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The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) model

grain

G G: cannot produce outside of the curve


C C: efficient production point
U U: inefficient production point

cars

grain

12
the opportunity cost of increasing car production by 3 = 4 tonnes of grain
8

24 27 cars

grain

12
the opportunity cost of increasing grain production by 4 tonnes = 3 cars
8

24 27 cars

An increase in quantity & quality of resources and an improvement in technology pushes the curve outwards:
For both A and B for A only for B only

A A A

B B B

A decrease in quantity & quality of resources pushes the curve inwards:

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