2.

) Ethical codes are often adopted by management, not because of some overriding corporate mission to promote a particular moral theory, but accepted as pragmatic necessities in running an organization in a complex society in which moral concepts play an important part. They are distinct from moral codes that may apply to the culture, education, and religion of a whole society. Of course, certain acts that constitute a violation of ethical codes may also violate a law or regulation and can be punishable at law or by government agency remedies. Even organizations and communities that may be considered criminal may have their own ethical code of conduct, be it official or unofficial. Examples could be hackers, thieves, or even street gangs. 3.) It thus regulates the definition of and penalties for offences found to have a sufficiently deleterious social impact but, in itself, makes no moral judgment on an offender nor imposes restrictions on society that physically prevents people from committing a crime in the first place. Investigating, apprehending, charging, and trying suspected offenders is regulated by the law of criminal procedure. 4.) In the United States, PA (Professional Association), used in conjunction with a business name is a corporation formed by professionals such as lawyers, dentists, and medical doctors. In the past, the so-called "learned professions" were not allowed to operate as corporations. But most states have now enacted a professional corporation or association act that allows professionals to practice under corporate rules provided that all shareholders are members of the profession. A P.A is attractive to professionals because it provides some of the tax advantages and liability protections of a business corporation. 5.) In any business there are policies that need to be enforced. These policies can pertain to anything from dating co-workers to drug abuse or even e-mail and internet usage while at work. Enforcing policies will keep your employees safe and happy. Enforcing policies will also keep you in business and reduce the risk that you are legally sued because of unfair practices. Any manager or business owner could benefit from some tips for enforcing policy. Because workplace policies are so broad there are many options for enforcing those policies. First you will need to make sure that you have all your workplace policies written down in either an employee handbook or the company's website if you have one. This makes it easier to enforce any problems you may have with employees who do not follow the policies. You will have the full policy written out for everyone to see and should be signed by all employees. When a policy is then not being followed it will be easy for you to enforce it. The policy was written down so that there was no guessing as to what was really meant. You are more able to then document which policy was not being followed and which employee it was.

6.) The notion of deliberative democracy is based on the exchange of arguments and opinions among citizens and therefore the articulation of individual opinions in public .A number of theories have linked individual level behaviors like opinion expression to macro-level factors like the perception of opinion climates, that is, the perception of opinion distribution in a given society Most prominently, the spiral of silence theory assumes that perceptions of the distribution of opinion on a given issue will inuence individuals willingness to express their opinions on these issues 7.) Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature.