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    SPIRAL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    39 views70 pages

    Spiral Spectrum - Vol 5 Final

    Uploaded by

    madhulav
    SPIRAL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 70
    +, Spiral Spectrum = Department of Electronics and Communication (Accredited By NAAC & NBA) Acharya Institute of Technology, Dr-Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road, Soladevanahalli, Bengaluru-560107, Karnataka, India. CONTENTS VISSION & MISSION PEOs & PSOs ABOUT DEPARTMENT MESSAGE EDITORIAL MESSAGE FACULTY ROLL OF HONOUR FACULTY ARTICLES YOUTH CENTRAL ACHIEVEMENTS ALUMNI & PARENT: CREATORS Vision & Mission Institute Motto Nurturing Aspirations Supporting Growth Vision Acharya Institute of Technology,committed to the cause of sustainable -value- based education in all disciplines, envisions itself as a global = fountainhead of innoyative human enterprise, with inspirational ,. initiatives for Academic Excellence. Mission Acharya Institute of Technology strives to provide _ excellent academic ambiance to the students for achieving global standards of technical education, foster intellectual and personal development, meaningful research and ethical service to sustainable societal needs. Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Vision To be a premier engineering department with excellence in teaching, research and innovation to meet the global industrial standards and to have significant impact on the well- being of the society. Mission e To provide student centric learning environment, inculcate profound knowledge in both fundamental and applied areas of science and technology. e To train and mentor the students in developing leadership qualities and team building skills along with professional ethics. PEOs & PSOs PEO1 Students shall have successful professional caree in industry, academia, R & D organization or entrepreneur in specialized field of Electronics & Communication engineering and allied disciplines. PEO 2 Students shall be competent, create and valued professional in the chosen field. PEO 3 Engage in _ life-long learning and_ professional development. PEO 4 Become effective —_global collaborators, leading or participating to address technical, business — environmental —_ and societal challenges. Program Specific Objdctives (PSOs) if ‘edb 1p Analog /| Digital Circuit Design: Apply the conceptual knowledge in the analysis and/or design; evaluate analog /digital circuits and systems. PSO2 VLSI, Signal Processing and Embedded Systems: Demonstrate technical competency in the analys' Design and validation of components in VLSI, Signal Processing, and Embedded Systems. PSO 3 Communication and Networking: Apply the domain knowledge. In the implementation and performance analysis of Communication Systems and Computer Networks. 'HE DEPARTMENT TO THE NEXT LEVEL CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE At Acharya Institutes, we believe in ‘Fueling the quest for knowledge’ In doing so, our commitments pave the way for the individual professional success which culminates in benefiting the society. Creating a vast state-of the- art academic infrastructure, putting together best teaching talent, equipping with every required learningaid ensure that students at Acharya get academics. Sporting, cultural and extra-curricular facilities are put in place so that the students enjoy their campus life. The wide range of Acharya academics encompasses Engineering, Management, Technology, Life Sciences, Pharmacy, Nursing, Teaching, Journalism, Communication, Fashion Design, etc. and has drawn aspiring youth from every part of India and across the globe, Acha The fact that Acharyans today, are a familiar face in the industry and the demonstration of its total commitment to excellence in academics. with practical and industry-focused education. PRINCIPAL'S MESSAGE Congratulations to the department of ECE for the newvolume of spiral spectrum. I am very sure this fulfills its role asa dynamic platform for teachers and students ,where they get to showcase their inherent talents and enhance their technical knowledge and literary thinking which is helping students in overall development. I appreciatedepartment for motivating students to learn, grow, explore and motivating students to learn, grow, explore and think, and my heartfelt appreciations to the editorial board for successfully envisioning and creating this magazine. It commendably upholds the spirit of learning coupled with a drive for original thinking. I wish all the success to my dear students and department of ECE for all its future endeavors Dr. Rajath He; “Never stop fighting until you arrive at your destined place - unique you. Have an aim in life, continuously acquire knowled; hard, and have perseverance to realise the great life.” | P. J. Abdi VICE PRINCIPAL’S MESSAGE e | "The training ¢ the mind to think, rather than the mere accumulation of facts, is what defines true education” - Albert Einstein I would like to extend my heartfelt congratulations to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIT for the successful launch of the Sth edition of the magazine, "Spiral Spectrum". This publication will undoubtedly serve as an excellent platform for students and faculty to expand their scientific, technical, and literary knowledge and talents. IT commend the magazine for its role in keeping the department's students, faculty, staff, and alumni informed about the latest developments and events within the department. Through this publication, the department can showcase its research, innovations, and daily operations and share knowledge with its readers. Textend my congratulations to the Editorial Board members of the magazine for work and dedication in producing such a well-crafted publication. Your ft provided a valuable platform for the department to showcase its achievements. and activities. powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." HOD'S MESSAGE At the outse commend the efforts put in by the editorial team in bringing out the "Spiral Spectrum Vol.5"of the department news magazine. As HOD of the department, I am proud of the commitment of the teaching and non- teaching fraternity in the holistic development of the young minds by providing students centric learning environment, developing leadership qualities and team building skills along with professional ethics in them. My best wishes with all the students and staff of ECE. Happy Reading! Dr. Rajeswari HOD-ECE,AIT Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering The Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering at Acharya Institutes was established in the year 2000 and affiliated with Visvesvaraya Technological University(VTU), recognized by the All Indian Council for Technical Education(AICTE), offers regular full-time UG and research program, has pioneered in carving the careers of its students and helping to acquire the necessary skills required for continuous growth with significant impact toward society. The department has been strengthened by its reputed faculty members from recognized Universities and Organizations with diversified specializations like Communication & Networking, VLSI, Signal Processing Embedded Systems, etc., Students are trained in broad career opportunities through industry-enabled labs like TEXAS- INSTRUMENTS Technology Lab, CADENCE, C-DAC, etc., and student exchange programs with different foreign universities, skill development domain training, apart from regular academics to make them competitive and industry-ready. The Department is well-equipped with laboratories as per WTU, AICTE standards, and industry. The department handshakes with industry and institutes for ongoing research activities in the area of Artificial Intelligence, Communication & Wireless Networks, VLSI, etc. The department aims at a holistic approach toward the development of students and society at large through building technical skills and managerial quality. From the EDITORS’ DESK | GREETING Echoes! It is our privilege to present to you this semester’s magazine. Working on _ this magazine has helped us to realize the potential we have as writers, editors, and many more. We are glad that many of the staff and students have mutually coordinated to give one of the best volumes. This volume recognizes the achievements of the staff and students which we are proud of. It also holds +» successful internships along with placements. The students had given endearing works that re creative and empathizing. To all the . . the next. We proudly bring forth to you RAL SPECTRUM Vol. 5 xe Ne FACULTY f DEPARTMENT OF ECE G 2021-2022 : “Those who know, do. Those who % Ss understand, teach”. -Aristotle.. Roll of Honor 2021-2022 SEM 4 SLNo [ USN NAME % TOPPERS 01 | TAY20EC050 | MYTHRIR 82.2 1 02 | TAY20EC019 | CHANDRAYAPPA GARI SAITEJA REDDY | 81.7 2 03 | 1AY20EC054 | NIKITHA G 814 3 04 | TAY20BC051 | NANDINI U MALAVALLI 80.1 4 05 | TAY20EC043 | MANASA B 78.1 3 SEM 6 ‘SLNo | USN NAME % TOPPERS Ol TAYI9BC057 | NACHAPPA. 85.75 I 02 | TAYI9ECO28 | CHANDRASHEKAR N 84.5 2 03 | TAYI9ECO59 [OMKARS 82 3 04 | TAYI9EC060 | PALLAVIS 82 3 05 | TAY21EC049 | LAXMI A BALIGAR, 81.175 4 06 | IAYI9ECO74 [SANJAY B 81.125 3 SEM 8 SLNo [ USN NAME % TOPPERS OL | TAYI8ECO75 | POOJAM 92.8 1 02 | IAYI8ECOI8_ | BANDARU REVATHY 92.6 2 03 | IAYI8ECII4 | SUSHMA 92.4 3 04 | TAYISECO77 | PRAIWALTS 912 4 05___| 1A¥18BCI07 | SINDHUSHREE R 90.6 5 FACULTY. ARTI@5 tS CONTENTS: e ai e Yoga Silicon on Inductor (SOI) ARPA AMT HEA! Hi, AA HUY | HY ALIA HATA Hi | AT les & Sep Ad sels aes Us sels aa HA | Shs SAA ses a TAT! © arotgreer sara Pre or germ’ & ah ee ees: ge AT eR Si TSI aifes, cert crest ech g, Hi a ry wr Tres HEA BI Ta RE RST OG a At cet or Gt te ST 1 Uw Ai or a fost wae & oS APTS S| Te BS Ail Ue Hi so Seal HT GA sie Eula Tar fey pe far wed 81 sroet are sro feu Ge oT us 81 ae salt & far UTE BRS S ails ae SS ore sigat a qa wee AY... AP... AT b Feaw wR daira ok dar ata fur orard Halfrat dey Si. aoe ae Pwr Us eneatsechsafew-5601 07/4 YOGA @ “Yoga is a practice that requires patience” ice can Yoga will boost good vibes both physically and mentally. Yoga prac aid in body and mental relaxation, which can enhance overall day-to-day performance in all endeavours. Because we only get one body in our lifetime, take good care of it. To have more energy as a result, this makes it simpler for to be effective every day. It helps manage any anxiety or ‘depression symptoms. It's a fantastic way to let stress and worry out. Yoga spread over the world after dually gaining popularity. It brings people together in peace and harmony. Yoga also helps us to think more clearly and become more intelligent. Through yoga, we may increase our degree of focus and discover how to steady our emotions. It connects us to nature like never before and enhances our social well-being. Dr. Jayalaxmi H Associate Professor Department of EXCE, y Acharya Institute of Technology ‘ SOI (Silicon on Insulator) Why are Silicon on Insulator (SOI) wafers more frequently employed in the production of integrated circuits than Silicon on Insulator (SON Gate Der In addition to having the potential for high-speed, low-power applications, soft-error immunity, manufacturing process simplicity, and lower chip size, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) eliminates the worry about lingering latch-up problems. In order to lower parasitic capacitance within the device and improve performance, silicon on insulator technology is the production % silicon semiconductor devices in a layered silicon-insulator-silicon substrate. The conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor, which employs the doping technique, has been challenged by the development of SOI chips. Because there is no doping in SOI, designers can do away with the need to discharge and recharge the device's capacitance. Thus, the usage of energy and heat is constrained. The production of silicon oxide, which bonds with —~ pure silicon, occurs when purified oxygen is injected into the silicon wafer at high temperatures in a procedure known as s eparation by implantation of, oxygen for SOI devices. Limiting background radiation or other environment interference is another method that SOI aids in the production of imp: ved devices. 6 Dr. Jayalaxmi I ssociate Professor partment of E& Q 0 Acharya ais of Fechnology 0. My self Gangadhar G S. Presently working as a physical education director in Acharya institute of technology. I am from Mandya. I studied in a government school later on my schooling continued in Navodaya. I completed my Pre- university and B.A in PES university, Mandya. I completed my masters at Mysore __ university. As we know Kabaddi is a village game, in our villages they used to play each and every day and they seems to enjoy a lot. In those days they used to represent the university, by this many of them were appointed for government jobs too. Looking at all these even I got interested in sports and later on, when I joined Navodaya there I got a very good opportunity to prove myself as a sports player. Every day we used to have practice and also fitness sessions. In 1996 I have represented my school in Nationals (KHO-KHO) later on I played Kabaddi rural Nationals. When I was in PUC I played for many tournaments and clubs also. After completing my master’s, I wished to be a coach for students and I thought of seeing my success in the students win. I started working at East-West institute of technology, RR institutes, and BNMIT later on I joined Acharya institute of technology on 18 Aug 2010. When I came to this college there were very few students, the sports players were in countable range, The principal (Prabhu Kumar) and Ramakrishna Gowda (sports head) supported and guided me in making teams and to make them participate in the VTU tournaments. For the first time we got the championship in 2012 for Kho-Kho (women’s team). By this I intended not to give up. I started my real journey from there and then after Kho-Kho, we won baseball, softball, kabaddi, weight lifting, netball athletes, etc. In 2012 AIT is in 39" rank over all the VTU colleges now we are in 6" rank and now more than 20-30 members were representing VTU, state, federation, senior citizens, etc. From past years we are getting lots of trophies, we also host tournaments in the college, and recently we have hosted an interdepartmental sports competition with the help of Mari Gowda sir. Many corporative leagues take place in the college. The Acharya Premier League (APL), Acharya Football League (AFL), and one sports meet that takes place during our Acharya Habba which is once in a year. According to me, sports is not just physical activity, they are many benefits out of it which we can build our fitness, leadership qualities, decision making, etc. Being a coach for many years I would like to say that my achievement is in my students’ success, I can see my success in their happiness. The support of the faculty to the students plays a major role by taking a stand with the students in all the situations. Finally, I would like to say is that my strength is my Alumni’s. They are the one who feed a player to the college and encourage the college students to get succeed in the sports. ¥4 Mr. Gangadhar G S Physical Education Director Acharya Institute of Technology Bangalore Content = Articles = Quiz = Crosswords = Art Gallery ees Confronting The Global Semiconductor Chip Shortage! Setting Context: I firmly believe that Semiconductors are pivotal in building world-class sophisticated embedded chips. Certainly, VLSI is ubiquitous and the exponential development in this field made me fascinated towards Integrated Circuit Design. So, then what make so special about embedded chips/ASIC? or why the chip crisis is detrimental to economy? and how can we tackle it? When the semiconductor erisis has been aggravated by the pandemic and triggered the industries, those repercussions made me understand the significance of semiconductors and their role in building embedded chips. I am sure they will play a momentous role in upcoming years. Since ASIC design is my area upcoming years. Since ASIC design is my area of focus, let us explore the intricacies caused by chip shortage in this article. From electronic toys to artificial satellites, no industry has been vulnerable to the impact of the current chip shortage All major organization have revised their revenue forecasts downwards to the tune of billions of dollars and are scrambling their resources on a war footing 10 reinstate their silicon supply chains. Retrieving status quo is not easy because the semiconductor industry (operations, R&D, supply chains etc.) is convoluted, and it takes vital lead time to ramp-up capacity or set-up any form of new production facilities. So at least for the foreseeable future, the demand will far outweigh the supply and the world will continue to be in the grips of the chip shortage. What led us to this entanglement? High dependency on the semiconductors where it is utilized for building an embedded systems, Cell phones and automotive chips ete. Eyen though, this domain is firm and fixed, itis also easily fragile by pandemic. This pandemic impacted severely on the semiconductor industry and made this industry to walk in a critical path, 1, Overall economic slump during global lockdowns halted silicon demand: When World Health Organization (WHO) classified COVID as a global pandemic, many countries started imposing complete lockdowns which brought economic activities to a stand-still, With a massive slump in customer demand, all industries, primarily the automotive industry, cut down the order volumes with their semiconductor manufacturers, As a result, silicon makers were also forced to scale down their production activities and reduce output volumes, 2. Shift to ‘work from home’ led to a sudden surge in demand for personal computing devices: At the same time, as offices shut down, the was sudden peak in demand for personal computing devices including laptops, desktops, smartphones, and gaming devices. They say ‘one’s loss is another’s gain. This is exactly what happened in mid-2020, The semiconductor companies saw this as an opportunity and rechannelled all their resources to cater to the new demand surge from the electronics industry. R&D, assembly lines and logistics facilities were all modified to move production away from automotive chips and towards electronic devices, 3. Drought in Taiwan hit production at TMSC (world’s largest chipmaker): Tn the most unusual of circumstances, Taiwan faced a severe drought this year, bringing key water reserves to lower than 10% of total capacity . Given that silicon manufacturers are heavy consumers of water, the government regulated the production and asked Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TMSC) to reduce the output for the year 4.Inefficient sourcing strategies and supply chain inefficiencies led to longer wait times: Most industries rely on a short term forecast driven, single vendor supported, near-zero inventory (just-in-time) model for sourcing semiconductors. Such practices are followed despite the long 20+ week lead time for chip procurement. This is a reflection of how cost optimization is preferred over risk management. Such sourcing model inefficiencies led to significant losses. (The production of a $30000 car can be stopped by the absence of a single $5 semiconductor chip). 5.Geo-political challenges and US-China trade war was detrimental to business: The US-China trade war had reached an all-time peak around the same time and the then Trump administration tightly regulated the sales of semiconductors to Huawei Technologies, ZTE, and other Chinese firms. In response to this, China also cut off access of Chinese chips to American companies and squeezed supplies from the market. Chip stocks trade at record levels ami 6.Vaccine production has also had its share of implications on Silicon industry: The cost of silicon has risen substantially due to the mass production of the COVID-19 vaccines. Incidentally, the silica needed to make the vaccine vials is the same raw material that goes into manufacturing chips for PCs What are the repercussion on major industries? Automotive: According to a new analysis from AlixPartners, the automotive industry is set to lose over $110B in top-line revenue due to the shortage this year. General Motors had to stop production at some of its manufacturing facilities as a result of the chip shortage earlier this year, costing the company at least $2Bn. Ford recently warned that the shortfall would cut its output by 1.1 million vehicles this year and earnings could be cut by a third for 2021 Laptops and Smartphone: - According to leading laptop OEMs, companies will still be affected by this shortage until at least the first half of 2022. In many countries, laptop delivery lead times are over 4 months. - Apple reported last month that the shortage will incur a cost of $3Bn to $4Bn in its financial third quarter to June, with the biggest impact felt on Mac and iPad products. - Chinese smartphone giant Xiaomi recently increased the prices on some of its TV models, citing higher prices in key components. - Samsung has indicated it could delay the release of the next Galaxy Note smartphone until 2022 as a result of the ongoing shortage. Re-solutions: Short-Term resolution: Design for availability- When losing sales due to a supply chain shock, leading companies rapidly redesign existing products to minimize or eliminate their exposure to the component shortage. With the chip shortage, this might entail removing nonessential __ features underpinned by unavailable chips, minimizing product customization, qualifying parts from multiple suppliers, or creating new products that rely on available chips and serve untapped market niches. companies constantly refine their products to increase resilience, ideally beginning early in product development and before a supply disruption hits. In our work with clients and analysis of the global landscape, we've found that several specific attributes tend to improve a resilience strategy’s odds of success. These include reducing a product’s number of parts, reusing components, using standard design approaches and flexible product architecture wherever possible, and decoupling software from hardware. In a chip shortage, for example, the fewer “hooks” the product has into silicon, the better. Reference’ http://siddharthkadandale.com/- Washington, Seattle I Vinsiahts/a-chii 5 _ University of Rahul J Gowda 7 Semester Language Models: The Power of Natural Language Processing Language is one of the most important tools we have as human beings. It is how we express ourselves, connect with others, and communicate complex ideas and thoughts. It is also one of the most difficult things for machines to understand. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, on the other hand, have brought us closer than ever to creating machines that can truly comprehend human language. A language model is an artificial intelligence algorithm that comprehends and produces natural language using statistical methods and machine learning algorithms. It is essentially a technology that enables computers to comprehend and process human language, which is frequently confusing, dependent on context, and replete with complexity. A language model is an artificial intelligence algorithm that comprehends and produces natural language using statistical methods and machine learning algorithms. It is essentially a technology that enables computers to comprehend and process human language, which is frequently confusing, dependent on context, and replete with complexity. Language models learn to recognize patterns and correlations between words and phrases by being trained on enormous amounts of text data from sources like books, articles, and social media posts. They make use of this information to forecast the word that will most likely come next in a sentence, finish a sentence, or create new, grammatically sound content. A statement like "The cat sat on the _" might be submitted to a language model as an example. According to the model's statistical analysis of English, the phrases "mat," "chair," or "sofa" are the most likely to come after the phrase "sat on the." As a result, the model can provide answers to queries, whole sentences, or even paragraphs. Another technique used by language model called "neural machine translation." This involves using a neural network to identify the most probable translation for a given sentence or phrase. Neural machine translation has become increasingly popular in recent years because it can handle more complex language structures and generate more accurate translations. The Language models have a wide range of applications in today's world such as ; Machine Translation: Language models are used in machine translation applications to translate text or speech from one language to another. They can accurately translate complex sentences and phrases, making it possible for people to communicate across language barriers. Chatbots: Chatbots are computer programs that can simulate human conversation. They are used in customer service, e-commerce, and other industries to handle routine inquiries and support requests. Language models are used to train chatbots to understand natural language and respond appropriately. Sentiment Analysis: Sentiment analysis is the process of determining the overall sentiment of a piece of text. Language models are used in sentiment analysis applications to identify the tone and emotion behind words and phrases. This is useful in marketing, social media analysis, and other applications where it is important to understand customer feedback and opinions. Speech Recognition: Language models are used in speech recognition applications to understand spoken language and transcribe it into text. This technology is used in a variety of applications, including voice _ assistants, dictation software, and call-center automation. ‘Text Generation: Language models are used in text generation applications to generate new text based on a given prompt. These applications are used in a variety of fields, including creative writing, content creation, and news generation. (QUESTION ANSWERING We may anticipate language models becoming more crucial to our daily lives as they advance. The potential for language models is limitless given the development of natural language processing. Future language models might be able to comprehend language in the same manner that humans do, opening the door to even more sophisticated applications in industries like law and healthcare. However, there are also challenges to consider when it comes to language models. The more sophisticated these models become, the more data they require to learn, which can raise concerns about data privacy and security. Additionally, language models ~— may inadvertently learn and perpetuate biases present in the data they are trained on, highlighting the need for ethical considerations when building and using these models. Text Oust eee — Language models are a tremendous tool that could completely change how we engage with and communicate with machines. They are used in a wide variety of industries, from creative writing to language translation. The importance of these models in our lives will surely increase as they continue to get better. Yet it's crucial that we use them sensibly and take precautions to reduce any hazards. The possibilities of this fascinating technology can only be fully realized at that point. SAI AYUSH 7 SEM. India’s AMCA: Cutting-Edge Avionics and Electronics for a Stealthy Fighter Jet The Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is India's next-generation fighter aircraft, being developed to meet the Indian Air Force's (IAF) requirements for a fifth- generation fighter. The AMCA is a single-seat, twin-engine, stealthy aircraft designed to operate in deep strike missions, air superiority, and ground attack roles. The AMCA is being designed with a focus on low observability,-and the aircraft's shape and materials are optimized to reduce its-radar signature. The aireraft's engine intakes are designed to reduce the radar signature from the front, and the aircraft's weapons bays are designed to reduce the radar signature from the sides and rear. The aircraft will also have internal fuel tanks, which will reduce its radar signature compared to external fuel communication systems, such as. ‘AESA radars, IRST sensors, and data links, which will enable the AMCA “to. detect\and engage targets ‘at. long REN while remaining undetected. \ In addition, the AMCA is expected to be equipped with advanced electonic Warfare (EW) systems, including ECM and\ESM, which will enable itto evade enemy radars and missiles) The airoraft will also have a self-protection suite Thal includes chaff and “flare dispensers to counter eniny missile. threats. Compared to the F-35, the AMCA is expected to have a smaller radar cross-section due to its optimized design for low observability. The AMCA's engines are also expected to be more powerful, providing a higher thrust-to-weight ratio, which will improve the aircraft's performance. The AMCA is also expected to have a greater range and endurance than the F=35, enabling it to operate at greater distances from its base. In conclusion, the AMCA's advanced avionics, sensor, and communication systems, as well as advanced electronic\warfare capabilities, are a testament to India's technical capabilities and its commitment to developing cutting-edge military technologies. The use of locally developed components and systems is also expected to contribute to the growth of India's electronics industry, creating employment opportunities and boosting the country's economy. With its advanced design and capabilities, the AMCA is poised to become.a significant asset to the Indian Air Force, providing it with a formidable platform to.defend India's airspace and project its military power. SOURCES © Official websites of the Indian Air Force and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) # “News. articles from. reputable’ Soiirees, “such as The Economic Times, Defence News, and Aviation Week NAME; AVINASH MOGRI. SEM St FinFET Technology in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Advantages and Challenges FinFETs, short for Fin Field Effect Transistors, are a type of transistor structure used in modern semiconductor manufacturing processes. They are a major improvement over traditional planar MOSFETs and have helped to increase transistor density, reduce power consumption, and improve performance in modern electronics The FinFET structure is named after its "fin-shaped" channel, which is raised above the substrate and surrounded by a gate electrode. This three-dimensional structure provides better control over the flow of electrons, allowing for faster switching speeds and more efficient use of power. One of the main advantages of FinFETs is their ability to operate at lower voltages. This is due to their improved electrostatic control, which reduces leakage current and improves energy efficiency. Additionally, FinFETs allow for the creation of more complex and compact circuits, as they can be scaled down to smaller sizes without sacrificing performance FrontGate Fins Bulk Si The development of FinFETs was driven by the need to continue scaling transistors down in size as Moore’s Law predicted, Traditional planar MOSFETs were reaching their physical limits, and the introduction of FinFETs allowed for continued progress in the field of semiconduetor manufacturing. FinFET technology is used in a wide range of applications, from mobile devices to high-performance computing, In mobile devices, FinFETs have allowed for longer battery life and more powerful processing capabilities. In high- performance computing, FinFETs have enabled faster data processing and improved energy efficiency. Despite their many advantages, FinFETs also present some challenges for the semiconductor manufacturers, The dimensional structure of FinFETs requires three-dimensional structure of FinFETs requires more complex manufacturing processes and can be more difficult to produce than traditional planar MOSFETs. Additionally, FinFETs can be more sensitive to variations in manufacturing processes, leading to issues with yield and reliability, In conclusion, FinFETs have revolutionized the field of semiconductor manufacturing and have enabled the development of faster, more efficient, and more compact electronic devices. While they present some challenges for manufacturers, the benefits of FinFET technology far outweigh the difficulties. As technology continues to evolve, itis likely that FinFETs will continue to play a key role in the development of new electronic devices and applications, SOURCES 1. Taur, ¥. and Ning, T. H., Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices, 2nd 5 ed. Cambridge University Press, 2009. NAME: NIKITHA G. SEM: 5" Electronics Engineering in India: Future Prospects and Jobs Electronics engineering is one of the most in-demand fields in India, and there are numerous job opportunities for electronics engineers in various industries such as telecommunications, consumer electronics, aerospace, defense, healthcare, and automotive. In recent years, with the growth of the Indian economy and the increasing demand for advanced technology, the electronics industry in India has grown significantly. This growth has led to an increase in the demand for skilled electronics engineers who can design, develop, and maintain electronic devices and systems. One of the most promising areas for electronics engineers in India telecommunications. With the rapid growth of mobile technology and the increasing demand for high-speed internet, the telecommunications industry in India is expected to continue to grow. Electronics engineers can find job opportunities in designing and developing —_ the infrastructure for 5G networks, satellite communication advanced technologies. systems, and other telecommunications Another promising area for electronics engineers in India is the consumer electronics industry. With the increasing demand for smart homes, smart appliances, and other connected devices, electronics engineers can find job opportunities in designing and developing innovative consumer electronics products. The aerospace and defense industries are also promising areas for electronics engineers in India. The Indian government has invested heavily in the development of its aerospace and defense capabilities, and electronics engineers can find job opportunities in designing and developing advanced avionics systems, communication systems, and other Finally, the automotive industry is another promising area for electronics engineers in India. With the increasing demand for electric and hybrid vehicles, electronics engineers can find job opportunities in designing and developing the electronic systems and components for these vehicles. In conclusion, electronics engineering is a promising field in India, and there are electronics technologies for aerospace and defense applications. Healthcare is another promising area for electronics engineers in India. With the increasing demand for advanced medical devices and equipment, _ electronics engineers can find job opportunities in designing and developing medical devices such as MRI machines, CT scanners, and other medical imaging equipment. numerous job opportunities available in various industries. With the growth of the Indian economy and the increasing demand for advanced technology, electronics engineers can expect to see continued growth in job opportunities in the years to come. SOURCES:- 1. "India's Electronics Industry Set to Grow to $400 Billion by 2025: ELCINA" article on the Economic Times website. PUNEETH G 5" Sem Mental Health What is Mental Health ? Mental Health defines a emotional, psychological state and social well being of a person. It is a problem in all of us which is being ignored allot. The reason to ignore it is because it’s a difficult task to realize that if a person is mentally stable or not. Here Mental stability does not refer to any mental disorder or disability, this is particularly on feelings, emotions, stress, anxiety we feel daily in our life because of society. As the world is elevating in technology, the personal development in us is decreasing which leads to over thinking, depression, loneliness, fear which are some causes of mental illness. As the world is now all about compilation of who would complete the allotted work in less time and perfection which will eventually lead to increase in stress and mental pressure.A good mental health is a very important and necessary aspect in this situation. With bad mental state the person would take wrong decision which will directly affects his or her professional dignity, health like mental aspect dignity, this makes equally important physiological health. So, with this the next question which arises is “how can we identify if a we are or a person is mentally stable or not? Symptoms or signs showing Mental illness: - If a person for is experiencing sadness or depressed for no particular reason, and blaming himself for mistake they are not even involved in at all, shows over thinking and unstable emotional state. - If a person is facing difficulty to concentrate on a particular concept or thing and constantly confused to themselves for no reason, expresses their lack of stability. - Ifthe person faces extreme mood change, which means the person. laughing a moment ago, starts crying, feels sad, experiences loneliness. It indicates the mood swing which is very common in mental illness. - The person moving a part from his family and friends and getting separated from society and day to day life. - And if a person feels low energy and experiences constant tiredness and having problems sleeping. So above points are some symptoms of Mental illness. If we want to express mental illness in few words are constant fatigue, physical pain and tiredness, perfectionism, lack of emotions and avoidance. Reason for this type of behavior are technology advancement which is both boon and curse for this society, the way we lead our life, modern society and many more. Nine signs of mental illness eauth ire What are the sympioms ofa mental illness? fa friend or loved one doesnt Seem themselves, how do you spot the ifference between a bad mood @ | Weight or appette changes ‘Chane in behaviour ‘rtesinge We are getting distant from our society, lack sensitivities of how to behave, losing our grip of our own life, getting into wrong path etc.. We don't talk, we don't express, we don't laugh, we don't cry when it's ok to cry. We try to present ourselves strong by suppressing our feelings inside us. We restrict restrict ourselves so much in the name of boundaries that permanently affect our life. We are so much exhausted and frustrated. What’s a Mental Iliness? ‘Ament hath conden ht hae et teenth yah “ue How can we this Mental illness ? As we have so many disadvantages of bearing bad brain, let’s find some preventions and solutions for mental illness. But as this situation vary from person to person, there are no particular solution but we can generalize in some ways. overcome ‘% First step to be taken is that we need to talk, express our thoughts. This itself will solve of 70% of mental illness. “+ Educate yourself & others around you about this which will play major role in helping people to come out this catastrophe. “> Physical activities play a major role in solving our mental problem, by practicing 30 minutes of exercise daily will helps us to improve. “* Never even skip your food. Most of us ignore the importance of food Food and water makes our body energetic and hydrated which helps us to have high and undisturbed concentration for a long time. “+ Make sleep priority and necessity and not an option. “+ Every time negative things drag you the most, only bother yourself about positive things around you! “ Exercise your mind by meditation minimum for to 10 minutes, morning and night. “+ Stay connected with people you feel comfortable with, parents, family, friends and share as much as you want and as much as you can. Last as we all know "Ideal Mind is devils workshop". Due to mental illness nearly 8 million people die every year and it has dramatically increased from 1970. In according to reports nearly 56 people in India itself suffer from depression 9 POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH HABITS TO TRY AND MAINTAIN EACH WEEK (ives dramatically increased from 1970.In according to reports nearly 56 million people in India itself suffer from depression and 33 million people suffer due to anxiety issues. It might look very simple but due to this we youths are facing huge problems facing society. So let’s take step ahead and solve this problem of mental illness from society. "We don't have to control our thoughts, we just have to stop letting them control us” PRANAV BHAT V 3° SEM 3) 4) 5) 6) Techno Quiz The doping level of an emitter in a n-p- n transistor is, i) Lightly doped ii) Moderately doped iii) Heavily doped iv) No doping takes place Zener diode is used in this condition i) Fonward bias ii) Reverse bias iii) Base bias iv) Voltage divider bias According to De morgan’s theorem (A+ B)’is equal to ) A.B ii) ASB iii) AB iv) A+B" Number of bits ina nibble )2 ii) 4 iii) 6 iy) 8 The relationship between a and fein a transistor is i) Bea/IE app ) Pea/l+a iv) a=plsp Tank circuit in oscillator contains which of the following components i) Resistance & capacitor ii) Inductor & resistor iii) Inductor & capacitor iv) Transistor & capacitor 7) To get output as 1 the input combination for the following circuit should be iii) A-l & B iv) A1& 8) The condition for BIT work as an oscillator is i) Positive feedback circuit ii) Negative feedback circuit iii) AB=1 iv) Both 1&3 9) To get only higher frequencies, output should be drawn across thi i) Resistor ii) Capacitor 10) Convert the decimal number (3852)i0 to hexadecimal number i) BIC cm be iv) FOC a ~~ as ~ ~~ —, ~ 11) Resistance of the material increases when 4 i) Both 1& A increase ii) Both | & A decrease iii) | increases and A decreases iv) I decreases and A increases i) IRLED ii) LED 12)For 5 band colour coded resistor, 4th iii) Photo diode band represen iv) Photo resistor i) Numerical value (4 position) ii) Efficiency 18) IEEE standard for Bluetooth is iii) Multiplier i) 802.1la iv) Tolerance ii) 802.112 iii) 802.15.2 13) SI unit of inductance is iv) 802.15.1 i) Henry if) Farad 19) At resonance, circuit becomes iyiweber i) Capacitive in nature iv) Ohm ii) Inductive in nature il) Purely resistive 14) 1 Tb data is equals to 'v) None of the above i) 2°bits i) 2 bits 20) When AC is applied to pure capacitor iit) 1024 bits i) The current leads the voltage iv) bits il) The current lags behind the c voltage es : ili) The voltage leads the current 15) rue Into Gray code Abe ii) 1100 )) 1110 iv) 0110 16) Output of the SR latch when both of the inputs are HIGH is i) HOLD ii) SET iii) RESET iv) INVALID 17) This symbol indicates KS CHAITANYA 38” SEM Techno Crossword HINT: ACROSS: A type of semiconductor material commonly used in electronic device A type of circuit that outputs a high signal when a specific condition is met. A measure of how well a system amplifies a signal without distortion. A type of logic gate that outputs a low signal only when both of its inputs are high. A type of filter that allows certain frequencies to pass and attenuates others. A signal processing technique that removes unwanted noise from a signal. A type of filter that allows certain frequencies to pass while blocking others. Type of amplifier which provides low impedance and less gain, A type of sequential circuit that can store one bit of data and is often used for state machines. 10. Signal which is zero at everywhere other than the origin, SPADA REND DOWN: 11, A measure of the maximum absolute value of a signal. 12. A type of semiconductor material that is commonly used in LEDs. 13. The process of combining multiple signals into one signal for transmission over a communication channel. 14, A mathematical operation used to determine the input of signal for given output. 15. A mathematical tool used to analyse signals and systems. 16. Gate whose output is high when both inputs are same. 17. A type of circuit that uses feedback to maintain a constant output voltage or current. 18. Device which stores charges certain interval of time. 19. A mathematical function that describes the strength and frequency of a signal as a function of time. 20. The process of converting a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal. PAWAN KUMAR P; PRANAV BHAT V grD ~ 1 | Development inclined to | Devasis Pradhan” | “CreNsyMp), IIT Mumbai, India Joe Industry 4,0 Connectivity PoD Vs SNR Estimation: IEEE Region 10 Symposium 2 | C-MIMORadar Using | Devasis Pradhan , July 2022 STC and STAP Algorithm (TENSYMP), IIT Mumbai, India Sognition of 5 en o Nework Book Name ; Understanding . Pattern Analysis Page No. 125- | 25th September 3. | forSmart Cities: Issues, | Devasis Pradhan : 7 141, Nova Science Publication, 2022 Challenges, and Future E New York Directions Deep Learning Approach |< ToT Based Smart Applications 4 | forlo? Based Muliclass ae EIA/Springer Innovation in 06" October Weed Classification Using | yh nieanth § | Communication and Computing 2022 YOLOvS 2022 Tournal of Network Security Improvement of Capacity Computer Networks Vol - 8, Issue = | and QoE: Distributed , 3 Page 9-14 fi oo > | Massive MIMO (DM- Devasis Pradhan | s ps:/idoi.org/10.46610/0NSCN. | !! October 2022 MIMO) Technology-5G 2022. v08i03.002 Wiley Book - Decision Support Costes 056 Syste fr Sa Cy Technology Toward Devasis Pradhan ae 22" November © | Sustainable Development | Rajeswari pie Pa 2022 ane 5 ISBN:9781 119896432 (Online = ISBN:9781119896951 [DOF:10.1002/9781119896951 Sandeep Kumar Kempegowda, ee Pee a Rajeswati , International Journal of Electrical 7 | Seural networks for weed | _Lakshmikanth and Computer Engineering 18th December eae Satyanarayana, | (ECE) (Vol. 12, Issue 6, p. 6756) Siddesh Matada Basavarajaiah Students Publication Sit r Name of Journal/ Seminar/ Date of No piitle of the Paper Author Conference Science Publication Detection of SAR and Asian Journal For Convergence In Penetration Depth of EM | GVS Brijesh, Naveen | Technology (AJCT) ISSN -2350-1146, | 19% oust 1 | waves on the Human body | N, Ankit Chaurasiya, 802), 09-14, a with respect to Cellular Naga Teja hhups:/doi.org/10,33130/AJCT.2022v0 ae AGILTE Base Stations, 802.003 Conigarative Anas of Asian Journal For Convergence In 2 | PAPR Using PTS and SLM ia Kumar | Technology (AJCT) ISSN -2350-1146, | 19 syouce Reduction Techniques for | Sinha, Anand Kumar, Ome 2022 Abhishek Saurabh | hntips:/doi.org/10.33130/AJCT.2022v0 5g Communication System. een th Wiley Book - Decision Support Tieton Kumari Priyanka, | Systems for Smart City Applications | 5451 November 3 | sustainable Development | On2pikt Mallavaram, | Wiley’s Pint ISBN:97811 19896132 ae cf Smart Glee Atchit Raj [Online ISBN:9781 119896951 a ete [DOI:10.1002/9781119896951 4GIVoLTE-Spectrum Kumari Priyanka, _ | Middle East Res J. Eng, Technol, 2023 4 Sensing using Snaia Shela Jan-Feb 3(1): 7-11.DOI: wots Cyclostationary Detection Saree huips://doi.org/10.36348/merjet.2023.v - (CS-SS) Method: A Review 301.002 Design and Analysis of Middle ey Me aieeiesih 2023 | MSPAusing FR-4 Epoxy | Sneha Srishti, Siddhi fan-Fel ees > pois Dielectric for Wireless Jain, Rahul Gowda “— a . hups://doi.org/10.36348/merjet.2023.v Broadband Application iaalione “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world” -NELSON MANDELA COMPANIES VISITED AIT TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES a" RINEX h. APEX a Codeyoung _ OO sept Cognizant SASKEN © Growjunction

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