International Journal of Surgery Publish Ahead of Print

DOI:10.1097/JS9.0000000000000412
dmn4d5HSRF1DiLYrUhZHT944268ItN9PitE/x5s3NBcOn4ikLYQrBdvS8AULjBBA2vEBAdrKVaXU6BzTktg+BzyFVuBVi9P7rHZO

Challenges of nanomaterials-based cancer therapy: a future destination

Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery by /9E+OiDNIuMXODo4Z067e0/s

Mohamed Sharaf 1, Ali Alnazza Alhamad2*, Olfa Ouled Ltaief 3, Ilham Ben Amor4,5
1Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, 11651 Cairo,
lvDVrPHTx5T0g3P30M/8D3KVfRqYSsuhZFI4TyfevHEQRgM= on 04/22/2023

Egypt

D
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Syria

Safx, Safx,Tunisia.
TE
3Water,Energy and Environment Laboratory,National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of

4Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El

EP
Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria

5Renewable Energy Development unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued

39000, Algeria
C

Keywords: nanomaterials , cancer, drugs.

AC

Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND),
where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in
any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
 The finest technique for dealing with cancer detection and therapy is nanotechnology.
Additionally, theragnosis has emerged as a cutting-edge strategy for the effective and
treatment of malignancies and safe diagnosis. It has several advantages, including enhanced
dmn4d5HSRF1DiLYrUhZHT944268ItN9PitE/x5s3NBcOn4ikLYQrBdvS8AULjBBA2vEBAdrKVaXU6BzTktg+BzyFVuBVi9P7rHZO

detection, targeted drug delivery to tumour cells, and decreased danger to healthy tissues.
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery by /9E+OiDNIuMXODo4Z067e0/s

These diagnostic methods integrate imaging diagnostic technology with the delivery of
targeted medications. Moreover, by using specialised probes, imaging approaches can
lvDVrPHTx5T0g3P30M/8D3KVfRqYSsuhZFI4TyfevHEQRgM= on 04/22/2023

evaluate the effectiveness of throughout the process of developing new drugs, of medications,
maximising the choice of agents and imaging tools as well as selecting the best combination

D
for different therapeutic applications [1].
The main problem with cancer diagnosis with nanotechnology is reliability. Nanotechnology-

TE
based systems must produce consistent results in order to be used in diagnostic facilities.
Many factors, for example aggregation and non-specific NP probe binding, and inappropriate
detection, might affect NP-based detection signals. In clinical trial applications, assay
reliability and reproducibility must be taken into account and carefully assessed with large
clinical sample pools. In this way, consistent effort is required to get over these obstacles[2].
EP
The cost-effective mass manufacture of exceptionally sensitive, repeatable, and nanoprobes
with robust long-term storage is the second obstacle. Yet, the overwhelming of contemporary
nanoprobes are produced in laboratories under well controlled settings, mass producing these
probes is still rather difficult. The composition shape, size, surface coating, and charge of
C

nanoprobes all have an impact on the detection efficiency. To lessen batch-to-batch

differences, the synthesis processes and nanoprobe functionalization must be streamlined.
Nanoprobes also have a propensity to group together when stored.
AC

The development of extremely sensitive, ease of use, and cost-effective NP-based products is
the last challenge. Despite the fact that many NP-based tests were created in academic
laboratories, many of them are not appropriate for use in clinical settings. The practical
application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnostics will be greatly streamlined with the
successful creation of point-of-care technologies based on nanoparticles.
The fourth issue is the possibility for systemic delivery-induced nanoparticle toxicity. This
issue primarily focuses on in-vivo NP-based imaging. It's crucial to evaluate any potential
toxicities of innovative nanoparticle probes before employing them for in-vivo imaging.
Shape, charge, size, targeted ligands ,surface chemistry, and composition all affect a
nanoparticle's toxicity.Nanoparticle characteristics such as biodistribution, biodegradability,
and pharmacokinetics should also be considered.Cancer biomarkers can be utilised to detect
the disease early. The use of biomarkers has, however, been impeded by a number of
 challenges, including as low biomarker concentrations in bodily fluids, variability in
biomarker abundance and timing among individuals, and the challenge of conducting future
research [3].
dmn4d5HSRF1DiLYrUhZHT944268ItN9PitE/x5s3NBcOn4ikLYQrBdvS8AULjBBA2vEBAdrKVaXU6BzTktg+BzyFVuBVi9P7rHZO

in recent decades, several initiatives have been made to develop cancer detection and
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery by /9E+OiDNIuMXODo4Z067e0/s

treatment methods based on nanotechnology. As compared to currently available cancer

diagnostics in clinical settings, several NP-based tests either offered completely novel
lvDVrPHTx5T0g3P30M/8D3KVfRqYSsuhZFI4TyfevHEQRgM= on 04/22/2023

capabilities that could not be attained with conventional techniques or enhanced selectivity
and sensitivity. Because of its high specificity ,multiplexing measuring capabilities, and

D
sensitivity, nanotechnology holds out a great deal of potential for improving cancer diagnosis
and treatment and raising the survival rate of cancer patients. The ability to use diagnosis and

TE
on the same platform for treatment is one of the main advantages[4, 5]. In general, nano-
oncology has opened up a wide range of possibilities for the creation of novel cancer
treatment drugs and drug delivery systems. Despite the amazing advantages of using
nanotechnology to cure cancer, the technology has drawbacks. These consist of possible
toxicity, resource use, instability, and applicability. It is thus necessary to continue working
EP
to lift these limitations so that the platform may be utilised for making medical decisions.
Drugs based on nanomaterials may have positive impacts on cancer patients.
C
AC
 References
[1] M. Dessale, G. Mengistu, and H. M. Mengist, "Nanotechnology: A promising
approach for cancer diagnosis, therapeutics and theragnosis," International Journal of
dmn4d5HSRF1DiLYrUhZHT944268ItN9PitE/x5s3NBcOn4ikLYQrBdvS8AULjBBA2vEBAdrKVaXU6BzTktg+BzyFVuBVi9P7rHZO

Nanomedicine, pp. 3735-3749, 2022.

[2] Y. Zhang, M. Li, X. Gao, Y. Chen, and T. Liu, "Nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis:
progress, challenges and opportunities," Journal of hematology & oncology, vol. 12,
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery by /9E+OiDNIuMXODo4Z067e0/s

pp. 1-13, 2019.

[3] L. Hull, D. Farrell, and P. Grodzinski, "Highlights of recent developments and trends
in cancer nanotechnology research—View from NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in
lvDVrPHTx5T0g3P30M/8D3KVfRqYSsuhZFI4TyfevHEQRgM= on 04/22/2023

Cancer," Biotechnology advances, vol. 32, pp. 666-678, 2014.

[4] L. Syedmoradi, M. Daneshpour, M. Alvandipour, F. A. Gomez, H. Hajghassem, and

D
K. Omidfar, "Point of care testing: The impact of nanotechnology," Biosensors and
Bioelectronics, vol. 87, pp. 373-387, 2017.
[5] A. A. Alhamad, S. Zeghoud, I. B. Amor, A. Zaater, A. B. Amor, A. Aouadif, et al.,
"AA short review of Nanomaterials: Synthesis methods, properties, and applications,"

TE
Algerian Journal of Chemical Engineering AJCE, vol. 1, pp. 01-07, 2023.
EP
C
AC