Persian cat

The Persian cat, also known as the Persian longhair, is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by a
round face and short muzzle. The first documented ancestors of Persian cats might have been imported
into Italy from Khorasan as early as around 1620, however this has not been proven. Instead there is
stronger evidence for a longhaired cat breed being exported from Afghanistan and Iran from the 19th
century onwards.[1][2] [3][4] Widely recognized by cat fancy since the late 19th century, Persian cats
were first adopted by the British, and later by American breeders after World War II. Some cat fancier
organizations' breed standards subsume the Himalayan and Exotic Shorthair as variants of this breed,
while others generally treat them as separate breeds.

The selective breeding carried out by breeders has allowed the development of a wide variety of coat
colors, but has also led to the creation of increasingly flat-faced Persian cats. Favored by fanciers, this
head structure can bring with it a number of health problems. As is the case with the Siamese breed,
there have been efforts by some breeders to preserve the older type of cat, the traditional breed, having
a more pronounced muzzle, which is more popular with the general public. Hereditary polycystic kidney
disease is prevalent in the breed, affecting almost half of the population in some countries.[5][6]

In 2021, Persian cats were ranked as the fourth-most popular cat breed in the world according to the Cat
Fanciers' Association, an American non-profit cat registry.[7]

Peke-face and ultra-typing

In the late 1950s a spontaneous mutation in red tabby Persians gave rise to the "peke-faced" Persian,
named after the flat-faced Pekingese dog. It was registered as a distinct breed in the CFA, but fell out of
favor by the mid-1990s due to serious health issues; only 98 were registered between 1958 and 1995.
Despite this, breeders took a liking to the look and started breeding towards the peke-face look. The
over-accentuation of the breed's characteristics by selective breeding (called extreme- or ultra-typing)
produced results similar to the peke-faced Persians. The term peke-face has been used to refer to the
ultra-typed Persian but it is properly used only to refer to red tabby Persians bearing the mutation. Many
fanciers and CFA judges considered the shift in look "a contribution to the breed.