IS : 4598 - 1968 Indian Standard METHOD FOR SIMPLE BEND TEST FOR ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOY SHEET AND STRIP OF THICKNESS BETWEEN 0:2 mm AND 7 mm UDC 669-71 - 415: 620°174 (St © Copyright 1968 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG. NEW DELHI 1 Price Rs 2:00 July 19681S: 4598 - 1968 Indian Standard METHOD FOR SIMPLE BEND TEST FOR ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOY SHEET AND STRIP OF THICKNESS BETWEEN 0:2 mm AND 7 mm Methods of Physical Tests Sectional Committee, SMDC 3 Chairman Representing Suet S.N, Moxerst National Test House, Calcutta Members Dr B, K. AGarwata National Physical Laboratory (CSIR ), New Delhi De T, Banersee National Metallurgical “Laboratory (CSIR), Jamshedpur Sunt L. J. BaLasuxpanam ( Alternale } Dr U.N. Buraxy Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur Sunt K, H. Suarma ( Alternate ) Suri P. R. Coanprasexuar Directorate General of Civil Aviation ( Ministry of Tourism & Civil Aviation ) Sunt G. CHATTERSEE Hindustan Steel Ltd, Ranchi Sunt U, G. Suaata (Alternate ) Cupsisr AND MBTALLURGIST, Ministry of Railways CHITTARANSAN Locomotive: Worxs Assistant Dinscror Reseancnt (Mer), Resrarcn Destens axp Staxparps ORcani- zavion ( Alternate ) Sunt R. N. Darra Directorate General of Ordnance Factories ( Ministry of Defence ), Calcutta Suni D. K, Cuaxravarry ( Alternale ) ( Bombay ) Sst D, SEN ( Alternate ) (Calcutta ) Sunt N. T, Groncz Ministry of Defence (R & D) Surr D. K. Josus ( Alternate ) Dr V, G. ParaNgAarE Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur Sur M.R. Pare Inspection Wing, Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (Ministry of Works, Housing & Supply ) Dastur & Co (P) Ld, Calcutta stry of Defence (DGI) Sur J. P. Sew ( Alternate) Sunt N, A. Prasnv M, Sunt V. Ramaswamy (Continued on page 2) INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 1IS :4598 - 1968 ( Continued from page ) Members Representing Suni M, B. Suankan Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Bangalore Suri P. K. Kurian ( Aliernate ) Dr A. K, Sivon National Aeronautical Laboratory (CSIR ), Bangalore Sunt K, C, Srivastava Indian Sugar & General Engineering Corporation, Yamunanagar Sunt A. UMAMAHESWARAN Directorate of Technical Development & Production (Air), Department of Defence Production (Ministry of Defence ) Suet R. P. Varsunny ( Alternate) Dr A. K. Guartensre, Director General, ISI ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director (Struc and Met ) Secretary Sur P, K. Jaw Assistant Director ( Metals), ISIIS :4598- 1968 Indian Standard METHOD FOR SIMPLE BEND TEST FOR ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOY SHEET AND STRIP OF THICKNESS BETWEEN 0:2 mm AND 7 mm 0 FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 6 May 1968, after the draft finalized by the Methods of Physical Tests Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council. 0.2 The bend test is employed to evaluate the ductility of a material. However, it cannot be considered as a quantitative means of predicting service performance in bending operations. ‘The severity of the bend test is primarily a function of the angle of bend a and inside diameter to which the specimen is bent. 0.3 This standard is based on Draft ISO Recommendation No. 1134 ‘Simple bend test for light metal and light metal alloy sheet and strip of thickness between 0°2 mm and 7 mm’, which represents consensus of international opinion on the subject. 0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. 1, SCOPE 1.1 This standard prescribes the method of conducting simple bend test on aluminium and aluminium alloy sheet and strip of thickness between 0-2 mm and 7 mm. It does not apply to rods, bars or extruded sections. 2. PRINCIPLE OF TEST 2.1 A rectangular test piece, cut from the sheet or strip, is subjected to plastic deformation by bending round a former of specified radius. The direction of bending is not reversed during the test. *Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). 318 :4598-1968 2.2 The bending is continued until one leg of the test piece makes, under load a specified angle a with the extension of the other (see Fig. 1). The axes of the two legs of the specimen remain in a plane perpendicular to the axis of bending. 2.3 In the case of a 180° bend, the two surfaces may, depending upon the requirements of the specification, lie flat against each other (see Fig. 4) or may be parallel at a specified distance apart (equal to twice the bend radius 7 specified in the material specification). An intermediate piece may be used for the control of this distance (see Fig. 3). 3. REFERENCE NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS 3.1 The following reference numbers and symbols have been used in this standard: Ref No. Symbol Description (see Fig. 1 to 4) 1 a Thickness of test piece i b Width of test piece ae - Distance between supports 4 e Angle of bend 5 - Radius of support surfaces 6 - Diameter of mandrel 7 r Internal radius of bend “er Fic. | Simpte Benn Test 4IS: 4598 - 1968 Fic. 2. Benp Tesr Turovcn an AncLe Over A Speciriep Raps Be : of Fic. 3. Benn Test Turoucn 180° Over a Specirmep Raprus Fic, 4 Benp Test to Frar Conprrion 51S : 4598 - 1968 4, TEST PIECE 4.1 The thickness a of the test piece shall be that of the sheet or strip from which the sample is taken, the rolled surface being undisturbed. 42 The width 6 of the test piece shall be 207% mm unless otherwise specified in the material specification. Strip material of a smaller width may be tested with the full width as supplied. 4.3 The direction of the major axis of the test piece should be specified in the material specification. 4.4 The test piece shall be prepared so that the edges are free from burrs and cracks. Cold worked zones may be removed by machining or filing. However, the test shall be acceptable, whether or not the edges have been prepared, provided the resultant bend is satisfactory. 5. METHOD OF TEST 5.1 The test may be carried out in one of the following ways: a) The test piece is placed on two parallel supports or rollers and bent in the middle by means of a mandrel (Fig. 1); b One end of the test piece is clamped in a vice between two blocks and the test piece is bent round one of the blocks, which is rounded to the specified radius and of sufficient hardness (Fig. 2). The test piece may be bent by hand or by means of rollers attached toa lever pivoted at the centre of curvature of the block; and c) For thin material the use of a mandrel or former may be impractic- able. The test piece may then be bent by hand toa U-form and subsequently closed in a vice until the inner surfaces of the bend are separated by twice the specified bend radius r (or are in general contact if the test piece is to withstand a flat bend) (Fig. 3 and 4). 5.1.1 The procedure to be adopted shall be indicated in the material specification. 5.2 The bending force shall be applied slowly so as to permit free plastic flow of the material. 5.3 The test piece may be lubricated before testing. 6. TEST REQUIREMENTS 6.1 After bending the outside of the bent portion should be examined. 6.2 The interpretation of the appearance of the outside of the bent portion shall be done in accordance with the material specification 6PUBLICATIONS OF INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION INDIAN STANDARDS About 4500 Indian Standards, broadly classified under the following main heads, have been issued so far: Agriculture & Food Electrotechnical Chemical Mechanical Engineering Civil Engineering Structural & Metals Consumer Products Textile Of these, the standards belonging to the Structural & Metals Group fall under the following categories: Copper and Copper Alloys Precious Metals Cranes and Allied Appliances Refractories Design Codes Solders Ferro-Alloys Steel Castings Foundry Stee! Forgings Lead, Zinc, Tin, Antimony and Steel Products, Wrought Their Alloys Steel Tubes and Pipes Light Metals and Their Alloys Structural Engineering Hand- Metallic Finishes books Ores and Raw Materials Structural Shapes Pig Iron, Cast Iron and Malleable Welding Cast Iron Unclassified OTHER PUBLICATIONS JS) Bulletin ( Published Every Month ) Single Copy s Annual Subscription . Annual Reports (from 1948-49 Onwards ) Handbook of !SI Publications, 1967 Available from INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION Headquarters Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 1 Telephones 27 36 11-20 Telegrams Manaksanstha Branch Offices Telegrams Manaksanstha 534 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Road Bombay 7 Telephone 356944 5 Chowringhee Approach Calcutta 13 23-1823 Industrial Estate Administrative Hyderabad 18 ” 39229 Buildiag, Sanatnagar 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar Kanpur ” 37695 54 General Patters Road Madras 2 7 81278 Printed at the Arcee Press, New Deihl, india