Fastener Loads for Plywood - Screws [Number EB30E + June 2011 INTRODUCTION ‘The integrity of a structure is frequently dependent upon the connections between its component elements, For maxi mum strength and stability, each joint requires a design adapted to the fastener type and to the strength properties of the individual structural members, Included in the following tables are ultimate withdrawal and lateral loads for ply- ‘wood joints fastened with wood and sheet metal screws. These values are based upon tests conducted on plywood by APA The Engincered Wood Association, “To caleulate design withdrawal and lateral capacities for various sizes of wood serews, see Table 11.3.1A of AF&PA NDS-2005, and APA Technical Topic TT-051 and Section 4.4.7 of Panel Design Specification, APA Form D510, See also ‘www.avie org/ealeulators/index html for online fastener calculators TEST RESULTS Panel-and-Metal Connections Self deiling, selFtapping screws are commonly used to atach panels up to 1/8 inches thick to stel flanges up to 316 inch thick, However, since threads are usually provided on only a portion ofthe fastener shank, is important to specify the appropriate fastener length for a given panel thickness. This precaution ensures thatthe threaded por- tion ofthe shank will engage inthe steel framing, Several lengths and styles are available, Additional details for these types of screws may be obtained from specific fastener manufacturers. The following test data apply to wood screws and sheet metal screws, Little design data is available on sheet metal screws, but the primary difference between wood and sheet metal screws is that sheet metal screws are generally threaded ther fll length and wood screws are only threaded about two-thirds of thei length. Lateral Resistance: Performance of panel-and-metal connections is dependent upon, the strength properties of all three elements. FIGURE 1 FAILURE OF LATERALLY LOADED, SINGLE» 1a) Panel-critical joints are characterized by a shearing of the | SHEAR METALTO-PLYWOOD CONNECTION ‘wood fers oriented parallel so the direction of the applied | force. Shearing of serew shank 1 Fastener-criical joints ate characterized by a shear failure | 4 0 cof the screw shank, As shown in Figure 1, once localized ‘rushing of the wood has occurred, resistance of the metal Crushing of plwood to fastener-head embedment causes the screw to become 5Fastener Loads fr Phywoed ~ Scrows a shear specimen and joint behavior is dependent upon the shear strength of the fastener. Shear failure o! screw shank occurs at the © The metakeritcal joint may fal ‘occurs when the resistance of cone of wo ways, Failure the screw head to embedment is greater than the resistance ndl ‘or withdrawal load, and the cof the metal to lateral screw tears through or away from the metal, Failure also ‘occurs when thin metal in a rmetal-to-panel joint crushes or tears away from the screvs The following test data are pre sensed for plywood only. Tables 1 and 2 present average ultimate lateral leads for wood and sheet-metal tions in plywood-and-metal joints, The end distance of the lToaded-edge in thes ‘one inch, Plywood face grain ‘was parallel tothe Toad since this direction yields the lowest lat ‘eral loads when the joint is ply- wood-critical, All wood-serew specimens were tested with a 3/16-ne and values should be modified if ts was Ak steel side plate, thinner stel is used TARE ‘SCREWS: METAL-TO-PLYWOOD CONNECTIONS! Depth of ‘Average Ultimate Lateral Load (Bf™ Threaded ——_Avereae Ultimate bsterel teed (BA _ Penetration SI finch #8. 2 415—~(500)—«590 465 (565) «670, se = - S 500 (600) 705, 3/4 590 (655) 715 in Phwood was 6D grade wih on Hote nes WSR sea 1b eles arent esign value. Values in parentheses are etimetes based on cher fee reve (alples Group Ti Tace grin pavelel ood Sie > > TABLE? ‘SHEET METAL SCREWS: PLYWOOD-TO-METAL CONNECTIONS®! ‘Average Ulimate Lateral Lood (bf/™ Piywood Performance Screw Si /4*.20 Self framing _"“Eatogary no Dw goteinch in 0, aso 860.920 dorenh va 60.380. 400 a0 Cetened —Y2T00r B90 900.920 ia Pood wes ACERT cco erin paral oe [bl Vales ove not design vluen. nd by on exer) wore lite by screw-on wereld by plone sheng 4 Form No. E830E © 201) APA~ The Engin red Wood Arrociiion = wenapowood oreFastener Loads fr Phywoed ~ Scrows Withdrawal: Tables 3 and 4 present average ultimate withdrawal loads for ‘wood and sheet metal screws in plywood-and-metal joints, based ‘on analysis of test results, Wood screws are threaded for only 2/3 of their length, Sheet metal screws typically have higher ultimate load than wood screws in the smaller gages becanse of their full-length thread Values shown in Table 3 for ‘wood screws are based on 1/4- inch protrusion of the wood screw from the back of the panel ‘This was to assure measurable length of thread embedment in the wood, since the tip of the tapered wood screw may be smaller than the pilot hole. This vwas not a factor for sheet metal screws due to their uniform shank diameters TABLES WOOD AND SHEET METAL SCREWS: METAL-TO-PLYWOOD CONNECTIONS Depth of Uimate Withdrawal Load (lbf) Threaded est Serow Size (inch) #68 3/8 rn - ~ wv 200240275550 5/8 250295345 30a 314 30035545 470525 = 1 Ss = S 625700775 18 - = - 705 790875 21/4 1580 Ta Phwood Ib Vetere Wood Serow Shoot Metal Serow TABLE 4 ‘SHEET METAL SCREWS: PLYWOOD-TO-METAL CONNECTIONS® ‘Withdrawal Lead (bi) rywood vertemenes $0456 4.70 at framing _“Esegory #2 #ia Tapping sow gotoiny a soo 520500 " Ez 790__850° 790" Geranced 2 soo 520500 Seagese) 2 0090080 io) Pywood wos ACERT al is Gre {B)Ylos not desig veles. Loads denoted by an ster" were lined by seento-rela Famig sheewhy afres ers bribed by prmeed sna a am <> Form No. E830E * © 201) APA The Engineered Wood Assocsion® www apewood orgSerene Fastener Leeds for Phwwood Fastening Into Plywood Panel Edges TABLES Fastening into plywood panel | WOOD SCREWS: PLYWOOD-TO-PLYWOOD EDGE CONNECTIONS! eciges is not normally recom- |” Bapthof Average Ultimate ‘Average Ulimate mended. For some purposes, ead Lteral Load (I) withdrowal Load (BA however, edge fastening may be mo m2 mo m2 necessary. Table 5 presents aver vo (185) 195 360 M05) 450 go fi8s}__ 195, 410455) 500 age ultimate lateral and wit i reching sre tread ws Perfomance Category 74 C.D erade wh eer ave drawal loads for vatious sizes of ‘wood screws in this application. Yelus.Velvs in prensheses er estimates bese on rN nN gn 2 o ESTIMATING ALLOWABLE DESIGN Loaps leis d responsibility of the designer to select a working load G suitable for the particular appli re cation, A high degree of vari- ability is inherent in individual st results. Therefore, for screws in withdrawal ol faste lly loaded, a working load of about one-fifth of the ultimate load has traditionally been used for normal duration of load which contemplates fully stressing the con- nection for approximately + continuously or cumulatively, For practically all laterally loaded screw con= nections shown, the normal-duration working load will correspond toa joint slip of less an 0.01 inch, Adjustments for shorter or longer duration of load apply to design values for mechanical 's where the strength ‘of the wood (1e., not the strength of the metal fastener) determines the load capacity. Calculations and adjustments of design values for varying combinations of materials and durations of load should be in accordance with the current AP&PA National Design Specification for Wood Construction red Wood Arrociiion = wenapowood ore Form No. E830E © 201) APA~ The EnginFastener Loads For Plywood — Screws ‘nae US. clas endin Conede wh Wael anwer queens nehing fer eda raters open APA HEADQUARTERS (252) 565.8600 Fa (5) 969-7265 rnoouer sun (25 42974004Cmah Ads DISCLAIMER The infomation coneined eran i ‘ert ta ‘oy wovranly, expressed or pied, oF sclame any log etity oF spans Sr relerence fo opinions, fring, cn Kattan Saige patel Sera fateomente emery Bagi ha See er Sette are ses erin chal contiveted a