TYPES OF TRAPS
Nahni trap
provided in to the floor to
collect waste water from
bathroom, wash area,
washbasin, and kitchen sink
area etc
80 mm dia.
50mm - water seal depth
Bottle Trap
provided to receive waste
from washbasin, kitchen sinks
and other appliances where
the appliances do not have a
built-in trap
Gully Trap Intercepting Trap
provided outside the building
before connecting it to external
sewerage line. It also collects
waste water from the kitchen sink,
wash basins, bath and wash area
depth shall not be less than 30 cm
Grease Trap
installed in the waste pipe from
one or more fixtures for the
purpose of separating grease from
the liquid and retaining the grease.
provided at the interception of
building sewer and Public
sewer. Intercepting trap is
provided to prevent the foul
gases from public sewers
Drum Trap
Used for fixtures that
discharge large amount of
water (bathtubs,
shower or floor drains)
 Running Trap
within the line of the house
drain
Low Level Trap
suitable for a tight space
under a shower and bath tray
S Trap
blocks sewer gases in sinks
and other plumbing fixtures
Building Trap
a device, fitting, or assembly of
fittings installed on the building
drain to prevent circulation of air
between the drainage system of the
Bell Trap
use in garage, patio or other
outdoor areas to drain water to a
well of the unit that serves as a trap
to contain sewer gas
Q Trap
prevents transmission of
unfavourable odours from the
washroom to the living area
Straight Through Trap
employed instead when there
isnt enough room for a trap
concealable under pedestal
basins
P Trap
to trap noxious sewer gases
inside the wastewater system
so that they can't rise back up
through the drain,
Stand Trap
Used for fixtures such as slop
sinks that are usually built low in
the ground, leaving very little
space for a foundation & a trap
 TYPES OF WELLS

Dug Well Driven Well Bored Well

are excavations with diameters created in unconsolidated material These are dug with earth augers
large enough to accommodate with a "well are usually less than 30 meters
one or more men with shovels point", which consists of a (100 ft)
digging down to below the water hardened drive point and a screen deep

Drilled Well Jetted Wells

stream of water to excavate
can be excavated by simple hand
the hole and to carry the excavated
drilling methods, get water from
material out of the hole. It therefore
a much deeper level than can
requires some type of pump, either
dug wells ‐ often up to several
motor or hand‐powered, of
hundred metres.
reasonable capacity, as well as a
supply of water

Reciprocating Pump
are those which cause the fluid
to move using one
or more oscillating pistons,
plungers or membranes
(diaphragms).
Submersible Pump
Is basically a centrifugal pump
complete with electric motors
which are positioned
underwater in a suitable bored
hole that delivers the water to
the surface
TYPES OF PUMPS
Centrifugal Pump Turbine Pump
is a rotodynamic pump that uses a A turbine pump has a vertical
rotating impeller to increase the turbine located below
pressure of a fluid. Centrifugal ground water levels and a
pumps are commonly used to move driving motor located at
liquids through piping. ground
Jet Pump Membrane Pump
uses a combination of the
In the jet ejector pump, fluid passes
reciprocating action of a rubber,
through a venturi nozzle (see
thermoplastic or PTFE and
venturi tube) and develops
suitable valves on either side of
a suction that causes a second
the body
stream of fluid to be entrained
 Piston Pump
is a type of positive
displacement pump where the
high‐pressure seal reciprocates
with the piston.Piston pumps
can be used to move liquids or
Screw Pump
operate using two counter-
rotating screw rotors which are
engineered so that they rotate
“towards each other”
Sump Pump
are used in applications where
excess water must be pumped away
from a particular area.a pump used
to remove water that
hasaccumulated in a water
collecting sump pit.
Lobe Pump
hygienic processing industries,
including food & beverage
processing and biopharmaceutical
manufacturing
Radial Plunger Pump
velocity pump where a rotating
impeller displaces varying
amounts of water per rotation
depending on the speed of
rotation, which throws water
outwards at right angles to the
Gear Pump
type of positive
displacement pump. It moves a
fluid by repeatedly enclosing a
fixed volume using interlocking
cogs or gears, transferring it
mechanically using a cyclic
 TYPES OF VALVES
Gate Valve Globe Valve
is a type of valve used for regulating
opens by lifting a round or
flow in a pipeline, consisting of a
rectangular gate/wedge out of
movable disk‐type element and a
the path of the fluid.
stationary ring seat in a generally
Angle Valve Foot Valve
A manually operated valve re a type of check valve and are
with its outlet opening placed at the pump's wet well.
oriented at right angles to its with a larger flow area than the
inlet opening; used for actual pipe size to
regulating the flow of a fluid in make sure that there is less head
Plug Valve Ball Valve
fluid shutoff valve in upstream oil
is based on a plug with a
and gas production facilities, both
hollow passage in the valve
onshore and offshore.
body.
Check Valve
is a mechanical device, a valve,
which normally allows fluid
(liquid or gas) to flow
through it in only one
direction.
Safety Valve
is a mechanical device, a valve,
which normally allows fluid
(liquid or gas) to flow
through it in only one
direction.
Butterfly Valve
a family of quarter-turn
rotational motion valves that
are used in pipelines to shut-
off flow
 Needle Valve
a type of valve with a small
port and a threaded, needle-
shaped plunger.
Pinch Valve
facilitate opening and closing the
flow of liquid through a tube
without any contact between the
liquid and the valve itself
Diaphragm Valve
valve with an elastomeric
diaphragm and a seat upon
which the diaphragm rests
when it is closed
 TYPES OF FAUCET

Compression Cock Key Cock Ball Faucet

Operates by the compression Operates with a round tapering Constructed with a ball
of a soft packing upon a metal plug around to connected to the
sheet. fit a metal sheet. handle.

Hose Bibb
Operates by the compression
of a soft packing upon a metal
sheet.
 Water Storage for Domestic Use

Overhead Tank Cistern Pneumatic Water Tank

-Does not have any pressure are typically horizontal
is a waterproof receptacle for
concerns but relies on pressurized storage tanks.
holding liquids, usually water.
gravity to supply water to Pressurizing this reservoir of
Often cisterns are
fixtures below. water creates a surge free
built to catch and store rainwater
‐ Use in overhead feed system delivery of stored water into
the distribution system.

Range Boiler Storage Boiler

is an older type of domestic hot Large hot water tank (60‐130 cm in

water heater which uses a diameter; 5m max length).
separate hot water tank which
is connected to a heating boiler
as well as to domestic hot
water piping in the home.

Individual Vent
a pipe installed to vent a
fixture trap, that connects
with the vent system above
the fixture served or
Yoke or By‐pass Vent
A pipe connecting upward
from a soil or waste stack
below the floor and below
horizontal connection to an
adjacent vent stack
TYPES OF VENTS
Unit, Common or Dual Vent
An arrangement of venting so
installed that one vent pipe
serve two (2) traps
Circuit Vent
group vent pipe which starts in
front of the extreme (highest)
fixture connection on a
horizontal branch and
connects to the vent stack.
Relief Vent
a vertical vent line that
provides additional circulation
of air between the drainage
and vent systems or to act as
an auxiliary vent
Looped Vent
a vertical vent connection on a
horizontal soil or waste pipe
branch at a point downstream
of the last fixture connection
and turning to a horizontal line
above the highest overflow
level of the highest fixture
 Wet Vent Local Vent Dry Vent
That portion of a vent pipe a pipe or shaft to convey foul air a vent that does not carry
through which wastewater from a plumbing fixture or a liquid or water‐borne wastes.
also flows through. room to the outer air.

Vent Stack Stack Vent

the vertical vent pipe installed the extension of the waste stack
primarily for providing to provide venting
circulation of air to and from
any part of the soil, waste of the
drainage system.

SIPHON WASHDOWN
The least expensive but the
noisiest; only small amount of
standing watersusceptible
to fouling, staining and
contamination.
REVERSE TRAP
the trap way located at the
rear of the water closet
eliminated the buldge at the
front.
WATER CLOSET
SIPHON JET
jet being submerged introduces its
water underwater so that its
operation is entirely muffled.
It has a large amount of standing
water to prevent fouling.
It is mechanically efficient but
expensive.
SIPHON VORTEX
develops its flushing
action through the water
entering through diagonal
holesaround the rim which
creates a swirling action which
forms a vortex in the center
 TYPES OF WATER CLOSET

ONE-PIECE CLOSED COUPLED PAIL FLUSH

The water closet fixture is water closet where in the flush comprising only of a bowl
manufactured with the tank is separate but is attached without a flush tank. Flushing
bowl and the flush tank molded to the toilet bowl. It is a two- action is obtained only through
into a single unit. piece model. water poured from a pail or

SQUAT BOWL

that is otherwise known as

“Eastern type” since the user
assumes a squatting position
rather than a sitting position.

holds a supply of water for flushing a fixture such as the water

FLUSH TANK
closet. It has a capacity of 5 to 6 gallons.
valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing
FLUSH VALVE
purposes
 TYPES OF LAVATORY

Wall Hung lavatory Pedestal Lavatory Over Counter

Under counter One- Piece Lavatory

TYPES OF LAVATORY FAUCET

Center Set
Wide Spread

used for washing the middle part of the body, especially the
BIDET
genitals. It is also known as the Sitz Bath.

BATH TUB a tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one
person. It is available in left outlet and right outlet.
 TYPES OF URINALS

Wall hung Urinal Pedestal Urinal Stall Urinal

Trough Urinal
 TYPES OF KITCHEN SINK

Single Bowl- Single Drain Double Bowl- Single Drain Double Bowl- Double Drain

Triple Bowl Corner Sink

deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors for emptying pails
SLOP SINK
of dirty water and mop cleaning.

A fixture consisting of a shallow basin, together with a

DRINKING FOUNTAIN
water jet designed to provide potable water for human consumption.
A deep wide sink or but used for washing clothes. It is also
LAUNDRY TUB
known as Laundry Tray or Set Tub.
An apparatus for spraying water on the body, usually from
SHOWER BATH
above. Drain is through the shower bath floor drain.
located in the operating room in a
SCRUB SINK hospital to enable personnel to scrub their hands prior to a surgical
procedure

Pipe Nipple
It is used to connect two
straight runs of pipe, the fitting
being outside threaded.
Plugs
A fitting that closes the end of
pipe, the fitting being outside
threaded.
Ferrule
A metallic sleeve, caulked,
joined to an opening in a pipe,
to which a plug is screwed for
the purpose of cleaning or
PLUMBING FITTINGS
Elbow
It is used to change the direction
of a pipe: 45 or 90 degrees.
Cap
A fitting that closes the end of
the pipe, the fitting being inside
threaded.
Flanges
It is used to mechanically connect
two pipes together. It can also be
used to mechanically connect a
pipe to a tee, valve, choke or any
Bushing
It connects male end of a
piece to a fitting of a larger
size; a reducing or enlarging
Siamese Connection
A hose fitting with clapper
valves for combining flow
from two or more lines of
Coupling
used to stop leakages in
broken or damaged pipes
 Union Adapters Reducer
can be removed easily any time used to reduce the flow size of
connected to pipes to either
while the coupling cannot. join the pipe from the bigger to
increase their lengths or if pipes
pipes made of different smaller one.
do not have appropriate
materials to avoid any kind of
ends.onnected without any need
galvanic corrosion between
of extensive setup.

Tee Cross Wyes

used in the plumbing system adjoined to four pipes meeting at used in drainage systems and
has one inlet and two outlets common point.These kinds of pipe have a branch line at 45
arranged at an angle of 90 fittings are commonly used in fire degrees to keep the flow of
degrees to the main pipe. water smooth.

Barb

connects flexible tubing to

pipes
 PLUMBING TOOLS

Pipe Wrench Basin Wrench Adjustable Wrench

allows plumbers to reach into
tighten and loosen nuts and
narrow spaces and loosen or
fittings on pipework.
tighten the nuts that keep our
tightens and loosens
hexagonal nuts and fittings on
pipes.

Faucet Key Hacksaw Tube & Plastic Pipe Cutters

small, X-shaped tools designed to cut through a variety of to produce a clean and
to open and close spigots and hardware, including pipes, nuts, precise cut to a pipe
sillcocks bolts, and screws.

Plumber's Torch Thread Sealing Tape

allow plumbers to apply allow professionals to loosen

to patch or prevent possible leaks and tighten nuts and bolts too
intense heat in precise areas,
at threaded joint connections in small for a wrench to grip.
soldering and sealing new
piping.
piping for installs and
replacements
 Plungers Hand Auger Goggles

produce significantly more llows plumbers to drive a cable protect eyes from leaks,
suction than the average deep down a drain in order to soldering actions and other
consumer plunger. break apart and clear clogs (via a things that might be
hand crank) dangerous to the eyes

Crimpers Stubby screwdriver

joining multiple pieces of metal tighten or loosen a screw in a

or other material by deforming hard-to-reach place inaccessible
or squeezing one or both of to a normal or electric
them to hold them together. screwdriver
uilt low in
a rubber,
ow size of