 2.90 ; 3.40
The value of ܴ from the Table below, (݊ = 10) and ૚ doubtful, is 1.878
them maximum allowable deviation is 5.02 · (1.878) = 9.43
The values of 89.0 and 90.0 are suspect, their deviations are:
|89.0 െ 98.6| = 9.6 ; |90.0 െ 98.6| = 8.6
The former is greater than the maximum allowable deviation (9.43) while the latter is
not. Since one point can be rejected, them process is repeated assuming ૛ doubtfuls
observations.
Looking up a new value of ܴ from the table for ݊ = 10 and ૛ doubtfuls 5.02 · 1.570 =
7.88. The deviation of the second most outlier point is 8.6 which is greater than 7.88
and so it is rejected. Now a 3 doubtfuls is considered. The ܴ value for ܰ = 10 and 3
doubtfuls is 1.380 corresponding to a maximum allowable deviation of 5.02 · 1.380 =
6.93 None of the remaining points has a deviation greater than 6.93, so no others
should be rejected. Without the two rejected points, the new mean is 100.9 and new
standard deviation of the distribution is 1.66
Note that none of these points would be rejected by Chauvenet's criterion.
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