COURSE SYLLABUS

Course Title: Criminal Law 1 Instructor:

No. of Units: 3 Atty. Axel Rupert M. Cruz
Semester/ SY: 1st Semester/1st Year
Department/Track: Criminal Law
Pre-requisites: None

I. Course description: A study of the characteristics of Criminal Law, the nature and
classification of felonies, the circumstances affecting criminal liability and the extent and
extinction of criminal liabilities as well as the civil liability of the offender, the nature, manner of
computation of penalties, complex crimes, habitual delinquency, the application of the
Indeterminate Sentence Law and the Probation Law. The course covers Book One of the Revised
Penal Code and related laws.

Day 1 (Aug 19) - Orientation

Day 2 (Aug 21 Holiday; retain or move to ________)

1. General principles
1.1. Definition and nature

1.2. Common law crimes?

1.3. Theories of Criminal Law

1.4. Power to Define and Punish Criminal Acts

1.5. Limitations of Congress to Enact Penal Laws

1.5.1. Vagueness
People v. Nazario, 165 SCRA 186, GR L-44143, August 31, 1988

1.5.2. Duty to apply

Art. 5, RPC
People v. Limaco, 88 Phil. 35, GR L-3090, January 9, 1951

1.5.3. Bill of Attainder

People v. Ferrer, 150-C Phil. 551, GR L-32613-14, December 27, 1972

1.5.4. Ex post facto

Mejia v. Pamaran, 160 SCRA 457, GR 56741–42, April 15, 1988

1.5. Characteristics of penal laws

1.5.1. Generality
Art. 14, Civil Code
Exceptions:
Treaty
Diplomatic immunity
Minucher v. CA, GR 142396, February 11, 2003

1.5.2. Territoriality, and exceptions

Art. 2, RPC
Exceptions:
U.S. v Look Chow, 18 Phil. 573, GR L-5887, December 16, 1911
 U.S. v. Ah Sing, 36 Phil. 978, GR 13005, October 10, 1917
Crimes in international law
Some SPLs (Terrorism, trafficking, data privacy)
AAA v. BBB, GR 212448, January 11, 2018

Day 3 (Aug 26)

1.5.3. Prospectivity
Art. 366
Exception: More favorable to accused
Exceptions to exception:
Law provides inapplicability
Habitual Criminal [Art. 22; Art. 62 (5)]
Even SC Decisions
Hernan v. Sandiganbayan, GR 217874, December 5, 2017
Repeals
U.S. v. Cuna, 12 Phil. 241 GR No. L-4504, December 15, 1908

1.6. Construction of penal laws

GR: If the law is clear,
E: if ambiguous, apply rule of ”in dubio pro reo”
People v. Temporada, 594 Phil. 680, GR No. 173473, December 17, 2008
Spanish text controlling

1.7. Applicability of the RPC to SPLs

Art. 10
People v. Simon, GR 93028, July 29, 1994
Yu v. People, GR 134172, September 20, 2004
Ladonga v. People, GR 141066, February 17, 2005
Go-Tan v. Tan, GR 168852, September 30, 2008

Summary of rule

1.7.1. Mala in se vs. mala prohibita

Dungo v. People, GR 209464, July 1, 2015

Distinguish as to:
Intent
Agg/Mitigating
Participation
Stages
Under what law
Moral turpitude
Absorption
Enrile v. Amin, GR 93335, September 13, 1990

Day 4 (Aug 28)

2. Felonies (Art. 3-9, RPC)

2.1. Criminal liabilities and felonies
Dolo (Freedom, Intelligence, Intent or Mens Rea)
People v. Pagador, GR 140006-10, April 20, 2001
De Guzman v. People, GR 166502, October 17, 2008
People v. Ballesteros, 349 Phil. 366, GR 120921, January 29, 1998
People v. Silvestre, 56 Phil. 353 GR No. L-35748, December 14, 1931
People v. Sia Teb Ban, 54 Phil 52 GR No L-31695, November 26, 1929
 Intent v. Motive (when relevant)

Culpa (Freedom, Intelligence, Negligence/imprudence)

E.g. Arts. 217; 224; 365
Imprudence v. Negligence

2.2. “He who is the cause of the cause is the cause of the evil caused.” (Art. 4)
Ex: if there is an intervening cause

People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil. 15 GR No L-34665, August 28, 1931

2.2.1. Mistake of fact (ignorantia facti excusat)

U.S. Valdez, 41 Phil. 497, GR 16486, March 22, 1921
U.S. v. Ah Chong, GR 5272, March 19, 1910
People v. Fernando, 49 Phil. 75, GR 24978, March 27, 1926

Day 5 (Sept 2)

2.2.2. Mistake in identity

2.2.2.1. Mistake in Person (error in personae)

People v. Gona, 54 Phil. 605, GR 32066, March 15, 1930

2.2.2.2. Mistake in Blow (aberratio ictus)

People v. Gemoya, GR 132633, October 4, 2000

2.2.3. Lack of intent to commit so grave a wrong (praeter intentionem)

Art. 13(3), RPC

2.2.4. Proximate Cause

People v. Ilustre, 54 Phil. 594, GR 32076, March 14, 1930
Urbano v. IAC, GR 72964, January 7, 1988
Vda. De Bataclan v. Medina, 102 Phil. 181 GR L-10126, October 22,
1957
People v. Acuram, GR No. 117954, April 27, 2000

2.3. Impossible crime (Art. 4[2])

See Art. 59 for penalty
Jacinto v. People, GR 162540, July 13, 2009
Intod v. Court of Appeals, GR 103119, October 21, 1992

2.4. Art. 5

Day 6 (Sept 9)

3. Stages of execution (Art. 6): Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies

U.S. v. Eduave, GR 12155, February 2, 1917

Attempted
“Overt act” v. “preparatory act”
People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil. 703 GR No L-43530, August 3, 1935
People v. Lizada, GR 143468-71, January 24, 2003
U.S. v. Te Tong, 26 Phil. 453 GR No 8654, December 29 1913
Tibong v. People, GR 191000, September 15, 2010

Frustrated
No frustrated stage in:
 Theft and robbery
Rape
Adultery and concubinage
Bribery and corruption
Acts of lasciviousness
People v. Honrada, 62 Phil. 112 GR Nos 112178-79, April 21, 1995

Attempted and Frustrated vs Impossible Crime

Consummated
No attempted or frustrated in:
SPL, unless it provides otherwise
Formal crimes (such as acts of lasciviousness, threats, coercion, slander)
Impossible crimes
People v Hernandez, 54 Phil. 122 GR No L-31770, December 5, 1929
Valenzuela v. People, GR 160188, June 21, 2007
Pentecostes, Jr. v. People, 417 SCRA 504 GR No 167766, April 7, 2010
People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 114 GR No 88724, April 3, 1990

See also Arts. 50 to 57 (penalties); Art. 60

Day 7 (Sept 11)

4. Grave vs. less grave vs. light felonies (Arts. 7 and 9, as amended by RA 10951)
Light felonies, when punishable
E.g. of light felonies (slight physical injuries, theft of farm products, alteration of
boundary marks, malicious mischief, intriguing against honor)

5. Plurality of Crimes
Gamboa v. CA, GR L-41054, November 28, 1975

5.1. Complex Crimes (Art. 48)

People v. Gaffud, GR 168050, September 19, 2008
Ivler v. Hon. Modesto-San Pedro, GR 172716, November 17, 2010

5.1.1. Compound Crime – when a single act constitutes two or more grave or less
grave felonies
People v. Guillen, 85 Phil. 307, GR L-1477, January 18, 1950
People vs. Lawas, 97 Phil. 975, GR L-7618-20, June 30, 1955
People v. Tabaco, GR 100382-385, March 19, 1997
People v. Sanidad, GR 146099, April 30, 2003
People v. Elarcosa, GR 186539, June 29, 2010

Day 8 (Sept 16)

5.1.2. Complex Crime Proper – where an offense is a necessary means for

committing the other
People v. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515, GR L-6025-26, July 18, 1956
People v. Cedenio, GR 93485, June 27, 1994
Enrile v. Amin, GR 93335, September 13, 1990
People v. Geronimo, 100 Phil. 90 GR No L-8936, October 23, 1956

5.2. Special Complex Crime (Composite crime)

People v. de Leon, GR 179943, June 26, 2009
People v. Nanas, 415 Phil. 683, GR 137299, August 21, 2001
People v. Tamayo, 434 Phil. 642, GR 137586, July 30, 2002
People v. Ganal, 85 Phil 743, GR L-1990, March 15, 1950
 People v. Ramos, GR 118570, October 12, 1998
People v. Mirandilla, GR 186417, July 27, 2011
People v. Donio, GR 212815, March 1, 2017

Day 9 (Sept 18)

5.3. Continuing (continued/continuous) Crimes (not a complex crime)

Mallari v. People, GR 58886, December 13, 1988
Santiago v. Court of Appeals, GR 109266, December 2, 1993
People v. Jaranilla, GR L-28547, February 22, 1974
People v. Dela Cruz, GR 109619-23, June 26, 1998

6. Justifying circumstances (Art. 11), codal discussion

6.1. Self-defense
6.1.1. Unlawful aggression
People v. Nugas, GR 172606, November 23, 2011
People v. Bautista, 254 SCRA 621 GR No 109800, March 12, 1996
People v. Cajurao, GR 122767, January 20, 2004
People v. Aquino, GR L-32390, December 28, 1973
People v. Gondayao, 30 SCRA 226 GR No L-26240, October 31, 1969
Battered woman syndrome (Sec. 26, RA 9262)

Day 10 (Sept 23)

6.1.2. Reasonable necessity

Nacnac v. People, GR 191913, March 21, 2012
Jayme v. People, GR 124506, September 9, 1999
U.S. v. Mojica, 42 Phil. 784, GR 17650, February 15, 1922
People v. Lara, 48 Phil. 153 GR No L-24014, October 16, 1925

6.1.3. No sufficient provocation

Cano v. People, GR 155258, October 7, 2003
People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA 180 (1974) GR No L-23249,
November 25, 1974

6.1.4. Self-defense of chastity

People v. De la Cruz, 61 Phil. 344, GR 41674, March 30, 1935

6.1.5. Self-defense of property

Art. 429, Civil Code
People v. Narvaez, GR L-33466-67, April 30, 1983

6.2. Defense of relative

Olbinar v. CA, GR 76235, January 21, 1991

6.3. Defense of stranger

People v. Ancheta, 66 Phil. 638 GR No L-45344, November 29, 1938

Day 11 (Sept 25)

6.4. State of necessity (Avoidance of greater evil or injury)*

People v. Punzalan, GR 199892, December 10, 2012
People v. Ricohermoso, 56 SCRA 431 GR Nos L-30527-28, March 29, 1974
 Tan v. Standard Vacuum Oil Co., 91 Phil 672 GR No L-4160, July 29, 1952

6.5. Fulfillment of duty

People v. Oanis, GR 47722, July 27, 1943
People v. Delima, 46 Phil. 738, GR L-18660, December 22, 1922
Baxinela v. People, GR 149652, March 24, 2006
People v. Peralta, GR 128116, January 24, 2001
Sycip v. CA, GR 125059, March 17, 2000

6.6. Obedience to a lawful order

Ambil, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, GR 175457, July 6, 2011
Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, GR 103501-03, February 17, 1997

See also Art. 69 (penalty)

Day 12 (Sept 30)

7. Exempting circumstances (Art. 12), codal discussion

[Distinguished from justifying circumstances]
[Absence of intelligence, freedom of action, or intent]

7.1. Insanity or imbecility

People v. Formigones, GR L-3246, November 29, 1950
People v. Isla, GR 199875, November 21, 2012
People v. Gimena, GR 33877, February 6, 1931
People v. Madarang, GR 132319, May 12, 2000

7.2. Minority
Secs. 6 and 7 RA 9344, as amended
Llave v. People, GR 166040, April 26, 2006

7.3. Accident*
People v. Ayaya, 52 Phil 354 GR No L-29396. November 9, 1928

See also Art. 67 (penalty)

Day 13 (Oct 2)

7.4. Compulsion of irresistible fear

U.S. v. Caballeros, 4 Phil. 350 GR No 1352, March 29, 1905
People v. Anticamara, GR 178771, June 8, 2011

7.5. Impulse of uncontrollable fear

U.S. v. Exaltacion, 3 Phil. 339 GR No 1481, February 17, 1904

People v. Dequina, GR 177570, January 19, 2011

7.6. Insuperable or lawful cause*

People v. Bandian, GR 45186, September 30, 1936

8. Mitigating circumstances, codal discussion

Ordinary v privileged
Offsetting
 Minimum period vs. lower degree
Privileged
Art. 69 (Incomplete justifying and exempting)
vs. Art. 13 (1)
Penalty – lower by one or two degrees
Minority (Art. 68)
15 and below; 15-18 A w/o D = exempt
15-18 AwD = penalty next lower
2+ mitigating and 0 aggravating = penalty next lower
Concealment of dishonor of mother in infanticide (Art. 255)
Voluntary release of detained person within 3 days (Art. 268, par. 3)
Unjustified abandonment of spouse in adultery (Art. 333, par. 3)

See Art. 62, par. 3

Day 14 (Oct 7)

8.1. Incomplete justifying and exempting

People v. CA, 352 SCRA 599, GR 103613 & 105830, February 23, 2011

8.2. Minority (Art. 68[2])

People v. Deliola, 802 SCRA 16, GR 200157, August 31, 2016

8.3. Praeter Intentionem

People v. Gonzalez, Jr., 359 SCRA 352, GR 139542, June 21, 2001
Urbano v. People, 576 SCRA 826, GR 182750, January 20, 2009
People v. Braña, 30 SCRA 307, GR L-29210, October 31, 1969
People v. Abueg, GR L-54901, November 24, 1986
People v. Pugay, GR L-74324, November 17, 1988

See also Art. 49 (penalty)

8.4. Sufficient provocation

vs. element in self-defense
Cano v. People, 413 SCRA 92, GR 155258, October 07, 2003
Romera v. People, 434 SCRA 467, GR 151978, July 14, 2004
People v. CA, GR 103613, February 23, 2001

Day 15 (Oct 9)

8.5. “Immediate” vindication of a grave offense

vs. provocation
Who. What. When
People v. Rebucan, 654 SCRA 726, GR 182551, July 27, 2011
People v. Benito, GR L-32042, December 17, 1976

8.6. Passion and obfuscation

People v. Gravino, 122 SCRA 123, GR L-31327-29, May 16, 1983
U.S. v. Dela Cruz, 22 Phil. 429, GR L-7094, March 29, 1912
People v. Oloverio, 754 SCRA 1, GR 211159, March 18, 2015

8.7. Voluntary surrender and plea of guilty

See Art. 152, RPC
People v. Cagas, 433 SCRA 290, GR 145504, June 30, 2004
 People v. Taraya, 344 SCRA 401, GR 135551, October 27, 2000
People v. Oco, 458 Phil. 815 (2003) GR Nos 137370-71, September 29, 2003

8.8. Deaf and dumb or blind

8.9. Illness that diminishes will power

People v. Antonio, Jr., GR 144266, November 27, 2002

8.10. Analogous
People v. Macbul, 74 Phil. 436, GR L-48976, October 11, 1943
People v. Monaga, GR L-39528, November 19, 1982
People v. Agustin, GR L-18368, March 31, 1966

See also Art. 62 (penalty)

MIDTERMS (Oct. 12 - 21)

Day 16 (Oct 23)

9. Aggravating circumstances, codal discussion

Generic – Art. 14 (1)(2)(3 dwelling)(4)(5)(6)(9)(10)(14)(18)(19)(20 except motor
vehicle)
Specific
Qualifying
Inherent
Generic vs qualifying
As to penalty
Offsetting
Allegation in Information (See Rule 110, Secs. 8 and 9)
Guellos v. People, GR 177000, June 19, 2017
Aggravating Circumstances that have no effect (Art. 62, pars. 1 and 2)
See also Art. 62, pars. 3 and 4

9.1. Taking advantage of public position (G)

People v. Ordiales, 42 SCRA 238, GR L-30956, November 23, 1971
People v. Teves, 44 Phil. 275, GR L-19603, December 29, 1922
People v. Villamor, GR 140407-08, January 15, 2002

9.2. Contempt or insult to public authorities (G)

People v. Verzo, GR L-22517, December 26, 1967

Day 17 (Oct. 28)

9.3. Disregard of [rank, age, or sex (S – against persons or honor)] and [dwelling (G)] of
the offended party
People v. Valeriano, 90 Phil. 15, GR L-2159, September 19, 1951
Mari v. CA, 332 SCRA 475, GR 127694, May 31, 2000
People v. Lora, GR L-49430, March 30, 1982
People v. Puno, GR L- 33211, June 29, 1981
People v. Morales, GR L-35413, November 7, 1979

9.4. Abuse of confidence and obvious ungratefulness (G)

People v. Luchico, 49 Phil. 689 GR No L-26170, December 6, 1926
 9.5. Palace of the chief executive, where public duties are discharged, or place dedicated
to religious worship (G)
People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174, CA 384, February 21, 1946

9.6. Nighttime, uninhabited place, or band (G)

People v. Tolentino, 546 SCRA 671, GR 176385, February 26, 2008
People v. Enot, 6 SCRA 325, GR L-17530, October 30, 1962
People v. Pulido, 85 Phil. 695, GR L-2447, March 4, 1950

Day 18 (Oct. 30)

9.7. On occasion of calamity or misfortune

People v. Arpa, 27 SCRA 1037, GR L-26789, April 25, 1969

9.8. Aid of armed men

People v. Candado, 84 SCRA 508, GR L-34089, August 1, 1978
People v. Piring, 63 Phil. 546 GR No 45053, October 19, 1936

9.9. Recidivism (Art. 14[9]) (G)

People v. Bernal, 63 Phil. 750, GR L-44988, October 31, 1936

9.10. Reiteracion or Habituality (Art. 14[10]) (G)

People v. Villapando, GR 73656, October 5, 1989
People v. Abella, GR L-32205, August 31, 1979

9.10.1. Multiple Offenders/Habitual Offenders, distinguish

Recidivism (reincidencia) (Art. 14[9]) (G)

Habituality (reiteracion) (Art. 14[10]) (G)
Quasi-recidivism (Art. 160) (S)
Habitual Delinquency (Art. 62[5]) (E)
People v. Ventura, 56 Phil. 1 GR No 148145-46, July 5, 2004
People v. Morales, 61 Phil. 222 GR No L-42924, March 12, 1935
People v. De Jesus, 63 Phil. 760 GR No L-45198, October 31,
1936

Day 19 (Nov. 4)

9.11. Price, reward or promise

U.S. v. Flores, 28 Phil. 29, GR 9008, September 17, 1914
People v. Canete, GR L-37945, May 28, 1984

9.12. By means of fire, inundation, etc. (G or Q)

See Arts. 62 (1), 320, 324, and 330

9.13. Evident premeditation (G)

People v. Sison, 312 SCRA 792, GR 119307, August 20, 1999
People v. Valeriano, 90 Phil. 15, GR L-2159, September 19, 1951
People v. Penones, GR 71153, August 16, 1991
People v. Lagarto, GR 65833, May 6, 1991
People v. Sarmiento, GR L-19146, May 31, 1963
People v. Ubina, 97 Phil. 515 GR No L-6969, August 31, 1955
People v. Pagal, GR L-32040, October 25, 1977
 9.14. Craft, fraud, disguise (G)
People v. Reyes, GR 118649, March 9, 1998

Day 20 (Nov. 6)

9.15. Superior strength or means to weaken defense (S)

People v. Escoto, 244 SCRA 87, GR 91756, May 11, 1995
People v. Appegu, 379 SCRA 703, GR 130657, April 01, 2002
People v. Carpio, GR 82815-16, October 31, 1990

9.16. Treachery (S)

People v. Villarico, Sr., GR 158362, 647 SCRA 43, April 04, 2011
People v. Torejas, GR L-29935, 43 SCRA 158, January 31, 1972
People v. Rellon, GR L-74051, 167 SCRA 75, November 08, 1988
People v. Ganohon, GR 74670-74, 196 SCRA 431, April 30, 1991
People v. Badon, GR 126143, 308 SCRA 175, June 10, 1999
People v. Fuertes, GR 95891-92, 326 SCRA 382, February 28, 2000
People v. Caringal, GR 75368, August 11, 1989
People v. Trinidad, GR L-38930, June 28, 1988

Day 21 (Nov. 11)

9.17. Ignominy (S – chastity, less serious physical injuries, light/grave coercion, murder)
People v. Saylan, 130 SCRA 159, GR L-36941, June 29, 1984
People v. Cortezano, 411 SCRA 431, GR 123140, September 23, 2003

9.18. Unlawful entry (G)

People v. Galapia, 84 SCRA 526, GR L-39303-05, August 01, 1978
People v. Barruga, 61 Phil. 318 GR No 178545, September 29, 2008
See Arts. 299 (a) and 302

9.19. Breaking wall, roof, floor, doors or windows (G)

9.20. [Aid of minor (G)] or by means of motor vehicles

People v. Munoz, GR L-38016, September 10, 1981
People v. Ablaza, GR L-27352, October 31, 1969

9.21. Cruelty (S)

People v. Cortes, 361 SCRA 80, GR 137050, July 11, 2001
People v. Lacao, GR 95320, September 4, 1991
See also Art. 62 (penalty)

11. Alternative circumstances

11.1. Relationship
See Art. 332, 263, 246, 265, 266
People v. Atop, G.R. 123303-05, February 10, 1998
Intestate Estate of Gonzales v. People, GR 181409, February 11, 2010

Day 22 (Nov. 13)

11.2. Intoxication
 People v. Noble, 77 Phil. 93 GR No L-288, August 29, 1946
People v. Dungka, 64 Phil. 421 GR No L-45423, July 1, 1937

11.3. Education
People v. Mutya, 106 Phil. 1167, GR L-11255-56, September 30, 1959
People v. Retania, GR L-34841, January 22, 1980

13. Persons liable and degree of participation

13.1. Principals
Arts. 16 and 17
13.1.1. By direct participation
People v. Bernardo, 222 SCRA 502, GR 97141-42, May 24, 1993
People v. Cruz, GR 74048, November 14, 1990
People v. Santos, 84 Phil. 104 GR No L-11813, September 17, 1958

13.1.2. By inducement
People v. Rafael, 343 SCRA 97, GR 123176, October 13, 2000
People v. Yanson-Dumancas, 320 SCRA 584, GR 133527-28, Dec. 13,
1999
People v. Agapinay, 186 SCRA 812, GR 77776, June 27, 1990

13.1.3. By indispensable cooperation

Samson v. CA, 103 Phil. 277, GR L-10364 & L-10376, March 31, 1958

Day 23 (Nov. 18)

14. Conspiracy and proposal

Art. 8
People v. Del Castillo, 663 SCRA 226, GR 169084, January 18, 2012
Salapuddin v. CA, 691 SCRA 578, GR 184681, February 25, 2013
People v. Sosing 111 SCRA 368, GR L-42791, January 30, 1982
People v. Huang Zhen Hua, 439 SCRA 350, GR 139301, September 29, 2004
People v. Listerio, 335 SCRA 40, GR 122099, July 05, 2000
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, 377 SCRA 538, GR 148965, February 26, 2002

13.2. Accomplices
Art. 18
People v. Montesclaros, 589 SCRA 320, GR 181084, June 16, 2009
People v. Corbes, 270 SCRA 465, GR 113470, March 26, 1997
People v. Tamayo, 44 Phil. 38, GR L-18289, November 17, 1922
People v. De Vera, 312 SCRA 640, GR 128966, August 18, 1999

Day 24 (Nov. 20)

Garces v. People, 527 SCRA 827, GR 173858, July 17, 2007

People v. Doble, 114 SCRA 131, GR L-30028, May 31, 1982
People v. Tawat, 126 SCRA 362, GR L-62547, December 21, 1983
Vino v. People, 178 SCRA 626, GR 84163, October 19, 1989

Conspirators vs accomplices

13.3. Accessories
 Art. 19
People v. Verzola, 80 SCRA 600, GR L-35022, December 21, 1977
United States v. Villaluz, 32 Phil. 376, GR 10726, December 01, 1915
Vino v. People, GR 84163, October 19, 1989

See also Art. 58 (penalty)

13.4. Exempt accessories

Art. 20

See also Arts. 50 to 57 (penalties); Art. 60

Day 25 (Nov. 25)

15. Penalties (Arts. 21-88), codal discussion

RA 10159 (Amended Article 39 of the RPC)
RA 10592 (Amended Articles 29, 94, 97, 98 and 99 of the RPC)
RA 10951 (Amended Article 26 of the RPC)

Day 26 (Nov. 27)

Continue codal discussion

15.1. Theories justifying penalty

15.2. Reclusion perpetua v life imprisonment
People v. Gregorio, 255 SCRA 380, GR 109614-15, March 29, 1996

15.3. Preventive imprisonment (Art. 29 as amended)

15.4. Indeterminate Sentence Law (Act No. 4103)

Arts. 46, 48, 50 to 57, 61, 62 (except par. 5), 64, 65, 68, 69, and 71, RPC
People v. Temporada, 574 SCRA 258, GR 173473, December 17, 2008

Day 27 (Dec. 2)

15.5. Three-fold rule (Art. 70)

Bagtas v. Director of Prisons, 84 Phil. 692, GR L-3215, October 06, 1949
Communications Insurance Co. v. Villaluz, GR L-36721-27, August 29, 1980
Dulpo v. Sandiganbayan, GR 74652, May 21, 1987

15.6. Subsidiary imprisonment

Toledo v. Correctional Institution for Women, GR L-16377, January 28, 1961
People v. Fajardo, 65 Phil. 539 GR No L-12172, August 29, 1958

15.7. Graduation of penalties

People v. Bon, 506 SCRA 168, GR 166401, October 30, 2006
People v. Galang, GR 70713, June 29, 1989
De los Angeles v. People, 103 Phil. 295 GR No L-10969, March 31, 1958
Table of Penalties

Day 28 (Dec. 4)

15.8. Execution and service

 Probation Law (PD 968, as amended by RA 10707)
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (RA 9344, as amended)

16. Extinction of criminal liability (Art. 89-99; 94,97-99; RA 10592)

People v. Culas, 825 SCRA 552, GR 211166, June 05, 2017
Degaños v. People, 707 SCRA 438, GR 162826, October 14, 2013

16.1. Service of sentence

16.2. Amnesty and pardon

People v. Casido, 269 SCRA 360, GR 116512, March 07, 1997
See also Arts. 23 and 344 (by the offended party)

16.3. Prescription of crime

Yapdiangco v. Buencamino, 122 SCRA 713, GR L-28841, June 24, 1983
People v. Pangilinan, 672 SCRA 105, GR 152662, June 13, 2012
SEC v. Interport Resources Corporation, GR 135808, October 06, 2008
Zaldivia v. Reyes, Jr., 211 SCRA 277, GR 102342, July 03, 1992
Jadewell Parking System Corporation v. Lidua, Sr., GR 169588, October 07, 2013

Day 29 (Dec. 9)

People v. Bautista, 522 SCRA 742, GR 168641, April 27, 2007

Romualdez v. Marcelo, 497 SCRA 89, GR 165510-33, July 28, 2006
People v. Basalo, 101 Phil. 57 GR No L-9892, April 15, 1957
Francisco v. CA, 122 SCRA 545 GR No L-45674, May 30, 1983
Cabral v. Puno, GR L-41692, April 30, 1976
Arches v. Bellasillo, 81 Phil. 190 GR No L-23534, May 16, 1967
People v. Galano, GR L-42925, January 31, 1977

Section 410, RA 7160 (LGC)

16.4. Prescription of penalties

Del Castillo v. Torrecampo, 394 SCRA 221, GR 139033, December 18, 2002

16.5. Marriage
People v. De Guzman, 614 SCRA 221, GR 185843, March 03, 2010

16.6. Good conduct allowance (Article 97, as amended RA 10592)

16.7. Special time allowance for loyalty (Article 98, as amended by RA 10592)

Day 30 (Dec. 11)

17. Civil liability in criminal cases

Art. 100-113, RPC
Art. 20, 29, 32, 33, 34, 1157, 1161, 2176, 2177, 2205, 2206, 2219, 2230, CC
Rule 111, Rules of Court

Dayap v. Sendiong, 577 SCRA 134, GR 177960, January 29, 2009

People v. Jugueta, 788 SCRA 331, GR 202124, April 05, 2016
Nacar v. Gallery Frames, 703 SCRA 439, GR 189871, August 13, 2013
 Calang v. People, 626 SCRA 679, GR 190696, August 03, 2010
L.G. Foods Corporation v. Pagapong-Agraviador, GR 158995, September 26, 2006
People v. Teehankee, Jr., GR 111206-08, October 6, 1995

FINALS – Dec. 14 - 23

II. REFERENCES AND MATERIALS

Principal References: All cases, laws, circulars, and codal provisions as cited above are
required reading. Students may read books and commentaries for supplementary purposes.

III. GRADING SYSTEM

Recitation – 40%
Midterms – 30%
Finals - 30%

IV. COURSE POLICIES

Mode of classes
We will have synchronous online classes on Zoom. Recitation is mandatory. Only the person
called to recite can unmute him/herself. The rest of the class has to be on mute until called to
recite. Private chatting or messaging during class is not allowed and will be considered cheating.
The use of any aid during recitation is not allowed and will be considered cheating.

Classroom attendance
Attendance will be checked. Maximum allowable cuts is 6. You will not be called if you are
absent.
We will start on time. There will be no grace period. If you are not present when your name is
called, you will be marked absent.

Absences that exceed the maximum cuts will not be excused for any reason.

Others
Class will be advised in advance if there are additional cases to be assigned.

All other matters including but not limited to class attendance, classroom behavior, dishonesty,
cheating, and plagiarism shall be governed by the Student Handbook and/or other such official
policies and guidelines issued by the school.

No parties during class are allowed.

IV. CONTACT AND OTHER INFORMATION

Atty. Axel Rupert M. Cruz

amcruz@ateneo.edu
Consultation hours: by appointment
8997691 loc. 2127 or 2113
Ateneo Legal Services Center, Room 108