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The human body is designed to experience stress and react to it. Stress can be

positive ("eustress") -- such as a getting a job promotion or being given greater

responsibilities -- keeping us alert and ready to avoid danger. Stress becomes

negative ("distress") when a person faces continuous challenges without relief or

Underlined: relaxation between challenges. As a result, the person becomes overworked and
Objective
Annotation stress-related tension builds. Distress can lead to physical symptoms including

headaches, upset stomach, elevated blood pressure, chest pain, and problems
Boldface:
Evaluative sleeping. Research suggests that stress also can bring on or worsen certain
Annotation
symptoms or diseases. Stress also becomes harmful when people use alcohol,

tobacco, or drugs to try to relieve their stress. WebMD (2021), discusses the

different types of stress in this article such as the eustress and distress. This helps

the study by adding information that helps readers and researcher better

understand the difference of the two and the focus of the study—which is the

distress. The strength of this source is that it also provides specific symptoms that

can be experienced once a person is stressed and provides stress management

tips to handle the said problem.

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SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus of —30 kb genome size, which

belongs to the genus Coronavirus and family Coronaviridae. The genome of SARS-

CoV-2 is similar to other coronaviruses that comprise of ten open reading frames

(ORFs). The first ORFs (ORF1a/b), about two-thirds of viral RNA, are translated

Underlined: into two large polyproteins pp 1 a and pp 1 ab, which processed into non-structural
Objective
Annotation proteins (nspl-nsp 16) (Chan et al. 2020b). The size of each SARS-CoV-2 virion is

about 70-90 nm (Kim et al. 2020). Suspected patients get diagnosed for SARS-
Boldface:
Evaluative CoV-2 infection by collecting various specimens, including nasopharyngeal or
Annotation
oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal aspirates or washes,

bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, tracheal aspi-rates, and blood. This book written

by Saxena (2020), presents the definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and

prevention, and the therapeutic developments that have emerged from the

Coronavirus phenomenon. Its advantage is that it compiles different sources and

articles to support its claims—to support the facts which are being stated in the

book. These information is beneficial to the study as it provides a definition and

better understanding on one of the variables of the study which is COVID patients.

How the virus enters and affects their bodies is discussed in this book.
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A prolonged sense of sadness and loss of interest are symptoms of depression, a

mood illness. Clinical depression, also known as major depressive disorder, affects

how you feel, think, and behave and can cause a number of emotional and physical

issues. You can find it difficult to carry out your regular daily tasks, and you might
Underlined:
Objective occasionally think life isn't worth living. Although depression may occur only once
Annotation
during your life, people typically have multiple episodes. During these episodes,

Boldface: symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day and may include feelings of
Evaluative
Annotation sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness, angry outbursts, irritability or

frustration, even over small matters, loss of interest or pleasure in most or all

normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports, sleep disturbances, including

insomnia or sleeping too much, tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks

take extra effort, reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food

and weight gain, anxiety, agitation or restlessness, slowed thinking, speaking or

body movements, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-

blame, trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things.

For many people with depression, symptoms usually are severe enough to cause

noticeable problems in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities

or relationships with others. Some people may feel generally miserable or unhappy

without really knowing why. Mayo Clinic (2018), created an article that defines

depression, another variable of the study. The advantage of this article is that aside
from defining depression, it provided specific symptoms and how a person can be

considered in the depressive state. There are also prevention tips included in the

article that can be beneficial to the readers.

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Stress is a mediational process in which stressors (or demands) trigger an attempt

at adaptation or resolution that results in individual distress if the organism is

unsuccessful in satisfying the demand. Stress respond-ing occurs at physiological,

behavioral, and cognitive levels. Stress is more than just acute subjective or

Underlined: physiological activation and has its potentially most deleterious health effects when
Objective
Annotation it becomes chronic. The strength of this book is that in also included implications,

elements, description, rationale, and recommendations with regards to stress. It

Boldface:
Evaluative covered the whole aspect of stress and focused on that topic. This is beneficial for
Annotation
the study as it defines the variable of the study which is stress.

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 The respiratory system eliminates carbon dioxide waste from the body and

delivers oxygen to cells. Air enters the body through the nose, travels down

the trachea through the larynx in the throat, and then enters the lungs

through the bronchi. Red blood cells are subsequently given oxygen by the

Underlined: Objective bronchioles so they can circulate. As the airway between the nose and the
Annotation
lungs narrows under stress and under the influence of intense emotions,

Boldface: Evaluative respiratory symptoms including shortness of breath and fast breathing
Annotation
might manifest. Psychological stressors can make breathing more difficult

for those who already have respiratory conditions like asthma or chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease, but this is usually not an issue for healthy

people whose bodies can handle the extra energy required to breathe

smoothly (American Psychological Association, 2018). In this article, the

American Psychological Association tackled about different body systems

that can be affected by stress. It starts by stating the normal bodily function

and how stress might disrupt this. Since the study focuses on the effects of

stress and depression on COVID patients (a respiratory illness), the

respiratory part of the article is essential in providing insights with regards to

this.