Ministry of Higher Education and Research

Southern Technical University

Basra Engineering Technical Collage
Electrical Power Engineering department

Series DC-AC Inverters

Students Name :
Zainab hassan thahab
Ayad Bassem Masoud
Zahraa Mehdi Nehme
Alaa abdullah hachem
Kawthar saad kadhim

Supervisor :Dr. Rashed Almansory

stage / Study:
Fourth year / Morning
2022/1444

pg. 1
pg. 2
 DECLARATION

I declare that this project report of bachelor project title is the

result of my own research except as cited in the references. The
thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not
concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree.

Name
Student 1: Zainab hassan thahab
Student 2: Ayad Bassem Masoud
Student 3: Zahraa Mehdi Nehme
Student 4: Alaa abdullah hachem
Student 5: kawthar saad kadhim

Date: 3 – 7 – 2022

pg. 3
 APPROVAL

I hereby declare that I have read through this project report and
in my opinion this project report is sufficient in terms of scope
and quality for the award for the degree Bachelor of Electrical
Power Engineering Department

Signature
Supervisor Name : Dr. Rashed Almansory
Date: 3 – 7 – 2022

pg. 4
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this humble work to my father and to my mother who

gave me tenderness and love I tell them: You gave me life,
boredom, and upbringing with passion Knowledge and
knowledge and to all my brothers and my family then to
everyone who taught me a letter has become an age of lightning
that lights the way in front of me I dedicate this humble
research, hoping the almighty to find acceptance and success

pg. 5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to

my supervisor, Dr. Rashed Almansory the valuable support,
guidance and encouragement. He provided me with an excellent
research environment, left me enough freedom to do things the
way I thought they should be done, and was always available to
edit my work. His willingness to encourage me contributed
tremendously to this project. Besides, I am deeply and forever
indebted to my parents, brothers and sisters for their love,
support and encouragements throughout my entire life. Without
helps of the particular that mentioned above, I would not be
successful and might face many difficulties while doing this
project

pg. 6
Table of Contents

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................8
Ch1:Introduction .............................................................................................................................9
1-1 Classification of Inverter ................................................................................................. 9
1-2 The advantages of the single phase string inverter .........................................................11
1-3 The disadvantages of the single phase string inverter ....................................................11
CH2: Single Phase Half Bridge(Converter) Inverter .....................................................................12
2-1 Aim .................................................................................................................................12
2-2 Introduction .....................................................................................................................12
2-3 work principle ..................................................................................................................14
2-4 The Blocks and Parameters .............................................................................................15
2-5 Simulation........................................................................................................................16
2-6 Procedure .........................................................................................................................16
2-7 Report ..............................................................................................................................18
CH3: Single-Phase Full -Bridge Inverter .......................................................................................20
3-1 Aim ................................................................................................................................20
3-2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................20
3-3 work principle .................................................................................................................22
3-4 The Blocks and Parameters ............................................................................................23
3-5 Simulation.......................................................................................................................24
3-6 Procedure ........................................................................................................................24
3-7 Report .............................................................................................................................26
CH4: Practical implement of half -Bridge Inverter &
Practical implement of half -Bridge Inverter ……..…………………………………… 28
4.2. Circuit Diagram of half -Bridge Inverter …………………………………………… 28
4.3 Procedure …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28

4.4. Circuit Diagram of full -Bridge Inverter …………………………………………………………………………………29

4.5 Procedure…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29

CH5: onclusion ...........................................................................................................................30

References ............................................................................... 31
pg. 7
 Abstract

In this report, we will experiment single phase full bridge

inverter , single phase half bridge inverter and we will measure
the values of the output current and the output voltage with a
supply voltage of different values, and we will discuss the
practical results using Matlab and clarify the components of the
circuit
(Single Phase Half Bridge Inverter) comprises of two thyristors
S1 & S2, two diodes D1 & D2 and two wire DC source. The
circuit for turning ON and turning OFF the thyristor is not
shown in the above circuit to maintain simplicity. While
analyzing the circuit, it is assumed that each thyristor conducts
for the duration its gate pulse is present and is commutated as
soon as this pulse is removed

The power circuit of a (single phase full bridge inverter)

comprises of four thyristors S1 to S4, four diodes D1 to D4 and
one wire DC input power source Vs. Each diode is connected in
antiparallel to the thyristors viz. D1 is connected in anti-parallel
to S1 and so on.

pg. 8
 Chapter1
Introduction
An inverter is a device that changes or inverts direct current ( DC ) input to
alternating current ( AC ) output . It doesn't " create " or " make " electricity , just
changes it from one form to another.

1-1 Classification of Inverter

Inverter can be classified into many types based on output, source, type of load etc.
Below is the complete classification of the inverter circuits:

(I) According to the Output Characteristic

1. Square Wave Inverter

2. Sine Wave Inverter
3. Modified Sine Wave Inverter

(II) According to the Source of Inverter

1. Current Source Inverter

2. Voltage Source Inverter

(III) According to the Type of Load

1. Singl.Phase.Inverter

A. Half Bridge Inverter

B. Full Bridge Inverter
2. Three.Phase.Inverter

A. 180-degree mode
B. 120-degree mode

(IV) According to different PWM Technique

1. Simple Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM)

2. Multiple Pulse Width Modulation (MPWM)

pg. 9
 3. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM)
4. Modified sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (MSPWM)

(V) According to Number of Output Level

1. Regular Two-Level Inverter

2. Multi-Level Inverter [1]

Fig.(1-1)wave inverter

pg. 10
1-2 The advantages of the single phase string
inverter
1_are that it is smaller and easier to install than its three phase counterpart. And
due to the fact that it works so hard.

2_There are fewer parts to break when changing a battery, so they tend to last
longer. Since the inverter takes the power first from the batteries and charges them
up before feeding them into the main circuit.
3_Installing a single phase string inverter is actually quite simple. It is often just as
easy as disconnecting the wires from the wall, pulling out the old battery and
connecting the new one.

1-3 The disadvantages of the single phase string

inverter
1) The load voltage waveform has more distortion due to the time delay. This
distortion is specially high for frequencies less than the resonance frequency.
2) The maximum inverter frequency is limited to a value that is slightly less than
the circuit ringing frequency.
3) The commutating element must have high rating because these components
carry the load current continuously
4) Load current is drawn from the d.c. source only during one half-cycle and this
increases the peak current rating of the d.c. source.
5) The peak amplitude and duration of the load current in each half-cycle depends
on load parameters, resulting in poor output regulation for the inverter.

pg. 11
 Chapter 2
Single Phase Half Bridge(Converter) Inverter
2-1 Aim: To study characteristic of Single-Phase Half-Bridge Inverter with R
load

2-2 Introduction:
principle of single - phase half bridge inverter can be explained with figure (2-1).
The inverter circuit consists of two choppers. When only (Q1) is turned on for a
time (T / 2), the instantaneous voltage across the load Vo is (Vdc). If (Q2) only is
turned on for a time (T - T / 2). (- Vdc / 2) appears across the load.
The control circuit should be designed such that (Q1) and (Q2) are not turned on at
the same time.

The Circuit:

Fig.(2-1): (Circuit) Single Phase Half Bridge Inverter

pg. 12
The (rms) output voltage can be found by

⁄
Vo =( ∫ )

The instantaneous output voltage can be expressed in Fourier series as:

Vo =∑

The output of practical inverters contains harmonics and quality of an

inverter is normally evaluated in terms of the
following performance parameters

HFn =

Circuit Diagram :

Fig.(2-2)

pg. 13
2-3 work principle

Requires construction of a Single-Phase half -Bridge Inverter circuit. 2

electronic switches 2 diodes and a constant dc voltage source (divided into
two parts)
Mood I
The switch s1 is closed and the switch s2 is
disconnected. When the switch s1 is closed by
giving it a positive pulse, a current flows through
the closed circuit consisting of the constant dc
voltage source and the loa d and the switch s1 and
therefore the value of the output voltage "Vo" will
be the same as the value of the constant source
voltage, "Vs "

Mood II
Then switch s2 is disconnected, and switch s1 is
closed. Here, current will flow through the closed
circuit of DCV source, load and switch s2 in a
direction opposite to the previous case. Therefore,
the value of the output voltage is the same as the
value of the constant source voltage, but with a
negative sign, that is, its value is "Vs-"

As a result, a square wave will be generated

pg. 14
2-4 The Blocks and Parameters

1) Ideal Switch : from simpowersystems –Power Electronics .

Set the parameter of Internal Resistance equal ( 1e -4), and initial state
equal (0), Sunbber Resistance(Rs) equal (inf ) and Sunbber
capacitance(Cs) equal (0).
2)DC Voltage Source: from simpowersystems – Electric Source.
Set the Parameters value of Peak Amplitude equal (20) Volt .
3) Series RLC Branch: from simpowersystems –Elements.
To set this block at Resistance(ohm ) equal (100 ).
4) Pulse Generator(G1) : simulink lib. – Source.
Set the Parameters value of Amplitude equal (2), Period (sec) equal
(0.02 ), Pulse Width equal (50)and Phase delay equal (180*0.02/360 ).
5) Pulse Generator(G2) : simulink lib. – Source.
Set the Parameters value of Amplitude equal (2) , Period (sec) equal
(0.02 ), Pulse Width equal (50 )and Phase delay equal (0)
6) Ground (output): from simpowersystems – Connectors.
7) Voltage Measurement : from simpowersystems –
Measurements.
8) Current Measurement : from simpowersystems –
Measurements.
9) Scope : from Simulink –Sinks.
10) Display : from Simulink –Sinks.

pg. 15
2-5 Simulation:
1) From the File menu of the powerlib window ,open a new window
that will contain your first circuit and save it as (exp.13).
2) Set the parameters simulation (Simulation/ simulation parameters).
Set the parameter start simulation equal (0), stop simulation equal
(0.05), Solver option (ode23tb (shift/TR-BDF2) Relative tolerance
equal (1e-4) and Absolute tolerance equal (auto).
3) Run simulation (Simulation/Start).

2-6 Procedure :
1) Constitute the circuit shown in Fig. 3 in Matlab/Simulink
environment. At voltage source = 40 volt .
2) Measure the RMS current (Irms) from the display (Io) and RMS
Voltage (Vrms) on the display(Vo) . and set the values in table (1).
3) Draw the wave forms of output Voltage (Vo ) and output Current
(Io), by press Double click on the ( Scope).
4) Change the voltage source as in the table (1),and measure the values
of (Vo(rms)) , and (Io(rms)).

Table (2-1)
Vdc(volt) Vo (rms) Io(rms) (A)
40 20 0.2
50 25 0.25
100 50 0.5
400 200 2

pg. 16
Fig.(2-3)Wave forms of output voltage and current.

pg. 17
2-7 Report:

Q1- For the Circuit of Single-Phase Half-Bridge Inverter in (Fig.(2)) .Calculate

the, (Vo) , and (Io) at each voltage source, and then compare this value with the
practical value :
Q2- Design in MATLAB/Simulink program , Circuit of an Single-Phase Half -
Bridge Inverter. ,as following R = 300 Ω, and dc –voltage source (E) is (30V)the.
And then :
1-Measure the values of, (Vo(rms) and Io(rms)).
2-Draw the waves form of (output voltage and output of current signals).

Q1/

Vo = Io=

Vo = =25V Io= =0.25A

Vo = = 50V Io= = 0.5A

Vo = = 200V Io= =2A

pg. 18
Q2/
Table (2-2)
Vdc(volt) Vo (rms) Io(rms) (A)
30 51 0.11

Fig.(2-4)Wave forms of output voltage and current.

pg. 19
 Chapter 3
Single-Phase Full -Bridge Inverter
3-1 Aim: To study characteristic of Single-Phase Full -Bridge Inverter with R
load

3-2 Introduction
The single-phase full bridge circuit (Fig.4) can be thought of as two full-bridge
circuits sharing the same dc bus. The full bridge circuit will have two pole-voltages
(VAO and VBO), which are similar to the pole voltage VAO of the half bridge
circuit. Both VAO and VBO of the full bridge
circuit are square waves but they will, in general, have some phase difference.
(Fig. 5) shows these pole voltages staggered in time by ‘t’ seconds. It may be more
convenient to talk in terms of the phase displacement angle ‘Φ’ defined as below:

Φ=2

The Circuit:

Fig.(3-1) : Circuit Single-phase full-bridge VSI

pg. 20
The (rms) output voltage can be found by
Vo =
The output power

Po =

The peak current

Io =

Circuit Diagram :

Fig.(3-2)

pg. 21
3-3 work principle
Requires building a Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter circuit. 4 electronic
switches 4 diodes and a constant dc voltage source.
The idea of the department's work is as follows:
Mood I
switches s1,s3 are closed during the time
period (0 ≤ t ≤ T/2 ) By giving a positive
pulse to them, the two switches s2,s4 are
still disconnected, and therefore the current
will pass through the closed circuit
consisting of the DC voltage source, , the
load and the two switches s1,s3, so the value
of the output voltage "Vo" is the same as
the value of the voltage source "Vs "
Mood II
Then switches s1,s3 are disconnected and
switches s2,s4 are closed du ring the time
period (T / 2 ≤ t ≤ T), current will flow
through the closed circuit consisting of the
DC voltage source, the load and the two
switches s2,s4, in an opposite direction for
the period previous time. Therefore, the
value of the output voltage is the same as
the value of the constant source voltage,
but with a negative sign, that is, its value is
"Vs-"

As a result, a square wave with a maximum value of Vs will be formed.

pg. 22
3-4 The Blocks and Parameters

1) Ideal Switch : from simpowersystems –Power Electronics .

Set the parameter of Internal Resistance equal ( 1e -4 ), and initial state equal (0),
Sunbber Resistance(Rs) equal (inf ) and Sunbber capacitance(Cs) equal (0).
2) DC Voltage Source: from simpowersystems – Electric
Source.
Set the Parameters value of Peak Amplitude equal (20) Volt .
3) Series RLC Branch: from simpowersystems –Elements.
To set this block at Resistance(ohm ) equal (100 ).
4) Pulse Generator(G1) : simulink lib. – Source.
Set the Parameters value of Amplitude equal (2) , Period (sec)
equal (0.02 ), Pulse Width equal (50 )and Phase delay equal (0 ).
5) Pulse Generator(G2) : simulink lib. – Source.
- Set the Parameters value of Amplitude equal (2) , Period (sec) equal (0.02 ),
Pulse Width equal ( 50 )and Phase delay equal (0+180)*0.02/360).
6) Pulse Generator(G3) : simulink lib. – Source.
Set the Parameters value of Amplitude equal (2) , Period (sec) equal (0.02 ), Pulse
Width equal ( 50)and Phase delay equal (0+180)*0.02/360).
7) Pulse Generator(G4) : simulink lib. – Source.
Set the Parameters value of Amplitude equal (2) , Period (sec) equal (0.02 ), Pulse
Width equal (50 )and Phase delay equal (0).
8) Ground (output): from simpowersystems – Connectors.
9) Voltage Measurement : from simpowersystems – Measurements.
10) Current Measurement : from simpowersystems – Measurements.
11) Scope : from Simulink –Sinks.
12) Display : from Simulink –Sinks.

pg. 23
3-5 Simulation:
1) From the File menu of the powerlib window ,open a new window that will
contain your first circuit and save it as (exp.14).
2) Set the parameters simulation (Simulation/ simulation parameters). Set the
parameter start simulation equal (0), stop simulation equal (0.05), Solver
option (ode23tb (shift/TR-BDF2) .
3) Run simulation (Simulation/Start).

3-6 Procedure :
1) Constitute the circuit shown in Fig. 3in Matlab/Simulink environment.

A/ At voltage source =400 volt .

2) Measure the RMS current (Irms) from the display (Io) and RMS Voltage
(Vrms) on the display(Vo) . and set the values in table (2).
3) Draw the wave forms of output Voltage (Vo ) and output Current (Io), by
press Double click on the ( Scope).
B/ At voltage source = 100 volt .
2) Measure the RMS current (Irms) from the display (Io) and RMS Voltage
(Vrms) on the display(Vo) . and set the values in table (1).
3) Draw the wave forms of output Voltage (Vo ) and output Current (Io), by press
Double click on the ( Scope).
Table (3-1)

Vs(V) Vo (rms) (volt) Io(rms) (A)

50 50 0.5

100 100 1

150 150 1.5

400 400 4

pg. 24
Fig.(3-3): Wave forms of output voltage and current.

pg. 25
3-7 Report:

Q1-The single-phase full bridge has a resistive load of R= 2.4Ω

supplied from dc input voltage Vdc= 24V with switching frequency of ,f=50Hz.
And find the following:
A//A//- In theoretically determine the following:
1-The( rms) value of fundamental component of voltage.
2-The (rms) value of fundamental component of current.
3- The output powe

B// - Design in MATLAB/Simulink program , Circuit of an Single-

Phase Full -Bridge Inverter. And then :
1) Measur e the values of, (Vo(rms) and Io(rms)).
2) Draw the waves form of (output voltage and output of current
signals).

Q1//
Vo =Vdc Io =

Vo =50 Volt = 25W

Vo =100 Volt = 100W

Vo = 150 Volt = 225W

V0 = 400

pg. 26
Q2//
Table (3-2)
Vs(V) Vo (rms) (volt) Io(rms) (A)
24 24 9.999

Fig.(3-4): Wave forms of output voltage and current.

pg. 27
 Chapter 4
Practical implement of half -Bridge Inverter
& Practical implement of full -Bridge
Inverter

4.1 Practical implement of half -Bridge Inverter

4.2 The Circuit:

Fig(4-1)

4.3 Procedure:
1 - Connect the Single Phase Half Bridge(Converter) Inverter converter circuit on
the power electronic trainer .
2 - Turn on the power .
3 - Plot the waveforms of control circuit used to regulate the output voltage .
4 - By use oscilloscope , plot the inductor voltage and output waveforms on the
graph paper .
5 - Measure the output voltage by connects the VO meter across load resistance .

pg. 28
4.3 Practical implement of half -Bridge Inverter
4.4The Circuit:

Fig(4-2)
4.5 Procedure:
1. Connect the Single Phase Full Bridge(Converter) Inverter converter circuit on
the power electronic trainer .
2 - Turn on the power .
3 - Plot the waveforms of control circuit used to regulate the output voltage .
4 - By use oscilloscope , plot the inductor voltage and output waveforms on the
graph paper .
5 - Measure the output voltage by connects the VO meter across load resistance .

pg. 29
 Chapter 5
Conclusion

Inverter is a simple but versatile circuit .

At the end of this report, we were able, through this report, to shed
light on all aspects related to the subject of the report

To study characteristic of Single-Phase Half-Bridge Inverter

To study characteristic of Single-Phase Full -Bridge Inverter

The inverter is an important and commonly used electrical device in

the world. We tried to implement DC to AC inverter
and thanks for listening

pg. 30
 ‫‪References‬‬

‫‪1-Types of Inverters‬‬
‫‪-2‬الكترونيات صناعية و تحكم‬
‫الكترونيات القوى‬

‫‪pg. 31‬‬