DRUG EDUCATION

AND
VICE CONTROL
(NARCOTICS INVESTIGATION)
WHAT ARE DRUGS?

➢In English, the noun "drug" is thought to originate from Old

French "DROGUE", (dry substance) possibly deriving from
"DROGE VATE" from Middle Dutch meaning dry barrels,
referring to medicinal plants preserved as dry matter in barrels.
WHAT ARE DRUGS?
➢Any chemically active substance rendering a specific effect on
the central nervous system of man.
➢A chemical substance that affects the functions of living cells
and alters body or mind processes when taken into the body or
applied through the skin.
➢Is a chemical substance that brings about physical, emotional
or behavioral change in a person taking it.
➢Any chemical substance, other than food, which is intended for
used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation or prevention
of disease or symptoms.
➢The term drug derives from the 14th century French word
drogue, which means a dry substance.
DRUGS CAN BE NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC/ARTIFICIAL
a. Natural Drugs
Are active ingredients, secondary metabolic products of
plants and other living systems that may be isolated by
extraction.
Example: Raw Opium, Marijuana, Coca Bush

B. Synthetic Drugs
Are artificially produced substances, synthesized in the
laboratory for the illicit market, which are almost wholly
manufactured from chemical compounds in illicit laboratories.
Example: Methamphetamine, Barbiturates
SEVEN CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
The following are the categories of drugs namely:
1. HERBAL DRUGS
Are plant substance that have drug effects whose use is not generally
regulated by the law. These substances require little processing after the plants are
gathered. These drugs may be grown locally.
2. OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS
Are commercially produced drugs that may be purchased legally without
prescription. These drugs are also known as "propriety drugs".
3. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
Are commercially produced drugs that can be legally sold or dispensed only
by a physician or on a physician's order. They are like over-the-counter drugs in
that they are manufactured by pharmaceutical companies, but they differ, in that
the decision to use drugs is legally vested in a licensed physician not in the user.
4. UNRECOGNIZED DRUGS
Are commercial products that have a psychoactive drug effects
but are not usually considered drugs. These substances are not
generally regulated by law except in so far as standards of sanitation
and purity is required.
5. ILLICIT DRUGS
Are drugs whose sale, purchase prohibited by law. Criminal
penalties usually apply to violators of these laws.
6. TOBACCO
Is not generally considered a drug, thus, may be classified as
an unrecognized drug. However, tobacco holds such a distinct position
in terms of usage patterns, economic importance, and health
consequences that it merits a category to itself.
7. ALCOHOL
Although alcohol may be included in the unrecognized drugs,
alcohol in forms such as beer wine, and distilled liquor is one of the
most widely used drugs in our society. It is regarded by many experts
as the most commonly abused drug in our society.
MEDICINES VS. DRUGS
All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicinal drug.
Medicinal Drugs A substance which when taken into the human
body cures illness and/or relieves signs/symptoms of disease
THE “SELF-MEDICATION SYNDROME”
The “self-medication” syndrome is found in users and would be
users of drugs whose sources of information are people or
literature other than doctors, pharmacists and health workers.
These could be members of the family, relatives, and/or
neighbors, all of whom may have previously used the drug for
their specific disease or disorder.
HOW DRUGS WORK?
Most drugs act within a cell, rather than on the surface of a
cell or in the extracellular fluids of the body.
When two drugs are taken together or within a few hours of
each other they may interact with unexpected results. This is one
reason a physician should always know the names of all drugs
one is using.
A DOSE of a drug is the amount taken at one time. The doses
taken become an extremely important part of drug abuse. The
amount of drug in a dose can be described as:
1. MINIMAL DOSE – amount needed to treat or heal, that is,
the smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic
effect.
2. MAXIMAL DOSE – largest amount of a drug that will produce
a desired therapeutic effect, without any accompanying
symptoms of toxicity.
3. TOXIC DOSE – amount of d rug that produces untoward
effects or symptoms of poisoning
4. ABUSIVE DOSE– amount needed to produce the side
effects and action desired by an individual who improperly uses
it
5. LETHAL DOSE – amount of drug that will cause death
HOW DRUGS ARE ADMINISTERED?
(ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION)
The common methods of administration are the following:
ORAL INGESTION - The drugs is taken by the mouth and must
pass through the stomach before being absorbed into the
bloodstream, the one of the most common ways taking a drug

INHALATION - Drug in gaseous form enter the lungs and are

quickly absorbed by the rich capillary system, it is probably the
second most commonly used route of drug administration

INJECTION - The drug can be administered into the body by the

use of syringe and hypodermic needle in the following ways.
Subcutaneous (SC) - Drug is administered by injecting the drug
just below the surface of the skin; this is sometimes called “skin
popping.”
Intramuscular (IM) - Administration involves the injection of a
drug into a large muscle mass that has a good blood supply, such
as the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, or triceps.
Intravenous (IV) - The most efficient means of administration
which involves depositing drug directly into the bloodstream, this
is also the most rapid method of drug administration.
SNORTING - Inhalation through the nose of drugs not in gaseous
form, it is sometimes inhaling a powder or liquid drug into the nose
coats of the mucous membrane.

BUCCAL - The drug is administered by placing them in the buccal

cavity just under the lips and the active ingredients of the drug will be
absorbed into the bloodstream through the soft tissues lining of the
mouth.

SUPPOSITORIES - The drug is administered through the vagina or

rectum in suppository form and the drug will also be absorbed into the
bloodstream.
THE CONCEPT OF TOXICOLOGY
A drug may cause effects because of any of the following:
1. Overdose – when too much of a drug in taken, there may be an
over extension of its effects.
2. Allergy – some drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to
allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood
pressure, suffocation and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy – for unexplained reasons, morphine, which sedates
all men, stimulates and renders some women some maniacal.
Perhaps the phrase “catty woman” has pharmacological basis since
most mammals are sedated by morphine but some cats become
extremely excited by it.
4. General Protoplasmic Poison Property – drugs are chemicals
and some of them have the property of being general protoplasmic
poisons.
5. Side Effects – some drugs are not receptors for one organ but
receptors of other organs as well. The effect in the other organ may
constitute a side effect, which is unwanted.
THE MEDICAL USE OF DRUGS
Analgesics relieve pain. However, they may produce the opposite
effects on somebody who suffers form peptic ulcer or gastric
irritation.
Antibiotics combat or control infectious organisms. Ingesting the
same antibiotics for a long time can result in allergic reactions and
cause resistance to the drug.
Antipyretics can lower body temperature or fever due to infection.
Antihistamines control or combat allergic reactions. People who on
antihistamine therapy must not operate or drive vehicles since these
drugs can cause drowsiness.
Contraceptives prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell
or prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells. Pregnant women must
not take birth control pills to avoid congenital abnormalities. This
advice also applies to women suffering from heart disease, varicose
veins, breast limps, goiter and anemia. The effectiveness of oral
contraceptives may be reduced when taken with antibiotic.
 Decongestants relieve congestion of the nasal passages. Prolonged
used of these decongestants might include nasal congestion upon
withdrawal.
Expectorants ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs
and the throat. They are not drugs of choice for the newborn that does
not know to cough the phlegm out.
Laxatives stimulate defecation and encourage bowel movement. They
should not be given to pregnant women and those suffering from
intestinal obstruction. Taking purgatives (stronger than laxatives)
unnecessarily might result in rupture of the intestines or appendix if
there is an obstruction. Constant use might make the intestines
sluggish.
Sedatives and tranquilizers calm and quiet the nerves and relieve
anxiety without causing depression and clouding of the mind.
Precautions must be taken in the use of tranquilizers since they can
cause impairment of judgement and dexterity.
Vitamins are food substances necessary for normal growth and
development and proper functioning of he body.
When are drugs harmful?
Any drug may be harmful when taken in:

- Excess;
- Dangerous combinations;
- By hypersensitive (allergic) person
Drug Abuse
➢Is the overuse or consumption of drugs other than for medical
reasons.
➢Any non-medical use of drugs that cause physical,
psychological, legal, economic, or social damage to the user or
to the people affected by the user’s behavior.
➢Using drugs without prescription.
➢Abuse of drugs and other substances can lead to physical and
psychological dependence.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUG ABUSERS
1. Situational Users – those who use drugs to keep them awake
or for additional energy to perform an important work. Such
individual may or may not exhibit psychological dependence.
2. Spree Users – school age users who take drugs for “kicks’, an
adventurous daring experience, or as a means of fun. There may
be some degree of psychological dependence but little physical
dependence due to the mixed pattern of use.
3. Hard Core Addicts – those, whose activities revolve almost
entirely around the drug experience and securing supplies. They
show strong psychological dependence on the drug.
4. Hippies – those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug
is an integral part of life.
WHY PEOPLE TURN TO DRUG ABUSE
POVERTY
• This is the most prevalent factor that prompt pushers and
abusers alike to indulge in dangerous drugs
• Pushers were forced by the circumstances to the retailing of
prohibited drugs as a meant or source of livelihood
• Many abusers use dangerous drugs as a vehicle to escape the
realities of poverty and its related problems.
IGNORANCE
• Lack of knowledge and information about how dangerous
drugs look like, their bad effects, legal ramifications or
consequences and other aspects of prohibited drugs
PARENTAL INFLUENCES
• Unhappy home, parents showing little or no interest in their
children, Abuses committed by parents such as harsh physical
punishments
• Lack of parental values; parents who are permissive and liberal;
parental neglect; domestic violence; role modeling.
D. PEER INFLUENCES
• Drug using friends encourage, pressure even, a youth to
experiment with drugs.

E. PERSONALITY FACTORS
•Curiosity or the desire to experience a new state of
consciousness
• Escape from physical and mental pain, relief from boredom and
frustration, and desire to escape from harsh realities
• Unable to conform to social standards; weak personality or low
sense of self-esteem.
 THE 7 DEADLY SINS
PRIMARY CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
1. PRIDE – excessive feeling of self-worth or self-esteem, sense of
self-importance.
2. ANGER - unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself, his
family, his friends or the society in general.
3. LUST – burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug
abuse.
4. GLUTTONY – “food trip” in the lingo of junkies
5. GREED – wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under
pressure in their work of art, such as musicians, actors, athletes who
indulge in drug abuse.
6. ENVY – to get attention from someone: as a sign of protest envy is a
major cause of drug abuse.
7. LAZINESS –“ I can’t syndrome”, incapacity to achieve – the breeding
ground of drug abuse. Boredom coupled with poor self-image
PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG ABUSERS
The detection of drug abuse involves five processes namely:
a. OBSERVATION
b. HISTORY TAKING (Note: The best information is from the patient
himself)
c. LABORATORY EXAMINATION
d. PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
e. PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
• Intelligence Test
• Personality Test
• Aptitude Test
• Interest Test
• Psychiatric Evaluation
DRUG DEPENDENCE
Also called as DRUG ADDICTION.
The users continue to take a drug over an extended period of
time.
The users find it difficult to stop using the drug.
The users stop taking their drug – only if their supply of the drug
is cut off, or if they are forced to quit for any reason – they will
undergo painful physical or mental distress. (Withdrawal
Syndrome)
Drug dependence may lead to drug abuse – especially the illegal
drugs
Take note:
The WHO has suggested that the term “addiction” be replaced
with the term “drug dependence.” It is not possible to identify to
identify with precision the point where compulsive use should be
considered addiction.

The term addiction cannot be used interchangeably with physical

dependence since one can be physically dependent on drugs
without being addicted and in some cases, addicted without
being physically dependent
TYPES OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE - can only be visible when drug
intake is decreased or stopped and an involuntary illness called
the withdrawal syndrome occurs.
FORMS OF PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
Tolerance
Occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a drug as the
drug is repeatedly taken in the same dose.
It now requires ever- increasing larger doses to achieve the
same desired effect.
Addiction
Severe craving for the drug even to the point of interfering with
the person’s ability to function normally
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
Exhibited when a user relies on a drug to achieve a feeling of
well-being.

Habituation
Characterized by continuous desire for a drug.
A person believes that the drug is needed to function at work or
home because drugs often produce an elated/ excited emotional
state.
DRUG TRAFFICKING
Otherwise known as DRUG TRADE
•Generally refers to the sale and distribution of illegal drugs
•It refers to the illegal process through which narcotics and other
illegal drugs are produced, transported, and sold.
•Drug/Illegal Trafficking is the illegal cultivation, culture, delivery,
administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading,
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and
possession of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical. (RA 9165)
FIRST IMPORTANT DRUG TRAFFIC
ROUTE
Middle East
discovery, plantation, cultivation, harvest
Turkey
preparation for distribution
Europe
manufacture, synthesis, refine
USA
marketing
SECOND MAJOR DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE

Drugs that originates from the Golden Triangle

BURMA/MYANMAR
LAOS
THAILAND

In Southeast Asia the “Golden Triangle” approximately produced

60% of opium in the world, 90% of opium in the eastern part
of Asia. It is also the officially acknowledged source of Southeast
Asian Heroin.
Drugs that originates from the Golden Crescent

AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
IRAN
INDIA

In Southwest Asia the “Golden Crescent is the major supplier of

Opium poppy, Marijuana and Heroin products in the western part
of Asia. It produces at least 85% to 90% of all illicit heroin
channeled in the drug underworld market.
Drugs that originates from the SILVER TRIANGLE

PERU
BOLIVIA
COLUMBIA
THE GREEN TRIANGLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
BENGUET
KALINGA, APAYAO
MT. PROVINCE
 THE WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
THE WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
A. Middle East
The Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest
producer of Cannabis in the Middle East.
Lebanon is also became the transit country for cocaine from South
America to European illicit drug markets.
B. Spain
This is known as the major transshipment point from international
drug traffickers in Europe and became “the paradise of drug users” in
Europe.
C. South America
Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and Chile are the principal sources of all
cocaine supply in the world due to the robust production of the coca
plants-sources of the cocaine drug. Columbia: Coca/Cocaine
D. Mexico
It is known in the world to be the number one producer of
marijuana.
E. Philippines
The second in Mexico as to the production of Marijuana.
It also became the major transshipment point for the
worldwide distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu and cocaine
from Taiwan and South America.
It is noted that Philippines today is known as the drug
paradise of drug abusers in Asia
F. lndia
The center of the world's drug map, leading to rapid addiction
among its people.
G. Indonesia
Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main cannabis
growing area in Indonesia.
Bali Indonesia is an important transit point for drugs en route
to Australia and New Zealand.
H. Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
The most favorable sites of drug distribution from the “Golden
Triangle” and other parts of Asia
I. China
The transit route for heroin from the "Golden Triangle" to
Hongkong. It is also the country where the "épedra" plant is
cultivated- source of the drug ephedrine- the principal chemical for
producing the drug shabu.
J. Hong Kong
The world's transshipment point of all forms of heroin.
K. Japan
The major consumer of cocaine and shabu from the United
States and Europe
THE DANGEROUS DRUGS
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

• DEPRESSANTS
• STIMULANTS
• HALLUCINOGENS
DEPRESSANTS
Also known as “downers”, are drugs which act on and depresses
the central nervous system causing initial relaxation leading to
drowsiness and sleep.
Used of downers results to impairment of judgment,
hearing, speech and muscle coordination.
They dull the minds, slow down the body reaction to such
extends those accidental deaths and suicides usually happen.
DEPRESSANTS
• Narcotics
Opium - Morphine - Heroin – Codeine – Methadone
• Barbiturates
• Seconal
• Tranquilizers
• Volatile Solvents
• Alcohol
• Paregoric
• Demerol
TYPES OF DEPRESSANTS
Narcotics
• The term narcotic basically refers to drugs that produce a
depressant effect on the CNS.
• Medically they are potent pain killers, cough suppressant and
active component of anti-diarrhea preparations.
Narcotics
OPIUM & ITS DERIVATIVES
OPIUM
• It is derived from the Oriental poppy plant papaver
somniferum.
• Raw opium is dark brown in color and is bitter in taste.
• Mother/queen of all drugs
• Yung Chen (Opium War)
• Street name: “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”.
Narcotics
OPIUM & ITS DERIVATIVES
MORPHINE
• It is the most important alkaloids and constitutes about 10 % of
the use raw opium
• Most Common opium derivative
• 6 times stronger than opium
• It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus
• Friedrich Serturner, isolated morphine from opium.
• Street Name; M, DREAMER, EMMA, EMSEL, Pulbos
 Narcotics
OPIUM & ITS DERIVATIVES
HEROIN
▪ Also known as Diacetylmorphine
• Most commonly abused narcotic in the world.
• It was discovered by Alder Wright (1896),
• Second derivative of opium
• Aka Miracle Drug
• Most powerful/potent derivatives of Opium, bitterer and
commonly injected.
• 3-5 times stronger than morphine
• Diacetylmorphine
• Street Name: BLANCO, BROWN, SUGAR, KABAYO, KENGKOY,
GAMUT, MATSAKO, PULBOS, SAPSAP, TINIK
Narcotics
OPIUM & ITS DERIVATIVES
CODEINE
• Also known as Methylmorphine.
• Third derivative of opium
• its effect is weaker in intensity. Cough preparations.
• Street Name: SCHOOL BOYS
Narcotics
OPIUM & ITS DERIVATIVES
METHADONE
• A synthetic narcotic used as treatment of heroin
dependence but also fallen to abused.
• Other than methadone, other most commonly known synthetic
opiate substitute are meperidine (demerol) and darvon.
 Depressants
BARBITURATES
• are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with
anxiety, mental stress, and insomnia.
• Street Name: LILY, BALA, DOWNERS, YELLOW JACKETS,
BLUE HEAVENS
SECONAL
• commonly used among hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal from
these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate withdrawal.
TRANQUILIZERS
• Are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety.
• They are used in the treatment of nervous states and some
mental disorders without producing sleep.
Depressants
VOLATILE SOLVENTS
• Gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as “gas”,
“teardrops”.

ALCOHOL
• The king of all drugs with potential for abuse.
• Most widely used, socially accepted and most extensively
legalized drug throughout the world.
Depressants
PAREGORIC
• a tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly
used as a household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal pain.

DEMEROL
• is widely used as a painkiller in childbirth
STIMULANTS
Also known as “Uppers” Drugs which induce alertness,
wakefulness, elevated mood, increased speech, mental and
motor activity, relieve fatigue or boredom and decreased
appetite.

Drug that excite the central nervous system, increasing alertness,

decreasing fatigue, delaying sleep, also impale appetite and
cause weight loss.
STIMULANTS
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Shabu
• Ecstasy
STIMULANT
COCAINE
• The drug taken from the coca bush plant
Ertyroxylon/Erythroxylon Coca (the Sacred Tree)
understably called “snow” in the junkie jargon.
• It is one of the strongest short acting stimulants that only
lasts 15-20 minutes.
• Taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or
an intense feeling of “highness”.
• Street Name: COKE, CRACK, DUST, HEAVEN’s DUST,
STARDUST, WHITE GIRL, SPEED BALLS
Cocaine
➢Albert Newman, an Englishman, isolated the active ingredients
of the plant and named it cocaine.
➢The first medicinal use of cocaine was introduced by
Alexander Bennet as authentic agent.
The addictive property of cocaine was introduced in North
America as flavoring agent in drinks named Coca Cola but it was
later banned and revoked as flavoring agent.
STIMULANT
AMPHETAMINES
• Usually prescribed to reduce appetite and to relieve minor
cases of mental depression.
• This drug is representative of a broad class of stimulants known
as “pep pills”.
• Street Name: EYE OPENER, LID POPERS, UPPERS,
HEARTS
STIMULANT
SHABU/ “POOR MAN’S COCAINE”
• chemically known as methamphetamine.
• It is a CNS stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed”. It is
white, colorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing
taste.
• It can be taken orally, inhaled (snorted), sniffed (chasing the
dragon) or injected.
• It is considered as the most abused stimulants in the
Philippines.
• Street Name: SHASHA. SPEED, SPLASH, UABS, S, ICE, SHA
Shabu
Ephedrine is the main ingredient causing brain damage.

Other ingredients
Toluene – used as chemical used for paints, adhesive etc.
Acetone – used as nail cleaner
Lithium Batteries – cancer causing component
Battery Acid – corrosive chemical
Drain Cleaner – liquid soap
Hydrochloric acid – muriatic acid
Chloroform – cancer causing solvent
Shabu

Nagai Nagayoshi
➢Isolation of ephedrine from Ephedra vulgaris in 1885. Nagai
recognized it to be the active component of the plant.
➢Synthesis of methamphetamine from ephedrine in 1893.
Akira Ogata
➢was the first to synthesized methamphetamine in a crystallized
form. Ogata blended the red phosphorus and ephedrine, which
is derived from an Asian herbal plant, to produce an
amphetamine that could be dissolved in water.
Effects of Shabu in the Brain
➢Dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of pleasure.
➢Dopamine is manufactured in nerve cell within the ventral
segmental and is released the frontal cortex. It appears that the
drug stimulates release of a dopamine in excess contributing to
the effect on the users.
Dopamine is the happy hormone that is responsible for attention,
motivation, and memory. Dopamine is also needed to regulate
the movements of the body. Dopamine is a happy hormone that
is stored in different parts of the brain such as the substantia
nigra or ventral tegmental area.
STIMULANT
METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE - (MDMA) -
“ECSTASY”
• It is a white, yellow or brown in color with a bitter taste and
comes in the form of a tablet, capsule or powder.
• Its tablet form comes in various designs and shapes hence it is
dubbed as “designer drugs”.
HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)
• natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs that produce reactions
such as perceptual alterations and changes in the state of
consciousness.
• They consist of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which distort
reality, thinking and perceptions of time, sound, space and
sensation.
Drugs that are derived from plants chemical substances which
affects the perception, sensation, behavior and produces
hallucination on the user.
HALLUCINOGENS
• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
• Mescaline
• Psilocybin
• Phencyclidine
• Marijuana
• Ketamine
HALLUCINOGENS
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
• Derived from the fungus claviceps purpurea - an ergot
fungus that grows on the ears of rye which infects wheat.
• It was discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman while working in a Swiss
Pharmaceutical company.
• Known on the street as “acid”, it is the best known and most
powerful hallucinogens.
• Street name: XTC, ADAM, ESSENCE, HERBALS, E.
• Ergotism – a strange burning sensations of the extremities of their
body
HALLUCINOGENS
MESCALINE
• Aka STP which stands for serenity- tranquility- peace- a drug
derived from the dried tops of the peyote cactus, a small
cactus native to Mexico.
• Street Name: CACTUS, BUTTONS, BEAN
Dr. Francisco Hernandez – was the first who made reports
about plant peyote. He was the first to describe the eating of
parts of Peyote Cactus and resulting visions and mental
changes.
HALLUCINOGENS
PSILOCYBIN
• hallucinogenic compound obtained in mushroom, psilocybe
Mexicana
• Street Name: MAGIC MUSHROOM
HALLUCINOGENS
Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP),
also known as angel dust among other names,
is a dissociative hallucinogenic drug used for its mind-altering
effects.
PCP may cause hallucinations, distorted perceptions of sounds,
and violent behavior.
As a recreational drug, it is typically smoked, but may be taken by
mouth, snorted, or injected. It may also be mixed with cannabis
or tobacco.
HALLUCINOGENS
MORNING GLORY SEEDS
The black and brown seeds of the wild tropical morning
glory that are used to produce hallucinations. The seeds are
ground into flour, soaked in cold water, then strained though a
cloth and drunk. They are sold under the names of “heavenly
blues”, “flying dancers’, and “pearly gates”. The active ingredient
in the seed is similar to LSD although less potent.
HALLUCINOGENS
KETAMINE
is an anesthetic that is abused for its hallucinogenic
properties. Its predominant legitimate use is as a veterinary
anesthetic.
-can cause dream-like states and hallucinations. Users
report sensations ranging from a pleasant feeling of floating to
being separated from their bodies. Some ketamine experiences
involve a terrifying feeling of almost complete sensory
detachment that is likened to a near-death experience.
 HALLUCINOGENS
Marijuana
Cannabis Sativa L.
It is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in the Philippines
because it can be grown extensively in the country. Many users
choose to smoke marijuana for relaxation in the same way people
drink beer or cocktail at the end of the day. The effects of marijuana
include a feeling of grandeur. It can also produce the opposite effect,
a dreamy sensation of time seeming to stretch out.
 COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
Drugs that are commonly abused depending on their
pharmacological effects may be classified into:
1. Sedatives – drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as
barbiturates, non-barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.
2. Stimulants – drugs which increase alertness and activity such as
amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine.
3. Hallucinogens/Psychedelics – drugs which affect sensation,
thinking, self-awareness and emotion. Changes in time and space
perception, delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations) may be mild
or overwhelming, dispensing on dose and quality of the drug. This
includes LSD, mescaline and marijuana.
4. Narcotics – drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. The
opiates, which are narcotics, include opium and drugs derived from
opium, such as morphine, codeine and heroin.
FIELD TEST FOR DANGEROUS DRUGS
THE PHILIPPINE ANTI DRUG EFFORTS
➢On February 16, 1972, Philippine Constabulary Anti Narcotics
Unit was activated (CANU).
➢On March 30, 1972, Republic Act 6425 otherwise known as
the ‘Dangerous Drug Act of 1972” was approved.
➢This law created the Dangerous Drug Board as the policy-
making and regulatory body on prevention and control of drug
abuse. RA 6425 serves as the backbone of the Philippine drug
enforcement system.
➢January 3, 1973, President Ferdinand E. Marcos ordered the
immediate execution of Chinese national Lim Seng alias Gan
Sou So, top heroin trafficker in the Philippines, by firing squad
at the Fort Bonifacio grounds.
➢The execution was aired live in television.
➢CANU was renamed as AFP NARCOM on February 1, 1983
➢AFP NARCOM functions were absorbed by PNP Narcotics
Group in 1991
 RA 9165
(COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF 2002)

❑Signed June 7, 2002

❑Published June 19, 2002

❑Took effect July 4, 2002

❑PDEA was created upon enactment of RA 9165 in 2002
RA 6425 versus RA 9165
With the creation of PDEA….

the secretariat of the National Drug Law Enforcement and

Prevention Coordinating Center or DEP Center has been
absorbed by the new agency
✓Narcotics Group of the PNP;
✓Narcotics Division of the NBI; and
✓Narcotics Interdiction Unit of the Bureau of Customs have been
abolished
 EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 218
“Strengthening the support mechanism for the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency”
➢issued on June 18, 2003 by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
➢Creation of Task Forces: The Office of the President, the PNP, and
other agencies which were performing drug law enforcement and
prevention function prior to the enactment of RA 9165 shall organize
anti-drug forces to support the PDEA.
➢The PDEA shall exercise operational supervision and provide
technical support to the main task force created by the PNP.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Administer – Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the
body of any person, with or without his/her knowledge, by
injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of committing
any act of indispensable assistance to a person in administering
a dangerous drug to himself/herself unless administered by a
duly licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
• Chemical Diversion – The sale, distribution, supply or
transport of legitimately imported, in-transit, manufactured or
procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals, in
diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person or entity
engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall
include packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling or
concealment of such transaction through fraud, destruction of
documents, fraudulent use of permits, misdeclaration, use of
front companies or mail fraud.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Confirmatory Test – An analytical test using a device, tool or
equipment with a different chemical or physical principle that is
more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the
screening test.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Controlled Delivery – The investigative technique of allowing an
unlawful or suspect consignment of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, equipment or
paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived directly or
indirectly from any offense, to pass into, through or out of the
country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with a view
to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any
dangerous drugs related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of
that offense.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals – Include
those listed in Tables I and II of the 1988 UN Convention Against
Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances as
enumerated in the attached annex, which is an integral part of
this Act.
Cultivate or Culture – Any act of knowingly planting, growing,
raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any plant
which is the source of a dangerous drug.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Deliver – Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to
another, personally or otherwise, and by any means, with or
without consideration.
Den, Dive or Resort – A place where any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical is administered,
delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or used in
any form.
Dispense – Any act of giving away, selling or distributing
medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of
prescription.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Drug Syndicate – Any organized group of two (2) or more
persons forming or joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed under this Act.
Employee of Den, Dive or Resort – The caretaker, helper,
watchman, lookout, and other persons working in the den, dive or
resort, employed by the maintainer, owner and/or operator where
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used,
with or without compensation, in connection with the operation
thereof.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Financier – Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money
for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed under
this Act.
Illegal Trafficking – The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery,
administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading,
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and
possession of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical.
Instrument – Any thing that is used in or intended to be used in
any manner in the commission of illegal drug trafficking or related
offenses.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Laboratory Equipment – The paraphernalia, apparatus,
materials or appliances when used, intended for use or designed
for use in the manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, such as reaction
vessel, preparative/purifying equipment, fermentors, separatory
funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas generator, or their substitute.
 Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Manufacture – The production, preparation, compounding or
processing of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, either directly or indirectly or by extraction from
substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical
synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis,
and shall include any packaging or repackaging of such substances,
design or configuration of its form, or labeling or relabeling of its
container; except that such terms do not include the preparation,
compounding, packaging or labeling of a drug or other substances
by a duly authorized practitioner as an incident to his/her
administration or dispensation of such drug or substance in the
course of his/her professional practice including research, teaching
and chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or such substances that
are not intended for sale or for any other purpose.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Planting of Evidence – The willful act by any person of
maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or
attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act,
whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical in the person, house, effects or
in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose
of implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any
violation of this Act.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Protector/Coddler – Any person who knowingly and willfully
consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this Act and uses
his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring,
screening or facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows,
or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has
violated the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest,
prosecution and conviction of the violator.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Pusher – Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses,
delivers or gives away to another, on any terms whatsoever, or
distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or
who acts as a broker in any of such transactions, in violation of
this Act.
Screening Test – A rapid test performed to establish
potential/presumptive positive result.
Sell – Any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for money or
any other consideration.
Definition of terms
(Art. I, Sec. 3, RA 9165)
Trading – Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of
dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals using electronic devices such as, but not limited to,
text messages, email, mobile or landlines, two-way radios,
internet, instant messengers and chat rooms or acting as a
broker in any of such transactions whether for money or any
other consideration in violation of this Act.
Use – Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of
consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating,
swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing into the
physiological system of the body, and of the dangerous drugs.
 PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY (PDEA)
➢A law enforcement agency
➢Lead agency on the government’s anti-drug campaign
➢Responsible for efficient and effective law enforcement of all
provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemicals
➢Serves as the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drug Board
(DDB).
➢Responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the
provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical as provided in RA 9165.
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY (PDEA) COMPOSITION
Headed by Director General with the rank of Undersecretary,
appointed by the President.

The head of the PDEA is assisted by 2 deputies Director

General, with the rank of Assistant Secretary, 1 for
Operations and 1 for Administration, also appointed by the
President.
PDEA Academy – shall be established either in Baguio or Tagaytay, and
in such other places as may be necessary.
• responsible in the recruitment and training of all PDEA agents and
personnel
• Recruits must be at least 21 years of age, with proven integrity and
honesty and a Baccalaureate degree holder.
• The graduates of the Academy shall later comprise the operating
units of the PDEA after the termination of the transition period of five
years during which all the intelligence network and standard
operating procedure of the PDEA has been set up and
operationalized.
The Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent, with the rank of
Director. He /she shall be appointed by the PDEA Director General.
 TRANSFER, ABSORPTION AND
INTEGRATION OF ALL OPERATING
UNIT INTO PDEA

Note: personnel absorbed and on detail service shall be given

until 5 years to finally decide to join the PDEA.
DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD (DDB)
➢Created by virtue of Republic Act 6425 otherwise known as
Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 subsequently repealed by RA
9165.
➢the policy-making & strategy-formulating body in the planning &
formulation of policies & programs on drug prevention & control.
➢It shall develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified
and balanced national drug abuse prevention and control
strategy.
DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD (DDB)

DDB composed of 17 members wherein 3 of which are

permanent members, the other 12 members are ex- officio
capacity and 2 regular members.
THREE (3) PERMANENT MEMBERS
➢At least 7 years of training and experience in the field of the
ff: fields in law, medicine, criminology, psychology or social
work.
➢Appointed by the President.
➢One designated as the Chairman with the rank of Secretary
(with the term of 6 years) and the two other regular members
as undersecretary (one with 4 years term and the other 2
years but succeeding appointment will serve six years and
until their successors shall have been duly appointed and
qualified.
TWELVE (12) EX- OFFICIO MEMBERS
Secretary or representative of the following Department:
- DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG, DSWD, DFA, DepEd,
- Chairman CHED, NYC
- Director General - PDEA
TWO (2) REGULAR MEMBERS
➢President of Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP).
➢Chairman or President of a non- government organization
involved in dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by the
President.
Permanent consultant
➢Director of NBI
➢Chief, PNP / Police General
 CUSTODY AND DISPOSITION OF
CONFISCATED, SEIZED, AND/OR
DRUGS (SEC. 21)(RA 10640)
The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the
drugs shall, immediately after seizure and confiscation, physically
inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the
accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated
and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a
representative from the media and the Department of Justice
(DOJ), and any elected public official who shall be required to
sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof
 CUSTODY AND DISPOSITION OF
CONFISCATED, SEIZED, AND/OR
DRUGS (SEC. 21)(RA 10640)
24 hours - upon confiscation or seizure, quantitative or
qualitative examination
24 hours -Certification of Examination results if the volume can't
be completed within the time frame extended for another 24
hours.
72 hours - after filling of criminal case, court shall conduct ocular
inspection.
24 hours- order of destruction
 PLEA-BARGAINING PROVISION (SEC. 23)
Any person charged under any provision of this Act regardless of
the imposable penalty shall NOT be allowed to avail of the provision
on plea-bargaining.
Is plea bargaining allowed in drug cases?
Yes, in the landmark case of Salvador Estipona vs. Judge
Lobrigo (En Banc), G.R. No. 226679, August 15, 2017, the Supreme
Court declared Sec. 23 of RA 9165 prohibiting plea bargaining in
drug cases to be unconstitutional. "A.M. No. 18-03-16-SC (Adoption
of the Plea Bargaining Framework in Drugs Cases). - On August 15,
2017, an En Banc Decision in G.R. No. 226679 — Salvador
Estipona, Jr. vs. Hon. Frank E. Lobrigo was rendered whereby
Section 23 of Republic Act No. 9165, or the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, was declared unconstitutional for
being contrary to the rule-making authority of the Supreme Court
under Section 5 (5), Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution
PLANTING OF EVIDENCE (SEC. 29)
ANY PERSON who is found guilty of "planting" any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
regardless of quantity and purity, shall suffer the penalty of
DEATH. (Life Imprisonment)
AUTHORIZED DRUG TESTING
Authorized drug testing shall be done by any government
forensic laboratory or by any of the drug testing accredited and
monitored by the DOH to safeguard the quality of test results.
• The drug testing shall employ, among others, two (2) testing
methods.
• Drug test certificates issued by accredited drug testing centers
shall be valid for a one year period from the date of issue which
may be used for other purposes.
REPUBLIC ACT 9165
Possession of Dangerous Drugs
➢Possession of Dangerous Drugs regardless of purity- penalty
provided life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00)
✓10 grams or more of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine
hydrochloride, marijuana resin or oil, and other dangerous drugs,
✓50 grams or more of shabu
✓500 grams or more of marijuana
➢Penalty-Life imprisonment and fine ranging from Php
400,000.00 to Php 500,000.00
✓If the quantity of shabu is ten (10) grams but not more than 50 grams
➢Penalty- Imprisonment of 20 years and 1 day to life
imprisonment and fine ranging from Php 400,000.00 to Php
500,000.00
✓If 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of any Dangerous Drugs
✓300 grams or more of marijuana but less than 500 grams
➢Penalty- imprisonment of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a
fine ranging from Php 300,000.00 to Php 400,000.00
✓If the quantity of dangerous drugs are less than 5 grams.
✓If the quantity of Marijuana is less than 300 grams.
 Sec 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs
➢A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for
use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed
a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months but not exceeds one
year rehabilitation in a government center for the first offense.
➢If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time,
he/she shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6)
years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from
Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall not be applicable
where the person tested is also found to have in his/her
possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for under
Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions stated
therein shall apply.
Sec 16. Cultivation of plants classified as
source of dangerous drugs Penalty
➢Life imprisonment and fine ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00)
➢Penalty of 12 years and 1 day to 20 years of imprisonment and
a fine ranging from P100,000.00 to P500,000.00 shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a “protector/coddler of
any violator of the provisions of Sec. 16…..
 Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of
Dangerous Drugs
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one
(1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00)
and the additional penalty of the revocation of his/her license to
practice shall be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall prescribe
any dangerous drug to any person whose physical or physiological
condition does not require the use or in the dosage prescribed therein,
as determined by the Board in consultation with recognized competent
experts who are authorized representatives of professional
organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are involved in the
care of persons with severe pain.
Section 19. Unlawful Prescription of
Dangerous Drugs.
The penalty of life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a prescription
or any other writing purporting to be a prescription for any
dangerous drug.
Dangerous Drug Test Requirements
1. Applicants for drivers license (TINANGGAL NA)
2. Applicants for Firearms license & PTCFOR
3. Members of the PNP, AFP, & other LEA
4. All persons charged with criminal offense with penalty of not
less than 6 years. (UNCONSTITUTIONAL)
5. All candidates for public office national/ local
(UNCONSTITUTIONAL)
The following shall undergo random drug
testing:

1. Students of secondary and tertiary schools;

2. Officers and employees of public & private offices.

LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF
APPREHENDED OFFENDERS (SEC. 38)
If the apprehending or arresting officer has reasonable ground to
believe that the person apprehended or arrested, on account of
physical signs or symptoms or other visible or outward
manifestation is under the influence of dangerous drugs.
A. 24 hours subject to screening laboratory examination
B.15 days- results of the screening laboratory examination or
test shall be challenged after receipt of the result through a
confirmatory test
JURISDICTION OVER DANGEROUS
DRUG CASES
The Supreme Court shall designate special courts from among
the existing RTC in each judicial region to exclusively try and
hear cases involving violation of RA 9165.
The DOJ shall designate special prosecutors to exclusively
handle cases involving violation of RA 9165.
APPLICATION FOR PROBATION
NOTE: As a General Rule Violations of RA 9165 shall disqualify an
offender to avail of the benefits of PD 968, as amended
EXCEPT:
Section 12. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and
Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs.
Section 14. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and
Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings.
Section 17. Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of
Transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals
Section 70. Probation or Community Service for a First-Time Minor
Offender in Lieu of Imprisonment
PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN
VIOLATION OF RA 9165
Regional Trial Court (RTC)- Holds the Jurisdiction of Violations of RA
9165
30 days- Conduct of Preliminary Investigation
24 hours-filling of information
48 hours- Filling of information of the MTC judge who conduct Pl to
the proper prosecutor.
15 days-Termination of the reinvestigation when prosecutor disagree
to the MTC judge.
60 days- Trial period of the case
15 days- Decision shall be rendered 15 days- If no appeal was taken
the decision shall become final.
Responsibility and liability of law enforcement
agencies in testifying as Prosecution Witness
in Dangerous Drug Cases

➢Penalty- 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine of not less

than Php 500,000.00 in addition to the administrative liability.
➢For any members of law enforcement agency who, after due
notice, fails or refuses intentionally or negligently to appear as a
witness for prosecution.
Section 92. Delay and Bungling in the
Prosecution of Drug Cases
Any government officer or employee tasked with the prosecution
of drug-related cases under this act, who, through patent laxity,
inexcusable neglect, unreasonable delay or deliberately causes
the unsuccessful prosecution and/or dismissal of the said drug
cases, shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from
twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years without
prejudice to his/her prosecution under the pertinent
provisions of the Revised Penal Code.
The Unlawful Acts Punishable by Death
Penalty (Prior to the abolition of Death
Penalty)
• Importation or bringing into the Philippines of dangerous drugs using
diplomatic passport or facilities or any means involving his/her official
status to facilitate unlawful entry of the same (sec 4, Art II).
• Upon any person who organizes, manages or acts as “financiers” of
any of the activities involving dangerous drugs (sec 4, 5, 6, 8 Art II).
• Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution
and transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors
and Essential Chemicals with in 100 meters from the school (sec 5,
Art II).
• Drugs pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals
as runners, couriers and messengers or in any other capacity
directly connected to the dangerous drug trade (sec 5, Art II).
• If the victim of the offense is a minor or mentally incapacitated
individual, or should a dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemical involved in the offense be
the proximate cause of death of the victim (sec 5, Art II).
• When dangerous drug is administered, delivered or sold to a
minor who is allowed to use the same in such a place (sec 6,
Art II).
• Upon any person who uses a minor or mentally incapacitated
individual to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs (sec. 10, Art II).
• Possession of dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 13), and Possession of
Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings
(sec. 14
 Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
Precursors and Essential Chemicals. (Section 8)
The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or
laboratory equipment in the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie
proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug. It shall be considered an
aggravating circumstance if the clandestine laboratory is undertaken
or established under the following circumstances:
(a) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence or
with the help of minor/s:
(b) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken within
one hundred (100) meters of a residential, business, church or school
premises;
(c) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps;
(d) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business
operations; or
(e) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public official or
foreigner.
Program for Treatment
and Rehabilitation of
Drug Dependents
➢A drug dependent or any person who violates Section 15 of this
Act may, by himself/herself or through his/her parent, spouse,
guardian or relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or
affinity, apply to the Board or for treatment and rehabilitation of
the drug dependency. The Board shall bring forth the matter to
the Court which shall order that the applicant be examined for
drug dependency.

➢If the examination by a DOH-accredited physician results in the

issuance of a certification that the applicant is a drug
dependent, he/she shall be ordered by the Court to undergo
treatment and rehabilitation in a Center designated by the
Board for a period of not less than six (6) months.
USE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
(Sec.15)
1st offense- minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a
government center

2nd offense- imprisonment ranging from 6 years and 1 day to 12

years and a fine ranging from 50K to 200K, provided did not
violated section 12
Temporary Release From the
Center; After-Care and
Follow-Up Treatment Under
the Voluntary Submission
Program.
Upon certification of the Center that the drug dependent within
the voluntary submission program may be temporarily released,
the Court shall order his/her release on condition that said drug
dependent shall report to the DOH for after-care and follow-
up treatment, including urine testing, for a period not exceeding
eighteen (18) months under such terms and conditions that the
Court may impose.
ANTI-DRUG DRIVES AND OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS
The Operational Plans (OPLANS) against the Drug Problem are:

Oplan Thunderbolt I –operation to create impact to the underworld

Oplan Thunderbolt II –operations to neutralize suspected illegal
drug laboratories
Oplan Thunderbolt III – Operations for the neutralization of big
time drug pushers’ drug dealers and drug lords.
Oplan Iceberg – Special operations team in selected drug prone
areas in order to get rid of illegal drug activities in the area.
Oplan Hunter – operations against suspected military and police
personnel who are engage in illegal drug activities.
Oplan Mercurion – Operations against drug stores, which are
violating existing regulations on the scale of regulated drugs in
coordination with the DDB, DOH and BFAD.
Oplan Tornado – Operations in drug notorious and high profile
places.
Oplan Greengold – nation wide MJ eradication operations in
coordination with the local governments and NGO’s.
Oplan Sagip-Yagit – A civic program initiated by NGO’s and local
government offices to help eradicate drug syndicates involving street
children as drug conduit.
Oplan Banat – the newest operational plan against drug abuse
focused in the barangay level in cooperation with barangay officials.
Oplan Athena – operation conducted to neutralize the 14k, the
Bamboo gang and other local organized crimes groups involved in
illegal drug trafficking.
Oplan Cyclops – operations against Chinese triad members
involved in the illegal drug operations particularly Methamphetamine
Hydrocloride
OPERATION “PRIVATE EYE”
A citizen based information collection project of PDEA launched
on June 26, 2001.
It aims to counter fear and apathy as hindrances to
citizenry participation in reporting illegal drug activities by
ensuring anonymity of the informant and giving monetary
rewards.
 National Anti-Drug Strategy & 4 Pillars of
Anti-Drug Campaign
Drug Supply Reduction Drive
Drug Demand Reduction Drive
Alternative Development/Reform Programs
International Cooperation
Drug Supply Reduction Drive

Reduce the supply of drugs

Drive the prices high and create acute shortage of drugs
Neutralize sources of drugs
Drug Demand Reduction Drive
Reduce the demand side of the drug chain
Concentrates on anti-drug advocacy efforts – public
information and treatment and rehabilitation
Targets non-users, casual drug users and
addicts/recovering persons
Alternative Development/Reform
Programs
Development/livelihood program
Education program
Family solidarity/development program
Good governance program
Legal reforms
International Cooperation
Neutralize transnational drug syndicates
Minimize drug trafficking to and from the country
Exchange of information and technologies
Multilateral, regional, sub-regional and bilateral assistance
and cooperation
NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR NO. 200003

Adopting Salient Provisions of PDEA Memorandum on the

preparation of pre-operation report and PNP-AIDSOTF
Memorandum Circular in the conduct of Anti-Illegal Drugs
Operations.
Pre-Operations
➢Operating Unit to submit to PDEA, the pre-operations report,
indicating details such identity, area of operation, composition,
tactics and equipment of the operating unit and duration of the
operation. Also includes the information on the suspect/s.
➢Certification of Coordination – prepared by PDEA given to the
operating unit which submitted a pre-operations report.
➢
Exemption of submission of Pre
Operations Report:
1. In remote places where coordination is not possible;
2. When coordination will compromise the lives of police
operatives, informant and witnesses, involved in anti-drug
operations;
3. When coordination will prejudice the apprehension of drug
suspects and confiscation of dangerous drugs;
4. When prior coordination will compromise the entire police
operation.
(In above instances, post coordination shall be made in lieu of prior
coordination).
Signatories to the Pre-Operation Report
- signed by the Team Leader.
Conduct of Operation
- Team shall be led by a police commissioned officers except
in far flung areas where there are no assigned PCOs.
- To have at least 1 female member operative who shall be
responsible for arresting and frisking female suspects and for
taking custody of children found in the place of operation.
 RULES ON NARCOTICS OPERATIONS
General Rules and Procedures:

• Only specially trained and competent drug enforcement personnel shall

conduct drug enforcement and prevention operations.
• All drug enforcement and prevention operations shall be covered by a
Pre-Operations report.
• All steps taken before, during, and after the conduct of the operation
must be documented and properly authenticated.
• Operating units shall promptly submit written a report after the
operation.
• No apprehendee or seized item shall be released without authorization
from the duly designated authority.
• All pieces of evidence confiscated will be deposited with the proper
Evidence Custodian for safekeeping and proper handling.
• Each participating element must be given clear and do-able task.
 BUY-BUST OPERATIONS
Concept: It is a form of entrapment employed by peace officers as
an effective way of apprehending a criminal in the act of the
commission of the offense. Entrapment has received judicial
sanction as long as it is carried with due regard to constitutional and
legal safeguards
Planning and Preparation: The operation must be preceded by an
intensive surveillance, casing, or other intelligence operations and
gathering, evaluation and timely dissemination. Intelligence must be
evidence-based and shall be supported by documents such as
summaries of info, maps, sketches, affidavits and sworn
statements.
 SEARCH FOR DRUG EVIDENCE WITH WARRANT
Concept: A search warrant is an order in writing issued in the name of the
People of the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to a peace
officer, commanding him to search for personal property described therein
and bring it before the court. (Sec. 1, Rule 126, Revised Rules of Court)

Planning and Preparation:

• Prior to the procurement of search warrant, intensive intelligence data
gathering must be undertaken, evidence-based and supported by
credible documents.
• Conduct of surveillance, casing, and other intelligence operations.
• Identification, movement, activities and location of suspects should be
established.
• Search warrant shall be applied with competent court
• Conduct of Operation
• Submission of reports
MARIJUANA ERADICATION
Concept: Marijuana eradication involves the location and destruction
of marijuana plantations, including the identification, arrest and
prosecution of the planter, owner or cultivator, and the escheating of
the land where the plantations are located.

Planning and Preparation: The planning and operation shall be

preceded by intelligence gathering to verify the existence of marijuana
plantation and the existence to be supported by documentary
evidence such as summary of information, maps, sketches,
photographs and others. The intelligence gathering must be
appropriately documented by pre-operations orders and after-casing
reports.
MARIJUANA ERADICATION
Conduct of Operation:
• Briefing, rehearsals, and proper formations.
• Exact location of the plantation must be established.
• Identify owner of the land or the cultivators.
• Coordination with other operating units in the area.
• Barangay eradication team should be organized.
• Strict compliance with SOPs under Rules of Opns
MOBILE CHECKPOINT OPERATIONS
Concept: No other forms of checkpoints other than mobile
checkpoints are authorized for drug enforcement and prevention
operations. They shall be established only in conjunction with on-going
operations/situation or when there is a need to arrest a criminal.

Planning and Operation: Intensive intelligence gathering supported

by credible documents, with proper pre-operations orders and after
surveillance or after casing reports.

Conduct of Operations shall be in consonance with the existing

SOPs on checkpoint operations.
AIRPORT AND SEAPORT INTERDICTION
Concept: Airport and seaport interdiction involves the conduct of
surveillance, interception and interdiction of persons and evidence during
travel by air or sea vessels.

Planning and Operation: Intensive intelligence gathering supported by

credible documents, with proper pre-operations orders and after
surveillance or after casing reports.

Conduct of Operations
• Coordination with airport and seaport authorities.
• Operations shall be in consonance with the existing SOPs on airport
and seaport checks/operations
 UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS
Concept: Undercover operation is an investigative technique in which the
personnel involve assumes different identities in order to obtain the
necessary information. This technique may also be considered as a
method of surveillance.

Planning and Operation: Undercover operations shall be resorted to only

under circumstances where evidence can be hardly obtained in an open
investigation or when an open investigation is unsuccessful.

Conduct of Operations
• Proper briefing and rehearsals.
• Identification of effective cover and undercover.
• Buy-bust or search with warrant operations.
• Operations shall be in consonance with the existing SOPs on
Undercover operations.
 THE TREATMENT AND REHABILTITATION
APPROACH
Treatment - the medical service rendered to a client for the effective
management of physical and mental conditions related to drug abuse.
Detoxification - it is a medically supervised elimination of drugs
from the system of any addicted person.

Methods of Detoxification includes:

• Cold Turkey
• Substitution – the use of methodex, catapres, haemasin,
dextropropoxyphene, tranquilizer, etc.
• Reduction Method – using the same drug to which the patient is
dependent. The process could be gradual or rapid.
• Acupuncture
Rehabilitation - the dynamic process directed towards the physical,
emotional/psychological, vocational, social and spiritual change to prepare a person
for the fullest life compatible with his capabilities and potentialities, and render him
able to become a law abiding and productive member of the community without
abusing drugs.
Methods of Rehabilitation
Psychotherapeutic Methods (Individual and Group Therapy)
The Spiritual and Religious Means
The Follow-up and After – Care
The process of rehabilitation does not end upon the release or discharge of
client from a center. After his discharge, he has to undergo follow-up and after-care
services for a period of not more than 18 months by the appropriate center
personnel. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the
National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) are deputized agents of the board to
handle this.
DRUG MULES or “DRUG COURIERS”
➢Are individuals who transport dangerous drugs in exchange for
a huge amount of money, depending on the amount of drugs to
be delivered and the route/distance to be traveled.
➢Women are usually targeted by syndicates since they generally
generate mild suspicion from authorities and the female body
has more cavities possible to insert the drugs in, therefore
posing less detection risk.
➢
Methods of Concealment
1. Hidden in luggage/suitcases;
2. Ingestion/Swallowing;
3. Placed in shoes;
4. Placed in bottom part of luggage;
5. Placed inside handbag;
6. Others- Undergoing minor operation, placing in shoeboxes/
books/bottles/parcels, etc.
Factors contributing to the drug courier
problem
1. Filipinos are usually enticed by the offer because of the
syndicates’ promise of love/marriage, as have been recorded in
several arrests involving Filipina drug couriers. Others are lured
by the opportunity to travel and the promise of a comfortable life
while others want a high-paying job and easy money.
2. The drug courier problem can also be attributed to the (1) The
prevalence of poverty, (2) Poor educational background, (3) Easy
money, (4) Unemployment and 95) the idea of traveling
The Task Force Drug Couriers
was created on February 08, 2010 by virtue of Administrative
Order No. 279. It is an inter-agency team tasked in the
deterrence, prevention and protection of Filipinos from being
victimized as drug couriers by international drug trafficking
syndicates.
 The Task Force Drug Couriers
chaired by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and co-chaired
by the Department of Foreign Affairs with the following agencies as
members

1. Bureau of Customs 7. National Bureau of Investigation

2. Bureau of Immigration
3. Commission on Higher Education
4. Department of Justice
5. Department of Labor and
Employment
6. Manila International Airport Authority
8. Philippine Information Agency
9. Philippine National Police –
Aviation Security Group
10. Tourism Infrastructure and
Enterprise Zone Authority (formerly
Philippine Tourism Authority)
11. Office of the President thru the
Office of the Executive Secretary
MODUS OPERANDI of ADS
➢Couriers are usually recruited by casual acquaintances they
meet in key cities here or abroad, mostly fellow Filipinos
connected to drug syndicates like the African Drug Syndicate
(ADS), offering plane tickets, hotel accommodation and huge
amounts of money.
➢In some instances, members of syndicates befriend/marry
potential recruit then later turn him/her into a courier or cohort.
On the other hand, unwitting victims were duped by
acquaintances into carrying packages in exchange for money,
not knowing that drugs were placed inside.
➢Couriers may also be recruited through the internet and social
networking sites like Facebook, MySpace, Tagged, etc.
Syndicates also engage in travel & tours businesses/agencies
to arrange airline and hotel bookings of the couriers and use
fraudulent documents/fake credit cards.
➢The ADS is believed to be behind the alarming increase of
Filipino drug couriers arrested abroad. They deliver drugs to
their connections in different points around the world by
employing drug couriers to prevent the risk of getting caught
themselves. They also use Filipinos as cohorts to recruit fellow
OFWs.
GATEWAY DRUGS
TOBACCO (Cigarettes) and Alcohol are “gateway” drugs. No
Child and or adolescent ever smoke marihuana without learning
how to inhale tobacco smoke first. Ask a drug abuser whether or
not they started with alcohol, or cigarette; the answer is always
“YES”.
TOBACCO
• the tobacco plant is scientifically known as NICOTIANA
TABACUM, is a plant grown for its leave that is smoked,
chewed or sniffed fo a variety of effects.
• it is considered addictive because it contains the addictive
chemical NICOTINE.
Global Production
Every year 6.7 million tons of tobacco are produced throughout
the world. The top producers of tobacco are China (39.6%),
India (8.3%), Brazil (7.0%) and the United States (4.6%)
• Sniffing and chewing of tobacco originated in North america and
Europe.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• - introduce tobacco in Europe
Tobacco chemicals:

NICOTINE- the most important active ingredient in controlled

doses. Extremely toxic substance, a typical cigarette contains 1-
2 mg of nicotine. When smoked, less than 1 mg of it is filtered or
not depending on the characteristics of filter, depth of frequency
of inhalation and length of the butt.
Tobacco Chemicals
. CARBON MONOXIDE- a poisonous gas similar to a car's
exhaust pipe. it impairs the capacity of the blood to supply
adequate amount of oxygen to the vital organs of the body. It is
responsible for the shortest of breath among smokers.
C. TAR- the brownish substance known to be the cancer
component of tobacco smoking. It also stains the fingers, teeth
and tounge of the smoker. along with other substance of
cigarette, it can lead to lung cancer and chronic bronchitis.
Other components of cigarettes
Benzene – a solvent used in fuel and chemical manufacturing
Formaldehyde – a very poisonous liquid that is used to preserve
dead bodies
Ammonia – a chemical found in cleaning fluids
Hydrogen Cyanide – a poison used as a fumigant to kill ants. It
also used to manufacture plastics, dyes, and pesticides.
Cadmium – an extremely poisonous and radioactive metal found
in batteries
Acetone – a corrosive liquid solvent found in nail polish remover
Arsenic – another ingredient in rat poison
ALCOHOL
Alcohol is colorless, tasteless clear liquid, which gives a burning
sensation to the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Like many drugs, alcohol is
toxic. It can poison the human body if taken in large amounts or in combination
with other drugs. Alcohol is a depressant not stimulant.
Alcohol is one of the oldest itoxicant
known to man . it is a colorless, tasteless
clear liquid and it boils at 78.4 degrees
celsius.
2 kinds of alcohol:
• METHYL ALCOHOL- is very poisonous and is not put in drinks
but is used in some industries.

• ETHYL ALCOHOL- is used in alcoholic drinks . the

fermentation occurs when the germs called yeast act on sugar
and produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
 Types of Drinkers
1. Occasional Drinker – drinks on special occasions or uses alcohol as a home
remedy, takes only a few drinks per year.
2. Frequent Drinker – drinks at parties and social affairs. Intake of alcohol may be
once a week or occasionally reaches three or four times per week, uses
beverages to release inhibitions and tensions.
3. Regular Drinker – may drink daily or consistently on weekends, usually comes
from cultural background where wine or beer is used with meals to enhance the
flavor of the food.
4. Alcohol Dependent – drinks to have good time, excessive drinking occurs
occasionally but drinker may not become alcoholic.
5. Alcoholic – has lost control of his use of alcohol. Alcohol assumes primary goal
in his life, even to the exclusion of physical health and interests of family and
society in general.
 Degree of Intoxication
Slight Inebriation - Degree of intoxication where there is a reddening of the
face. There is no sign of mental impairment and difficulty of speech.
Moderate Inebriation - The person is argumentative and overconfident.
There is a slight impairment of mental difficulties, difficulty of articulation, and
lesser coordination of fine movements.
Drunk - The mind is confused, behavior is irregular and the movement is
uncontrolled. The speech is thick and the behavior is uncontrollable
Very Drunk - Degree of intoxication where the mind is confused and
disoriented.
Coma - The subject is stupor or in comatose condition. Sometimes it is difficult to
differentiate this condition with other conditions having comma.
KINDS OF INTOXICATION
• Involuntary – when a drunken person does not know the
intoxicating strength of beverage he has taken.
• Intentional – when a person deliberately drinks liquor fully
knowing its effects, either to obtain mitigation or to find the
liquor as stimulant to commit crime.
• Habitual – when the person finds that drinking is a constant
necessary and the vice ultimately takes hold of him.
ALCOHOLIC
A person who has experienced physical, psychological, social or
occupational impairment as consequence of habitual, excessive
consumption of alcohol.

DRUNKARD
A person who habitually takes or use any intoxicating alcohol
liquor and while under the influence of such, or in consequence
of the effect thereof, is either dangerous to himself or to others.
Motives for Drinking
1. Traditional – social and religious functions.
2. Status – symbol of success and prestige.
3. Dietary – dining incomplete without wine, integral part of today’s way of
“gracious living”.
4. Social – release tensions and inhibitions so user can tolerate and enjoy
another’s company.
5. Shortcut to Adulthood – user unsure of maturity, drinks to prove himself.
6. Ritual – fosters group feeling, cocktail parties, toasts made to brides, wishes
for good health.
7. Path of least Resistance - doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t want to abstain
so goes along with everyone else.
DRUNKNESS AS A CRIME
• In the Philippines, drunkenness in itself is not a crime because
a person may drink to excess in the privacy of his home or in
the party and commit no crime at all.
• It is only when a drunken person exhibits his condition publicly,
or disturbs, endangers, or injured others, that he became an
offender and therefore, subject to arrest and punishment.
• Before and during elections, it is unlawful to sell or drink
intoxicating liquor, as provided in the election law.
• Under RA 4136, as amended, driving under the influence of
liquor is prohibited.
 • Under Article 15 of the Revised Penal Code, intoxication is
considered as Alternative Circumstances.
• It is considered a mitigating circumstance when the offender
has committed a felony in a state of intoxication, if the same is
not habitual.
• It is considered an aggravating circumstance, when the
intoxication is habitual or intentional.
FORMS OF CHEMICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC TESTS OF INTOXICATION
• Analysis of blood for alcohol contents
• Analysis of urine for alcohol contents
• Analysis of saliva for alcohol contents
• Analysis of breath to determine concentration of alcohol
• Analysis of body tissue and spinal fluid
THE BLOOD-ALCOHOL TEST
• If there is 0.05 percent or less by weight of alcohol in a person’s
blood, it shall be presumed that he is not under the influence of
intoxicating liquor.
• If there is 0.15 percent or more by weight of alcohol in a
person’s blood, it shall be presumed that he is under the
influence of intoxicating liquor.
METHODS OF THERAPY ON
ALCOHOLISM
The Aversion Treatment
• This treatment seeks to create an aversion from alcohol by the
administration of a Nauseating drug to be followed by a drink of
liquor, and thus develops a dislike of alcohol.
• The method maybe rather costly since hospitalization maybe
required.
• Moreover, the effect is not always lasting and treatment must be
repeated.
• Yet, it is said that this method has proven effective in more than
half of the cases.
The Psychotherapy Method
• This cure depends upon showing that the real problem of the
alcoholic is not the Alcohol itself but the emotional problem that
led the alcoholics to drink.
• This method therefore, aims to eliminate these emotional
tensions.
• Through therapeutic interviews, it undertakes to make the
alcoholics aware of why he drinks and to provide him with the
strength necessary to combat his problems.
The Program of Alcoholics Anonymous
• This method is based on conversion and fellowship.
• It emphasizes that alcoholics understand alcoholism better than
anyone else
• Man is dependent upon God and must turn to Him for help; that
the alcoholic must sincerely desire to stop drinking
• He must admit that he is an alcoholic and cannot drink in
moderation.
Vice
is any immoral conduct or habit, the indulgence of which leads to
depravity, wickedness and corruption of the minds and the body.

Different Forms of Vices:

1) Drug addiction
2) Alcoholism
3) Prostitution
4) Gambling
PROSTITUTION
-act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in
return for payment.
-is the exchange of money for the performance of sexual act.
White Slavery -The procurement and transportation of women
cross stateliness for immoral purposes.
PROSTITUTE
-Customarily used, to refer to a female person who engages in sex in
exchange for money as profession.
PHILANDERING
-Is having casual/illicit sex with a number of people.
-It usually refers to men, and often in the context of cheating on a wife or
girlfriend.
TO PHILANDER
-Is to carry on romantic and/or sexual affairs outside a committed relationship
PHILANDER
-Is a serial cheater who betrays his spouse or long term partner repeatedly;
-The term usually refers to men (obviously, women have also been known to
carry on affairs).
• Prostitute - A woman who engage in discriminate sexual
intercourse or acts with males for hire.
• Pimp - One who provides gratification for the lust of others.
• Operator or Maintainer – one who owns or manages houses
of ill-refute where the business of prostitution is conducted.
Sometimes they are called “madame or mama san”.
• Whores/Knocker - It is a name often used for all types of
prostitute.
CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION
• Poor social background and personality handicaps are some of
the basis for drift into prostitution.
• Previous sexual experience, mostly unfortunate and in or out of
wedlock.
• Contact with persons in or on the fringe of the business of
prostitution.
• Love for money and luxury on the part of the prostitute.
• Lack of restraining check from neighbors, social environments
and laxity of social control much as the agency for religious
training and reforms.
• The influence of contraceptives and preventive treatment for
venereal diseases.
• Efforts to support another vices such as drug addiction or
alcoholism.
• For the unwilling prostitutes, they are victims of white slave
traffic such as kidnapping, keeping them under physical
restraint, forcible abduction of women and victims of crime
against chastity.
• The indifference of law enforcement authorities in safeguarding
the virtues of women and lack of courage of the victim of white
slave trade to pursue the prosecution of cases they filed against
the perpetrators.
• Social causes of prostitution such as: broken families,
anonymity of city life, and poverty and other
TYPES OF PROSTITUTES ON THE
BASIS OF OPERATION
CALL GIRLS
• These are the part-time prostitutes.
• They have their own legitimate work or profession but works as a
prostitutes to supplement their income. Sometimes they are tellers,
sales-ladies of department stores, waitresses, beauticians, or
engage in similar jobs that they use to make contacts with
customers.
• They receive telephone calls from a selected group of customers
and make arrangements to meet them at a designated place.
• She may work alone or in partnership with an intermediary with
whom she shares her earnings.
HUSTLER
• Professional type of prostitutes.
• She maybe a bar or tavern “pick-up” or a “street walker”.
• The bar or tavern “pick-up” frequents places where liquor is
sold, sometimes operating with the consent and knowledge of
the management.
• The streetwalker is the oldest and the most common type of
prostitute.
• She may work with taxi-drivers and commits prostitution in a
taxi-cab. Her common customers are the tourists, gamblers,
criminals, Addicts and others.
• Their operation is oftentimes associated with swindling their
customers.
DOOR KNOCKER
• This is the occasional or selective type of prostitute.
• She is usually a newcomer in the business Oftentimes, they are
motivated by extreme Desire for money due to poverty or
supporting their other vices.
• She makes contact thru information coming from the
professional and hustler who are friends who gives her
addresses of prospective customers
FACTORY GIRLS

• Are the real professional type of prostitutes.

• She works in regular houses of prostitution or brothels.
• She accepts all comers and has nothing to do with the selecting
and soliciting the customers.
• She works in regular hours or tour of duty under the direct
supervision of the madam or operator of the prostitution house.
• She gets her share of the earnings by commission or per
customers.
TYPES OF PROSTITUTION HOUSES
DISORDERLY HOUSES
• A “madam” or “maintainer” supervises the operation supported
by a staff of teller (cashier), bell or room boys, register clerks,
watchmen, pimps and security guards known as bouncer.
• Their operation appears to be a legitimate business entity
mostly under the protection of crooked policemen or law
enforcement authorities and their location is prominently known
to all their customers.
• They have number of small rooms with the prostitutes staying
there at where they wait for customers. At times, the house
provided with secret exits ready for escaping in case of police
raids.
FURNISHED ROOM HOUSE

• usually operated by an experienced “madam” who rent rooms to

legitimate roomers in order to maintain an appearance of
responsibility Purposely, the madam leaves several rooms not
rented to legitimate roomers for ready use of the prostitution.
• These prostitutes are mostly the call girls who make the room
their designated places in perpetrating their business.
• Their rent is on per customers basis or they maintain the rent
continuously but the prostitutes do not live there permanently
but elsewhere to maintain their anonymity and identity.
• These houses could be found mostly in flashy subdivision or
residential areas.
MASSAGE CLINICS
• These houses are operated under a licensed or permit issued
by the government but acts as a front for prostitution where the
act maybe done or as per arrangement.
• They operate with barbershops with manicurists or“attendants”
and “massagists” who while servicing their customers may
make contacts or the prostitutes or themselves.
• These prostitutes are sometimes the newcomers in the
business who do not earn much as attendants or massagists.
 CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF PROSTITUTION
THE SCHOOL OF REGULATORY CONTROL
• This method maintains the idea that we cannot do away with prostitution
unless we consider the problems and remove the causes of prostitution.
• The following regulatory policy has been adopted to provide the necessary
protection for the society.
• Segregation of brothels and soliciting to restricted districts.
• Public licensing of houses of prostitution
• Registration of prostitutes to protect them from the exploitation of white slave
trade
• Periodic medical examination of prostitutes and public health education.
• Legalization of the practice of prostitution under government supervision and
control to make it more realistic.
• That arrest of prostitutes be handled by non-police agencies but should
betaken care by social workers and medical men.
• Finally, the rehabilitation of prostitutes by providing them jobs and facilities to
earn a decent living.
 THE SCHOOL OF TOTAL REPRESSION

• This method believes that prostitution is both a crime and a vice

and therefore, should be repressed and totally prohibited.
• It maintains that chastity and continence should be the rule of
conduct for everybody and to allow prostitution would be to
assist immorality and white slave trade
• As to licensing of prostitution, this school of thought argues that
it invites men to enjoy promiscuity free and easy and without
fear of the law.
Republic Act No. 10158
➢Signed last March 27, 2012, amended Article 202 of the
Revised Penal Code removing vagrancy from the country's list
of crimes amid concerns it only targets the poor and the
disadvantaged.
➢Although the poor or homeless people can no longer be hauled
to jail for vagrancy, the new law continued to penalize women
engaged in prostitution.
➢RA 10158, defined prostitutes as "women who for money or
profit, habitually indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious
conduct."
Republic Act No. 10158
➢A person found guilty of prostitution is punished by imprisoned
from one to 30 days or a fine not exceeding P200.
➢In case of recidivism, they are punished by arresto mayor in its
medium period to prison correccional in its minimum period or a
fine ranging from P200 to P2,000, or both, depending on the
court.
➢With the enactment of the law, all pending vagrancy cases
meantime shall be dismissed and all persons serving sentence
for violating the vagrancy law shall immediately be released.
GAMBLING
it is a game of chance or scheme the result of which
depends wholly or chiefly upon the chance or hazards
CHANCE OR HAZARDS
It is the uncertainty for the result or when the outcome of
the game is capable of calculation by human reason, foresight
capacity or design.
LOTTERY
It is a scheme for distribution of prizes by chance among
who have paid or agreed to pay a valuable consideration for the
chance to obtain a prize.
MAINTAINER
Is the person who sets up/furnishes the means with which to carry on the
gambling game
CONDUCTOR
Is the person who manages or carries the gambling game.
BANKER
Is the person who keeps the money from which the winner is to be paid
TOTALIZER
Is the machine for registering and indicating the number and nature of bets
made on horse races
WAGER
Is the bets made on horse races
PRIZE
An amount due to the winner
TOPADA
The illegal cockfighting conducted on a day on a cockpit not permitted by
law.
ILLEGAL NUMBERS GAME
-Any form of illegal gambling activity which uses numbers or
combination as factors in giving out jackpots.
JUETENG
-Illegal numbers game that involves the combination of numbers as
a form of local lottery where bets are placed and accepted per
combination .
MASIAO
-Illegal numbers game where the winning combination is derived
from the results of the last game of Jai Alai or the Special Llave
portion
LAST TWO
-Illegal numbers game where the winning combination is derived
from the last two numbers of the first prize of the winning
Sweepstakes ticket.
BETTOR (Mananaya)
-Any person, who places bets for himself/herself or in behalf of
another person, other than the personnel or staff of any illegal
numbers game operation.
COLLECTOR or AGENT (Cabo, Cobrador)
-Any person who collects, solicits or produces bets in behalf of
his/her principal for any illegal numbers game who is usually in
possession of gambling paraphernalia
MAINTAINER, MANAGER OR OPERATOR
-Any person who maintains, manages, or operates any illegal
number game in a specific area.
FINANCIERS OR CAPITALIST
-Any person who finances the operations of any illegal numbers
game.

PROTECTOR OR CODDLER
-Any person who lends or provides protection, or receives
benefits in any manner in the operation of any illegal numbers
game.
RELATED LAWS ON GAMBLING
Article 195 of RPC. Acts punishable in gambling
any person directly or indirectly take part in any game of Monte,
jueteng, other form of lottery, policy, banking or percentage
game, dog races or any other game the result of which depends
wholly upon a chance wherein wagers consisting of money,
articles of value, or representative of value are made.
Article 195 of RPC. (Penalty)
-The penalty of arresto mayor or a fine not exceeding two
hundred pesos, and, in case of recidivism, the penalty of arresto
mayor or a fine ranging from two hundred or six thousand pesos,

- The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum degree shall

be imposed upon the maintainer, conductor, or banker in a game
of jueteng or any similar game.
Article 196 (RPC). Penalizing any person who shall import into
the Philippine Islands from any foreign place or port any lottery
ticket or advertisement, or in connivance with the importer, shall
sell or distribute the same.

-The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision

correccional in its minimum period or a fine ranging from 200 to
2,000 pesos, or both, in the discretion of the court
Article 197 (RPC). Betting in sports Contest – Penalizing any
person who shall bet money or any object or article of value or
representative of value upon the result of any boxing or other
sports contest.

-The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos,

or both,
Article 198 (RPC). Illegal betting on horse races
– Penalizing any person who, except during the periods allowed
by law, shall bet on horse races.

- The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos,

or both,
Article 199 (RPC). Illegal cockfighting –
Penalizing any person who directly or indirectly participates in
cockfights, at a place other than a licensed cockpit.

- The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200

pesos, or both, in the discretion of the court
RA 3063 – Approved June 17, 1961
➢authorizing licensed race tracks and racing clubs and their
authorized agent to offer, take or arrange bets outside the
place, enclosure of track where the races held.
➢Penalty - fine of not less than one thousand pesos not more
than two thousand pesos or by imprisonment for not less than
one month or more than six months, or both, in the discretion of
the court. If the offender is a partnership, corporation or
association, the criminal liability shall devolve upon its
president, director, or any other official responsible for the
violation.
Oooppssss!!!
The end…
Salamat mga kapatid! Sulit walang mintis!
6 days din yun, grabe parang ang bilis,
Pagbigyan niyo na ko, di ko lang matiis,
Picture picture muna tayo, bago umalis!!