ABSTRACT

GST was introduced on India in 1 July 2017. GST is also known as one nation one tax because in
it many indirect tax are combined and some of these taxes are value added tax(VAT),Excise
,sales etc. Implementation of GST leads to reform in taxation system. GST have various effect on
consumer durable goods. When the GST was first implemented, the GST tax where slightly
higher on most of the consumer durable goods but these GST slab rates were reduced form 28%
to 18% on many consumer durables goods and these changes in GST rates have impact on
consumer durables goods.

The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the changes in consumer view points and perception
in term of satisfaction towards the Impact of GST on consumer durables goods on Bhopal city.

V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Rationale of the Study 2
1.2 Introduction to taxation & GST
 Taxation system 2-4
 GST 5-11
1.3 Introduction to consumer durables goods 12-20
1.4 Justification of the study 21
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 22
2.1 International Review 23-24
2.2 National Review 24-26
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27
3.1 Objectives of the Study 28
3.2 Research Hypothesis 28
3.3 Scope of the Study 28
3.4 Research Design 29-30
3.5 Limitations of the Study 30
4 DATA REPRESENTATION AND ANSLYSIS 31
4.1 Data representation and analysis 30-50

VI
4.2 Hypothesis Testing 50-54
5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 55
5.1 Findings 56
5.2 Suggestions 57
5.3 Conclusions 58
BIBLIOGRAPHY 59-60
ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNIARE 61-64

VII
 CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Rationale of the study

1
The aim of the study is to obverse the impact of GST on consumer durable goods and to
understand the correlation between GST and price inflation on consumer durables goods. The
study will further add more information in the field of GST, particularly with the special
reference to consumer durable goods. Also this will help the future researchers to carry out the
further study more precisely.

1.2What is tax?

Taxes are the compulsory payment which is imposed by the government on the general public
for the welfare of the society. Taxes are the mean source of revenue for the government.

Taxes cover’s up to 90% of the total revenue of government. Taxes are the payment for civilized
society.

1.2.1Why are taxes levied?

Taxes are imposed on the people because they are main source of revenue for the government.
Revenue earned by government from taxation is used for meeting expenditure like, health care
facilities, for making of road and dams, for defense purpose, used for maintaining education
facilities.

1.1 What are the reasons for levying taxes?

1. Try to Improve standard of living of each and every citizens of the country
2. Try to reduce the gap between the rich and poor by applying more taxes on rich and giving
the subsides to the poor
3. For defending the nation against the unwanted factors like terrorist and other countries
which want to creates trouble for our country
4. Playing taxes is responsibilities which have to fulfill by each and every citizen of our
country.
1.2 different type of taxes as follows :-

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 COPRATE TAX

INCOME TAX
DIRECT TAX
GIFT TAX

MINIMUM
ALTERNATE TAX
TAX
VALUE ADDED TAX
(VAT)

SALES TAX
INDIRECT TAX
GOOD AND
SERVICE TAX

EXCISE

1.2.2TYPES OF TAXES

There are mainly two typesof taxes direct tax and indirect tax.

Direct tax

Direct tax is a type of tax in each burden of the tax can’t be shifted from one tax payer to other
tax payer or someone as. Following of the direct taxes are as follows:-

1. corporate tax
2. double tax avoidance treaty
3. fringe benefit tax
4. personal income tax
5. tax incentives
6. capital gains tax

3
 7. banking cash transaction tax

Indirect tax

Indirect tax is different from the direct tax. In indirect tax burden of the tax is shifted from one
taxpayer to another taxpayer. Some of the prime example of the indirect tax as follows:-

1. value added tax (VAT)

2. sales tax
3. services tax
4. custom duty
5. excise tax
6. Goods and services tax

Local taxes

These are those type of taxes which are levied by the government on the entity of goods, these
taxes are doctor tax and entry tax.

Income tax

Income tax is a tax in which taxes are charged or imposed on individual or an entire entity on the
bases of their income in the case of an individual and in the case of the firm, tax is calculated on
the bases of their profit which they earned within that financial year. Income tax may vary form
one individual to another individual on the bases of their income.

Consumption tax

Consumption tax is a tax which is based on the consumption of the individual and its different
form the income tax. Income tax is based on the income but consumption tax is based on the
consumption of goods and services, sales tax is an example of consumption tax. Consumption
tax is regressive in nature because each and every person will pay the same amount of tax on
goods and service. Let us explain this with an example virat kohli will pay the same amount of
money for a 5 rupee pen which is also same for a common people like me. In consumption tax
wealth of the consumer does not affect the price of the goods and services

4
1.2.3GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST)

The idea of GST is first given by the Kelkar task force in 2004, but because of some reason the
idea was dropped. GST idea again comes to light when the constitution (amendment) bill comes
to parliament on 14 December 2014. After taking all the suggestions GST finally becomes an
Act on September 8, 2016, and with help of the constitution (101st amendment act) force this act
to follow by both the state and center government.

GST stands for one nation one tax. GST is an indirect tax which made after combining 15
indirect tax. GST is a consumption tax. GST is a value added tax levied on sales, consumption of
goods and services. Goods and service tax is a destination based tax on supply of goods and
services and levied at all stages. Tax is bear by the consumer in the end.

GST is governed by the GST council. Under GST, goods and services are taxed at the following
rate, 0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28% and there is some special case in which the tax rate is 0.25%
on precious stones and 3% on gold. For the luxuries goods, GST charged rate is more than the
other goods and the rate is 28%. Goods which fall under the 28% tax rate slab are small cars, AC
and refrigerator, premium cars, tobacco, and aerated drinks.

1.2.4 History of GST

1. Vijay kelkar task force 2004 was the first ones to recommend the GST concept in India.
2. On 2006-07 union government was come up with the budget which also included GST.
This budget stated that GST will be applicable form 1st April 2010.
3. Committees of state finance minister after various meeting agreed on implementation of
GST in India.
4. Government issued first discussion paper in November 2009.
5. Finance minister said that the GST will be coming on April, 2011.
6. On 6th May, 2015constitution (122nd Amendment) has passed the lok sabha.
7. On June 14, 2016, finance minister released a draft in public domain for views and
suggestions.

5
 8. On 3rd August, 2016 the constitution (122nd Amendment bill), 2014 was passed by rajya
sabha.
9. (122nd) amendment bill, 2014 become an act after the Hon’ble president of India gives his
final assent on September 8,2016.101st amendment bill also being pass which force the
state and central government to levy this tax.
10. GST become fulfilled tax after replacing complex multiple indirect tax on 1 July,2017

1.2.5 Different types of GST taxes

CGST stands for central goods and services tax this tax is levied by the central government.
CGST is applicable within the state only, tax revenue goes to the central government and no
addition cares if the limit does not exceed 40 lakhs.

SGST stands for state goods and services tax this tax is levied by the state government. SGST is
applicable within one state only tax revenue goes to the state government and care only if the
limit exceeds 40 lakh

IGST stands for integrated goods and services tax this tax is combined levied by both central and
state government. Applicable within intra- state supplies and import. Tax revenue is shared
between the state and central government.

UGST stands for union territory goods and services tax. This tax is levied by U.T.Govt.

Tax revenue is collected by the U.T.Govt.

6
 •IGST stand for integrated gst
•applicable transaction between two state or one state and one UT
•tax is collected by central government and the revenue is shared between
IGST central and state government

•SGST stand for state gst

•applicable transaction is within the state
•revenue is collected by state government
SGST

•CGSTstand for central GST

•applicable transactionis within the state
•revenue is collected by the central government
CGST

•UGST stand for union territory

•applicable transaction within the one union territory
UGST •revenue is collected by the UT government

7
1.2.6 Taxes which are combined to form GST

Taxes which come under the SGST are as follows:-

1. VAT/sales tax
2. Luxury tax
3. Entertainment tax
4. Taxes on lottery, gambling and betting

Taxes which come under the CGST are as follows:-

1. Service tax
2. Central excise duty
3. Additional excise duty
4. The excise duty levied under the medical and toilet preparation act
5. Additional customs duty
6. Surcharges

Not subsumed tax/duties in GST are:-

Taxes under CGST which does subsumed comes under GST

1. Basic custom duty (BCD)

2. Excise on tobacco and petrol goods
3. Specific cesses
4. Central sales tax on liquor for drinking purposes

Taxes under SGST which does subsumed comes under GST

1. Alcoholic liquor does come under SGST

2. Taxes on entertainment do not come under SGST because they are collected by the
panchayat or municipality or by some local government bodies.
3. Stamp duty on transfer of immovable property
4. Tax on sale of electricity or tax on consumption

8
1.2.7SALIENT FEATURES OF GST

(1) Destination based principle: - GST is a destination based tax because tax revenue is
collected by that state in which the goods and service is consumed by the consumer.
(2) Dual GST: - In India we follow dual GST with CGST which is levied by the central
government and SGST which is levied by the state government. Union territories without
legislature are levy union territory GST (UTGST).
(3) Inter-state supply: In this tax is collected by the central government for the purpose of
not breaking the credit chain.
(4) GST on import: - In this tax is collected on import goods and tax while be levied on this
bases of inter-state supplies and should be subjected to IGST with the
In the case of service, tax is levied on the base of inter-state supplies and subject to
IGST.
(5) Items kept out of GST: - GST is not applicable on Alcohol for consumption and GST is
not applicable on petroleum product (crude, petrol, diesel, ATF, natural gas).
(6) Taxation on tobacco: - GST is applicable on tobacco product and Centre will also going
to charge central excise duty.
(7) Threshold exemption: - threshold exemption applies to both CGST and SGST.
(8) Exports are zero-rated: - In export GST is not charged and GST is levied on export at
zero rates.
(9) GST has multiple tax rates: - 0%, 3%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.

9
1.2.8 ADVANTAGES OF GST

GST is good for the economic. Its benefits government, consumer, stakeholders of industry. GST
help in reduce the price of goods and services. GST helps in making tax structure more
simplified. When the tax structure becomes simplified it attracts the MNC to our country.

1. One nation one tax: Aim of the GST is to simplify the taxation system and remove
economic barriers which will attract more MNC to the Indian market.

2. Exports from India are zero rated: government does not charge any GST on export thus it
will lead to making product more competitive in global market and which lead to boost in
the economy.

3. Tax payer’s friendly: the Aim main of the GST is to remove complexities and make it
more simplified for the tax payer’s to pay their GST.

4. GST is based on IT: GST is filled online which require less time compare to manual
taxpaying.

5. Boost to the economic growth: GST help in boosting the exports and manufacturing
activities generation for more employment which lead to increase in Indian economy.

6. Eradication of check post: e-bill leads to removal of check-post at the states boundaries.
Now, the flow of raw material and final product has become free, fast.

7. Boost to make in India product: GST have provided a boost to the made in India products
by making goods and services produce in India more competitive in the nation market as
well as in international market.

10
1.2.9 DISADVANTAGES OF GST

These are the drawback of the good and services tax in India:

1. Transition proved complex: when the marketer shifted to the new tax rate it produce
many problem to the marketer which leads to relaxations by the GST council.
2. Change in software: marketer have to shift their accounting which is ESP software to
GST software. Purchasing of new software lead to increase in the cost.
3. Multiple tax rate: GST have 5 tax slab rate 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.
4. Multiple state registrations: business now needs to register for GST in every state they are
doing or operating their business.
5. Professional needed: GST creates a need for a professional body in small business and
new formed business also need to Heir professional for GST works.
6. Increase in operational cost: by employing professional for GST complaint lead to
increase in the operation cost of the business.
7. Computerized GST: GST has to be filled online with the help of a computer but some
business does have computer on their small shops and many people do not know how
computer works which lead to many problem.

11
1.3CONSUMER DURABLES GOODS

Are a type of consumer product that does not wear out easily and therefore does not require
regular replacement, they are classified as "durable goods" and they are expected to last at least
three years without breaking. Consumer durables goods are divided into three parts

White goods, brown goods and consumer electronic goods.

What is CAGR?

CAGR stand for Compound Annual Growth Rate

12
 CONSUMER DURABLES INDUSTRY -INDIA

WHITE BROWN CONSUMER

GOODS GOODS ELECTRONICS
• Washing • Sewing • Television (TVs)
nachines machines • Laptops
• Refrigerators • Electric fans • Electronic
• Air • Microwaves accessories
conditioner(AC) ovens • CDs & DVDs
• Mixers&ginders • Digital cameras
• Rice cookers • Camcorders
• Cleaning
equipments
• Other domestic
appliances

13
Consumer durables goods has a market of Rs 76,400 crore in FY'19 and in the year 2019
ecologist estimated that the consumer durable market will grow up to Rs. 1.48 lakh crore (US$
21.18 billion) by 2025.Rural area generate 1/3 of total revenue of consumer durables goods and
urban area generates 2/3 of total revenue of consumer durables goods.

Revenue

0%

33% URBAN AREA MARKET

RURAL AREA MARKET

67%

Rural area and sub rural area will start show increase in the demand for TV, AC and other
consumer durables goods in the near future, which will lead to increase in 25% revenue. It’s
predicted the in the near future demand for the AC and Laptops will increase in the urban area.

1.3.1WHITE GOODS

The white goods market was worth $ 635.4 billion in 2019 and is expected to cross $ 1,031.0
billion by 2027, expanding at a CAGR of 7.8% over that period.Products which come under the
white goods are washing machine, Refrigerators and Air conditioner (AC). Washing machine
hold 40% of the white goods, refrigerators hold 28% of the white goods and AC hold 32% share

14
of white goods.

WHITE GOODS SHARE

32% Washing manchine

40%
Refrigerators

AC

28%

1.3.2 WASHING MANCHINE

Some salient feature of the washing machine is as follow:-

 Washing machines are divided into two categories: semi-automatic and fully-automatic.
Semi-automatic machines account for 70% of the washing machine market. Top loading
machines are semi-automatic machines.
 GST tax rate on washing machine have been reduce form 28% to 18%.
 GST tax rate redaction lead to price drop for washing machine, which makes the washing
machine more affordable and this lead to create more demand for washing machine into
the market for a period of time.
 Fully automatic can be divided into two categories: front load and top load. Top-load
machines are favored because they are less expensive.
 Big washing machine manufacturers in India include LG, Samsung, IFB, Whirlpool,
Videocon, and Godrej.
 Washing machine targeted customer are ladies.

15
  Most revenue earned in India comes for north India and in the east is the area which buys
the washing the least.

1.3.3 REFRIGERATOR

Some salient features of the Refrigerator are as follow:-

 The refrigerator industry is dominated by urban areas, which account for 75% of the
market.
 GST charged on the Refrigerator is 28% and this 28% lead to create price inflation for
refrigerator.
 Direct cool and frost free refrigerators are the two types of refrigerators on the market.
Single-door direct-cool refrigerators must be manually defrosting the fridge.
 Indian customers favor direct-cool refrigerators with a capacity of 170-190 liters.
 Frost-free refrigerators don't need to be defrosted and electric fans maintain even air
circulation. Frost-free refrigerators have two doors.
 There are three types of frost-free refrigerators: standard top-mounted, bottom-mounted,
and side-by-side.
 Top companies for refrigerators are as follows Samsung, LG, and Godrej.

1.3.4 AIR CONDITIONERS (ACs)

Some salient feature of the Air conditioners are as follow:-

 North India accounts for 38% of revenue, 30% in the south, 20% in the west, and
12% in the east.
 Voltas leads the room air conditioner industry with a 22 percent share, followed by
LG (16%), Lloyd Electric (16%), Daikin (13%) and Hitachi (13%) each, Blue Star
(12%), Samsung (8%), and others (3%).
 28% GST is charged on the air conditioners because they are treated as a luxurious.
 There are two types of air conditioners: fixed speed and variable speed (invertors
ACs)
 The majority of air conditioner makers use outsource and assembly model.

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1.3.5BROWN GOODS

Home and kitchen appliances make up the majority of the brown products category. Silent
feature

 In terms of market share, the top five competitors dominate 45% percent of the market.
 These are the products which come under brown goods Sewing machines, Electric fans,
microwave oven, mixer grinder, rice cooker, etc.
 GST tax rate for sewing machine 12%, electric fan is 18%, microwaves oven is 18%,
mixer grinder is 18%, rice cooker is 18% etc.
 As we can observe that 90% of the brown goods are fell under 18% tax slab rate.
 GST tax rate on brown goods when GST is been implemented is 28% but after some
time later government reduce the reduce GST rate by 18%.
 Top companies in the brown goods market are Havells, TTK prestige, Bajaj electrics and
Hawkins.

1.3.6CONSUMER ELECTRONIC

 Number of television households in the financial year 2021 is apparox 204 million.
 Flat panel displays mainly consist of LED/LCD/Plasma television sets.
 In 2021 more the 90% of the television is made up of LCD screen.
 GST tax rate of television & monitors (32inch or below) have been reduce form 28% to
18% and this reduction in tax rate lead to increase in the demand of television.
 GST rate on digital camera is still 28%.
 Leading companies in LCD screen marking market are Samsung Display, LG Display, Influx Crop,
CSOT, Sharp and Panasonic.

17
 1

1
Source: - • India - number of TV households 2018-2023 | Statista

18
1.3.7 New GST Rates 2020

There are some consumers durables goods which have seen reduction in GST slab rate from
28% to 18% .Some of them are as follows –

 Power banks of lithium-ion batteries

 Digital camera
 Video game console
 Video camera recorder
 Monitors
 32-inch television
 Vacuum cleaner
 Mixer
 Grinder
 Ice cream freezer
 Food processor
 Hairdryer
 Water heater
 Water cooler
 Electric ironing machines

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 2

1.3.8 Impact of GST on consumer durables goods

 When GST implemented in India on 1 July 2017. Most of the consumer durables goods
GST rates are very high (28%) which lead to increase in the tax burden on the common
public.
 GST tax rates player a major role on price fixation of the consumer durables goods.
 GST tax rates directly affect the price of the consumer durables goods.
 GST help in simplifying the taxation system which lead to attract more MNC into the
market which created competition for the consumer durables goods manufacturer thus
this lead to creates more buying chooses for the consumer.
 In 2018 GST tax rate of washing machine and TV & monitor (32inch) have been reduced
from 28% to 18% and this leads to create more demand for this goods in which GST rates
have been reduced.
 When government observe that the demand for some consumer durables goods of the
same market start losing its demand because of uncertain reason government reduce the
GST rates on those goods. Government wants to create equilibrium between demand &
supply.
 GST indirectly creates innovation into the market when the rates of some consumer
durables goods are high then the manufacture are forced to do innovation of new
products. Manufactures have to search for different ways by which they can reduce their
production cost and increase their profit.
 Sometime tax burden also shifted to the manufacture of consumer durables goods. This
type of situation occurs when there are many competitors in the market; these
competitors forced the manufacture to sell the goods at a loss.

2
Source:- GST Rates on Electronics - Impact on Electronics & Consumer Electronics (groww.in)

20
1.4JUSTIFICATION OF THE TOPIC

A study about the impact of GST on consumer durable goods, this study will help us to know
more about GST, what are effects on consumer durables. Taxes are the deciding factor which
affects the price of the goods. This study help the consumer to deeply understand how they are
been benefited from the implication of goods and services and what are the advantages and
disadvantages of the goods and services tax. With the help of data analysis consumer will be able
to compare the difference between the current indirect taxation system with the past indirect
taxation system.

21
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

22
23
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 International review

2.1.1(Benedict, 2011) Author examines the aspects of the Australian GST law that deal with
financial services in order to determine if they have been properly construed in terms of the
legislation's original meaning and how the issues raised can be addressed.

2.1.2(Emmanuel, 2013)Author explored the correlation between VAT, increased VAT costs, and
Nigerian economic development and tax revenue. The author has proposed two null hypotheses
for this analysis, both of which have been confirmed after the review has been completed. Given
the close relationship between the two, the author concludes that the government and authorities
should properly inform the consumers about the importance of VAT so that they can more
comfortably consider increases in VAT prices.

2.1.3(Fathi, 2012)Using a variety of experimental approaches, the authors investigated the

relationship between the rate of value added tax and public value added tax evasion. They come
to the conclusion that there is no correlation between the two since in many countries with high
VAT rates, enforcement is also high, and in countries with low VAT rates, evasion is high.

2.1.4( Ahmad, 2010)in this article, the author discusses the Pakistani government's plans to
introduce a general sales tax. The author has addressed Pakistan's current indirect tax regime, its
past, and the changes suggested by the National Taxation Reforms Commission, before
highlighting the problems and advantages of the proposed reforms.

2.1.5(Genpact, 2011)In this article, Genpact summarizes how the results of a study they
performed for a manufacturing customer who was subject to European VAT saved money as a
result of some procedure improvements in the client's handling of VAT-related compliances.

2.1.6(Gelardi, 2013)The author of the paper examined the potential effect on consumers of the
new National Consumption Tax to be implemented in the United States, as it would result in
higher prices for consumers. This new tax would be nationwide, in addition to the various states'
current sales taxes.

24
2.1.7 (Collins, 2014)in this article, the author examines and evaluates household payments to
direct tax and indirect tax revenues in Ireland. Furthermore, the importance of these donations is
examined in light of Ireland's latest indirect tax reforms.

2.1.8 (Zhou, 2013)in this article, the writers look at the Malaysian GST. The writers have
outlined the current problems in the Malaysian economy and compared them to the planned
GST. The effect of the goods and services tax on price levels, economic development, revenue
production, and other factors is also examined in the report. GST, according to the report, will
lower costs and raise GDP in general.

2.1.9 (Roshidi , 2016) Research aims to determine the extent of GST taxpayers' understanding
and interpretation in Malaysia. The participants in this sample were only 256 civil servants who
worked as secondary school teachers in the kaula kangsar district of Perak. Data is collected
with the help of questionnaire. The results reveal that the GST has a low to strong negative view
among respondents.

2.1.10(Feria, 2009)in this article, the authors compare indirect taxation in Australia and the EU,
focusing on financial services, to see if the Australian good and services tax system is better.
Even, if the Australian system is superior, are there any elements that should be introduced in the
EU?

25
26
2.2 National reviews

2.2.1(sharma , 2018)in this study author talk about the GST and its advantages and
disadvantages. History of GST in India is also been explained by the researcher, study also talks
about the effect of GST in India in consumer and will the GST will help the economic in the
growth or not. GST is a big leap in indirect taxation system. Study is based on proper fact and
primary date is called with the help of questionnaire. The question under the questionnaire is
easy to understand and with the help of thus questionnaire we can make an estimate whether the
consumer are satisfy with the GST tax slab or does it require some changes in it.

2.2.2(Garg, 2014)This study is based on the effects of GST and the historical context of Indian
taxes and tax system, as well as the obstacles, risks, and possibilities that GST presents to our
market economy. Based on the implications of GST with a brief history of Indian taxes and tax
structure, and addressed the potential obstacles, risks, and possibilities that GST presents to
improve our free market economy.

2.2.3(fintapp, 2017)this study is based on the consumer durable goods. This study talks about the
type of the consumer durable goods industries which are available in our country. There are three
types of consumer durable industries in India and these industries are as follows, white, brown,
consumer electronic. Revenue of consumer durables good industry and how much growth in
their revenue we can expect in the near future.

2.2.4(bhat, 2014)this article discusses about the e-governance of India's value added tax system
which is based in India and special preference is given to Goa and Kerala. Up until 2005, India
had a very complex sales tax scheme. In 2005, a number of states, including Goa and Kerala,
switched from sales tax to the Value Added Tax. The availability of ITC on imported products
was the key benefit of VAT.

2.2.5(Guptha , 2014)According to her research, implementing GST in the Indian context would
result in commercial advantages that are not available under the VAT scheme, which would
essentially contribute to economic growth.

27
2.2.6(Adhana, 2015)this study is based on GST and its type. What is the aim of this taxation
system and what are the opportunities that a free market economy would provide?This study
helps us to understand the concept of GST and what is CGST, SGST, and IGST are. In this study
GST concepts is well explained with well-defined examples.

2.2.7(Rajamani, 2018)this study is aim to determine the impact of GST on the Indian economy.
In this study author would like to share his knowledge regarding the GST. Study is based on the
concepts of CGST, SGST and IGST. In this effect of GST on different sectors is also shown and
what are the positive of GST and its negative where explained in the full detailed.

2.2.8(BHATIA, 2020)This study is based on the impact of GST on export goods and author tell
us how we can to export at 0% GST and are the ways by which we can claims this 0% GST rate
on export. This study is based on the detail analysis of the data related to the export. In this study
author talks about LUT methods by which we can claim 0% GST rate on exports.

2.2.9(control, 2021)This article is based on the GST revenue collection of 31 march 2021 in this
year GST revenue collection breaks all past record by collecting 1, 23,902crore of which CGST
is Rs 22,973 crore, SGST is Rs 29,329 crore, IGST is Rs 62,842 crore (including Rs 31,097 crore
collected on import of goods) and cess is Rs 8,757 crore (including Rs 935 crore collected on
import of goods)," according to an official statement.

2.2.10(times, 2016)this article is based on the consumer durables goods tax slab rate should be
come down from 28% to 18%. Consumer have to bear the GST tax burden on consumer
durables goods because of high tax rate its lead to increase in the price of consumer durable
goods.

28
 CHAPTER -III

RESEARCMETHODOLOG
Y

29
3.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 To understand the relation between GST and price inflation of consumer durable goods
 To understand GST more deeply.
 To understand consumer durables goods more deeply.
 To find out the advantages and disadvantages of GST.

3.2 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0:- There is no significant difference between the education qualification level and their
satisfaction towards the current GST slab rates of consumer durables goods.

H1:- There is significant difference between the education qualification level and their
satisfaction towards the current GST slab rates of consumer durables goods.

3.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is done for finding out the effect of GST on consumer durables goods and on
consumer views on GST. This study is based on the respondent/consumer selected form the
Bhopal to find out their consumption pattern. Respondent are selected form the mixed group
which is wider difference in understanding. Scope of the research is small because of its limited
area.

3.4 RESERCH DESIGN

 Geographical area: this research is based on the respondent which is located in Bhopal.
 Duration of the study: 1 month
 Simple size: 100respondentsare selected for filling questionnaire.
 Sampling technique: judgment sampling is taken for the study (Those respondents are
select which have knowledge regarding GST)
 Data collection instrument: Information gathering is very important for any researcher.
Information is divided into two parts primary data and secondary data. Primary data is a
type of data in which data is collected by the researcher and it’s done by taking

30
 questionnaire. Secondary data is a type of data which is already been collected by the
other but its utilized by the researcher.
In this study researcher have taking primary data for analysis purposes.
In primary data questionnaire is created with the help of Google form and this form is
based on the topic impact of GST on consumer durable goods. In this questionnaire
respondent are selected form Bhopal.
Secondary data
Journal
Research paper
Internet
Books
 Data collection producer:
Primary data is collected with the help of a questionnaire which was in the form of
Google form. This Google form is distributed among the respondent of Bhopal with the
help of social media apps like Facebook, twitter, WhatsApp, Instagram, Discord etc.
this a type of a questionnaire which should be fill out by yourself and this questionnaire
is divided into two section and these section are section A and section B. In section- A
question are consist of personal information and these information are Age, Gender,
Qualification, Marital Status, and Occupation. In Section-B question are based on
question which are related to the research and fulfill the research objective and its 10
question.
 3.5. LIMITATION OF THE RESERCH:

1. This study is conducted in a limited area which is Bhopal so it’s not applicable to
all the cities
2. This research is conducted at a time when our country is going through a pandemic
because of which it create price hike in the market which gives us misleading data
regarding GST rate on consumer durables goods.
3. Data given by the primary data (questionnaire) may not be correct because its fill by
my friends, family and the data collected from this questionnaire may be misleading
to some reader.

31
 CHAPTER-IV

DATA REPRESENTATION

&ANALYSIS

32
Tables 4.1 In this respondent has been differentiated on the bases of Gender

Number Age group No. of respondent Percentage

(%)
1. Male 48 47%

2. Female 40 39%

3. Prefer not to say 12 12%

total 100 100%

Age group

12%

Male
48% Female
Prefer not to say
40%

Interpretation

33
After seeing the above chart and table we can say that 47.5% respondent are male,39.6% are
female and 12.9% are not comfortable to tell their gender so they selected prefer not to say.
Majority of the respondent are male.

Table 4.2.In this respondent has been differentiated on the bases of marital status

Number Marital status No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Married 64 64%

2. Unmarried 36 36%

Total 100 100%

Marital status

Married
36%
Unmarried

64%

34
Interpretation

After seeing the above chart and table we can say that 64% respondent are married and 36%
respondent are unmarried. Majority of the respondent are married.

Table 4.3. In this respondent has been differentiated on the bases of marital status

Number Age group No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. 18-25 34 34%

2. 25-35 29 29%

3. 35-45 23 23%

4. Above 45 14 14%
Total 100 100%

35
 AGE GROUP

14%

34% 18-25
25-35
23%
35-45
Above 45

29%

Interpretation

After seeing the above chart and table we can say that34% respondent belong to 18-25 age
group, 29% respondent belongs to 25-35 age group , 23% respondent belongs to 35-45 age group
and 14% respondent belongs to above 45 age group. Majority of the respondent belongs to age
group of 18-28.

Table 4.4. In this respondent has been differentiated on the bases of Occupation

Number Occupation No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Businessmen 29 29

2. Student 28 28

3. Professional 28 28

4. Any other 15 15

Total 100 100%

36
 Occupation

15%
29% Businessmen
Student
Professional
28%
Any other

28%

Interpretation

After seeing the above chart and table we can say that 29% respondent are Businessmen, 28%
respondent are student, 28% respondent are professional and 15% respondent have selected Any
other option which are consumer . Majority of the respondent are businessmen.

Table 4.5. In this respondent has been differentiated on the bases of Qualification

Number Qualification No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Graduate 45 45

37
 2. Post graduate 33 33

3. Any other 22 22
qualification(Under-
graduate)

Total 100 100%

Qualification

22%
Graduate
45%
Post Graduate

33% Any other quilification (under-

graduate)

Interpretation

After seeing the above chart and table we can say that majority of the respondents are under-
graduate. Graduate respondents are 45%, post graduate respondents are 33% and any other
qualification respondents (under-graduate) are 22%. Thus it can be concluded that majorities of
the respondents are under-graduate and post-graduate.

Table 4.6. Classification of the respondents on the basis of their perception regarding whether
GST is good for the economy

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

38
 1. Yes 64 64

2. no 25 25

3. maybe 11 11

Total 100 100%

Responses

11%

Yes
25% No
Maybe
64%

Interpretation

By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are in favour
of good and service tax is good for the economic 64% respondent are in favor, 25% are not the
favour of the GST and 11% are confuse so they are going in favour of GST, These respondent
are not 100% sure about the GST but they think maybe GST is good for the economy.

Table 4.7.In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether “GST increase
the various legal formalities? Responses is divided into 5 categories- strongly agree, agree,
neutral, disagree, strongly disagree.

39
 Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Strongly Agree 28 28%

2. Agree 40 40%

3. Neutral 12 12%

4. Disagree 10 10%

5. Strongly disagree 10 10%

Total 100 100%

Responses

10%
28% Strongly Agree
10%
Agree

12% Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
40%

Interpretation

40
By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied
with the statement that ‘GST increase the various legal formalities’. 40% respondent are agree
with the statement, 28% are strong agreeing the statement was correct,12% respondent are
neutral with their decision, 10% disagree with the statement and 10 % strongly disagree with the
statement. Majority of the respondents are with the statement hence which stats that GST
increase the legal formalities.

Table 4.8. In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether “Does GST
increase the tax burden on the common people? Responses is divided into 5 categories- strongly
agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Strongly Agree 28 28%

2. Agree 41 41%

3. Neutral 11 11%

4. Disagree 9 9%

5. Strongly disagree 11 11%

Total 100 100%

41
 Responses

11%
28% Strongly Agree
9%
Agree

11% Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
41%

Interpretation

By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied
with the statement that ‘GST increase tax burden on common people’. 41% respondent are agree
with the statement, 28% are strong agreeing the statement was correct, 11% respondent are
neutral with their decision, 9% disagree with the statement and 11 % strongly disagree with the
statement. Majority of the respondents are with the statement hence which stats that GST
increase the tax burden on common people.

Table 4.9. In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether “Does GST
increase the tax burden on the businessmen? Responses is divided into 5 categories- strongly
agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Strongly Agree 21 21%

2. Agree 36 36%

42
 3. Neutral 12 12%

4. Disagree 19 19%

5. Strongly disagree 12 12%

Total 100 100%

Responses

12%
21%
Strongly Agree
Agree
19%
Neutral
Disagree

12% Strongly disagree

36%

Interpretation

By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied
with the statement that ‘GST increase tax burden on Businessmen’. 36% respondent are agree
with the statement, 21% are strong agreeing the statement was correct, 12% respondent are
neutral with their decision, 19% disagree with the statement and 12 % strongly disagree with the
statement. Majority of the respondents are with the statement hence which stats that GST
increase the burden in the businessmen.

43
Table 4.10. In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether “Does GST
hard to understand? Responses is divided into 5 categories- strongly agree, agree, neutral,
disagree, strongly disagree.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Strongly Agree 21 21%

2. Agree 30 30%

3. Neutral 21 21%

4. Disagree 19 19%

5. Strongly disagree 9 9%

Total 100 100%

Responses

9%
21%
Strongly Agree
19% Agree
Neutral
Disagree
30% Strongly disagree
21%

44
Interpretation

By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied
with the statement that ‘GST is hard to understand’. 30% respondent are agree with the
statement, 21% are strong agreeing the statement was correct, 21% respondent are neutral with
their decision, 19% disagree with the statement and 9 % strongly disagree with the statement.
Majority of the respondents are with the statement hence which stats that GST is hard to
understand.

Table 4.11.Classification of the respondents on the basis of their perception regarding whether
“Does GST is beneficial in long run. Responses is divided into 3 categories- Yes, No and Maybe

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Yes 61 61%

2. No 20 20%

3. Maybe 19 19%

Total 100 100%

45
 Responses

19%

Yes
No
20% Maybe
61%

Interpretation

After seeing the chart and table we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied with the
statement that GST is beneficial for long run. 61% respondent are agree with the statement, 20%
respondent does not agree with the statement and 19% are bit confused but they are with the
statement. Thus majority of the respondents are with the statement hence which stats that GST is
beneficial in long run.

Table 4.12.In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether “GST is a
good method to replace the sales and service tax? Responses is divided into 5 categories-
strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Strongly Agree 10 10

46
 2. Agree 22 22

3. Neutral 24 25

4. Disagree 26 25

5. Strongly disagree 18 18

Total 100 100%

Responses

10%
18%
Strongly Agree
Agree
22%
Neutral

26% Disagree
Strongly disagree
24%

Interpretation

By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are not
satisfied with the statement that ‘GST is a good method to replace the sales and service tax’. 26%
respondent disagree with statement and 18% respondent strongly disagree with the statement,
24% respondent are neutral about the statement, 22% respondent agree with statement, 10%
respondent strongly agree with the statement. Majority of the respondents are against the
statement hence which stats that GST is a not good method to replace the sales and service tax.

47
Table 4.13. In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether “Will GST
lead to increase in the friendly competition of the firm. Which leads to innovation for new
consumer durable product? Responses is divided into 5 categories- strongly agree, agree, neutral,
disagree, strongly disagree.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Strongly Agree 11 11%

2. Agree 29 29%

3. Neutral 21 21%

4. Disagree 18 18%

5. Strongly disagree 21 21%

Total 100 100%

Responses

11%
21% Strongly Agree
Agree

29% Neutral
18% Disagree
Strongly disagree
21%

Interpretation

48
By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied
with the statement that ‘Will GST lead to increase in the friendly competition of the firm. Which
leads to innovation for new consumer durable product. 29% respondent are agree with the
statement, 11% respondent are strong agreeing the statement was correct, 21% respondent are
neutral with their decision, 18% disagree with the statement and 12 % strongly disagree with the
statement. Majority of the respondents are with the statement hence which stats that GST ‘’Will
GST lead to increase in the friendly competition of the firm. Which leads to innovation for new
consumer durable product’’

Table 4.14.In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether.’’ GST is been
imposed on consumer durables good which lead to create price inflation for consumer durables
goods’’. Responses is divided into 5 categories- strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly
disagree.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Strongly Agree 21 21%

2. Agree 49 49%

3. Neutral 14 14%

4. Disagree 12 12%

5. Strongly disagree 4 4%

Total 100 100%

49
 Responses

4%
12% 21%
Strongly Agree
Agree
14%
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
49%

Interpretation

By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied
with the statement that GST is been imposed on consumer durables good which lead to create
price inflation for consumer durables goods’’49% respondent are agree with the statement, 21%
respondent are strong agreeing the statement was correct, 14% respondent are neutral with their
decision, 12% disagree with the statement and 4% strongly disagree with the statement. Majority
of the respondents are with the statement hence which stats that GST28% GST is been imposed
on consumer durables good which lead to create price inflation for consumer durables goods’’

Table 4.15.Classification of the respondents on the basis of their perception regarding whether
“Are you satisfied with current GST slab rates which is imposed on consumer durable goods?
Responses is divided into 3 categories- Yes, No and Maybe.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

1. Yes 66 66%

2. No 21 21%

50
 3. Maybe 13 13%

Total 100 100%

Responses

13%
Yes
No
21% Maybe

66%

Interpretation

After seeing the chart and table we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied with the
statement that GST with the current GST tax slab rate on consumer durable goods. 66%
respondent are agree with the statement, 21% respondent does not agree with the statement and
13% are bit confused but they are with the statement. Thus majority of the respondents are with
the statement hence people are satisfied with the current GST slab rate which is imposed on the
consumer durable good.

Table 4.16. In this we are trying to classify respondent thought regarding whether “Does GST
attract more MNC into the market which will help in price reduction of consumer durables goods
by creating competition into the market? Responses is divided into 5 categories- strongly agree,
agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree.

Number Responses No. of respondent Percentage (%)

51
 1. Strongly Agree 27 27%

2. Agree 43 43%

3. Neutral 13 13%

4. Disagree 13 13%

5. Strongly disagree 4 4%

Total 100 100%

Responses

4%
13%
27% Strongly Agree
Agree
13% Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
43%

Interpretation

By analyzing the above chart and tables we can say that the most of the respondent are satisfied
with the statement that” Does GST attract more MNC into the market which will help in price
reduction of consumer durables goods by creating competition into the market? goods’’43%
respondent are agree with the statement, 27% respondent are strong agreeing the statement was
correct, 13% respondent are neutral with their decision, 13% disagree with the statement and 4%
strongly disagree with the statement. Majority of the respondents are with the statement hence
which stats that GST attract more MNC into the market which will help in price reduction of
consumer durables goods by creating competition into the market.

52
Hypothesis testing:-

Chi square test-

Chi square test is selected for testing the hypothesis for this study.

Formula of chi square =

Where,

X2C= Valueof chi Square

Oi= Observed Variables

Ei= Expected Variables

i = No. of position of the variables

Observed variables

This are the variables which is measured by the researcher and they are data which is available
on data files (data that has been measured and recorded). Variables are divided into two type’s
discrete and continuous variables.

Observed variables

Two-square Table for Observed Value

Satisfied Educational Qualification

Under-Graduate Graduate Post-Graduate Total

YES 15 32 18 65

53
NO 2 11 9 22

MAYBE 5 3 5 13

Total 22 46 32 100

Expected variables:-

Formula for expected variables= (Row Total* Column total)/ Grand Total

Thus,

Expected value of 15 will be:

Ei = (row total *column total)/Grand total

= (22*65)/100

= 14.3

After finding all the expected value, table will be as follows:-

Expected value

Two-square Table for Observed Value

Satisfied Educational Qualification

Under-Graduate Graduate Post-Graduate Total

YES 14.3 29.9 20.8 65

54
NO 4.84 10.12 7.04 12

MAYBE 2.86 5.98 4.16 13

Total 22 46 32 100

After finding out both observed value and expected value we can calculate the value of chi
square

Calculatingthe chi square X2,

X2= (Observed value –Expected value) 2/ Expected value

Value of X2 for the first value would be:

X2= (15-14.3)2/14.3

= (.7)2/14.3

= 0.0342

55
 = 0.0342

Observed Expected value O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

value
15 14.3 0.7 0.49 0.0342

2 4.84 -2.84 8.0656 1.6664

5 2.86 2.14 4.5796 1.6012

32 29.9 2.1 4.41 0.1474

11 10.12 0.88 0.7744 0.0765

3 5.98 -2.98 8.8804 1.485

18 20.8 -2.8 7.84 0.3769

9 7.04 1.96 3.8416 0.5456

5 4.16 0.84 0.7056 0.1695

6.1027

X2= 6.1027

Finding the value of degree of freedom form the chi square distribution table

56
 Calculating the degree of freedom= (No. of columns-1)*(No. of rows-1)

Degree of freedom= (3-1)*(3-2)

Degree of freedom = 4

CHI square distribution table:

According to the table value of expected Chi square at degree of freedom 4 and at 0.05 level

of significance is:

Expected X2=9.488

Interpretation

57
As the value of calculated chi square (6.1027) is less than the value of expected chi square
(9.488), the null hypothesis Ho is accepted.

CHAPTER V

RESULT & DISCUSSION

58
5.1Finding of the study

 Mainly most of the respondents are Male.

 Most of the respondents are married.
 38% respondents belong to the age group of 18-25.
 29% respondents are businessmen.
 45% respondents are graduated.
 Perception of the respondent towards the GST is positive and they think that GST is
good for the economy.
 Perception of the 69% respondent towards the GST is that the GST wills increases the
tax burden on the common people.
 68% respondent is responded that GST increased the various legal formalities.
 36% respondent agrees that GST will increase the tax burden on the business.
 Perception of the respondent towards the impact of GST in long run will be beneficial
for the economy.
 40% respondent agrees that the GST will lead to increase in the competition for
manufactures of consumer durables goods.
 70% respondent are responded that GST is been imposed on consumer durables good
which lead to create price inflation for consumer durables goods.
 Most of the respondents are responded that GST is hard to understand.
 Consumers are highly satisfied with the current GST slab rates which are imposed on
the consumer durables goods.
 Respondent agree that the GST tax will attract more MNC into the market and this will
leads to create more competition into the market for consumer durables goods and more
competition will leads to reduction in the prices of the consumer durables goods.

59
5.2Suggestions

 The respondent/consumer suggested that there should be simple, transparent and easy
to understand provision in GST.

 Government should try to reduce the slab rate of consumer durables goods if possible,
because some people are very poor and for them to purchase a consumer durable goods
are like a dream which they can only fulfill once in a lifetime.

 For some middle class businessmen which are computer illiterate government must
provide training program in which their doubts related to GST can completely be
cleared.

 The government must make sure that the GST revenue is properly managed.

 Government must provide incentive/subsides for small scale domestic manufacture of

consumer durable goods.

 Government must reduce the GST tax rate on energy-efficient products/eco-friendly

like 4 star, 5 star, and inverter air conditioners and refrigerators and this will leads to
create more demand for these consumer durables goods.

60
5.3 Conclusion

This is based on the overall highlight of good and service tax and its impact on consumer durable
goods in Bhopal. Government must make different information platform in which information
regarding GST can be collected easily and this information must been in a format in which it can
be easily understand by the consumer. Goods and services understanding among the consumer
must be good and this good understanding will help in creating a positive perception towards
GST. Bhopal custom department must spread awareness regarding impact of GST on consumer
durables goods. Bhopal custom department must aware people about the positive of GST and
this will leads to create goods perception of consumer towards GST.

61
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63
 ANNEXURE

QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

Question:

Q1) Gender

A) Female B) Male c) prefer not say

Q2) Martial status

A) Married B) Unmarried

Q3) Age Group

A) 18-25
B) 25-35
C) 35-45
D) Above 45

Q4) Occupation

A) Businessmen
B) Student
C) Professional
D) Any other

Q5) Qualification

A) Graduate
B) Post graduate
C) Any other qualification(under-graduate)

Q6) Is GST good for the economy?

A) Yes
B) NO
C) Maybe

64
Q7) Does GST increase the various legal formalities?

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

Q8) Does GST increase the tax burden on the common people

A) Strongly agree

B) Agree

C) Neutral

D) Disagree

E) Strongly disagree

Q9) Does GST increase the tax burden on the businessmen

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

Q10) Is GST hard to understand?

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

65
Q11) Does GST is beneficial in long run

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

Q12) GST is a good method to replace the sales and service tax

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

Q13) Will GST lead to increase in the friendly competition of the firm. Which leads to
innovation for new consumer durable product?

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

Q14) GST is been imposed on consumer durables good which lead to create price
inflation for consumer durables goods.

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

Q15) Are you satisfied with current GST slab rates which is imposed on consumer
durable goods?

66
A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly disagree

Q16) Does GST attract more MNC into the market which will help in price reduction of
consumer durables goods by creating competition into the market?

A) Strongly agree
B) Agree
C) Neutral
D) Disagree
E) Strongly dis agree

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