HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN
AQUINO – issued
RIGHTS
Throughout much history, people acquired
rights and responsibilities through their
membership in a group – family,
indigenous nation, religion, class,
community, or state.
 Most societies have had tradition
similar to the “golden rule” of
“Do unto others as you would
have them do unto you”.
The origins of human rights may be found
un both Greek philosophy and the various
religions.
18TH CENTURY
Age of Enlightenment – concept of human
right emerged as an explicit category.
TH
6 CENTURY
Achaemenid Persian Empire of ancient Iran
– established unpreceded principles of
human rights.
576 OR 590-530 BC
CYRUS THE GREAT – issued the Cyrus
Cylinder which declared that citizens of the
empire would be allowed to practice their
religious beliefs freely and abolished
slavery.
MIDDLE AGES
CONCEPT OF LIBERTY: Became gradually
separated from statues and came to be
seen not as privilege but as a right of all
human beings.
FRANCISCO DE VITORIA AND BARTOLOME
DE LAS CASAS
- Laid the (doctrinal) foundation
for the recognition of freedom
and dignity of all humans by
defending the personal rights of
the indigenous peoples
inhabiting the territories DECEMBER 10 1948 – UN General PRESIDENT CORAZON C.
colonized by the Spanish Crown. Assembly adopted the Universal Executive Order No. 27 on July 4 1986
declaration of Human Rights in Paris
HUGO GROTIUS EO 27 – ordering the then Ministry of
 Also designated for the Human Education, Cultures and Sports to include
- One of the fathers of modern Rights Day human rights courses in the curriculums of
international law all levels of education and training in all
20TH CENTURY schools
JOHN LOCKE – developed a
comprehensive concept of natural rights  The term “human rights” replaced OCTOBER 30 1987 – President Aquino
earlier expressions such as: issued Proclamation No 177 declaring 3-10
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU – elaborated
December of year as National Human
the concept under which the sovereign  Natural right – lex naturalis
Rights Week
derived his power and the citizens their  Natural law – jus naturale
rights from a social contract  Law of nations – jus gentium 1994 – RA 7722 put the Commission on
Higher Education in charge of supervising
FRENCH DECLARATION DES DROITS DE
public and private institutions on higher
L’HOMME ET DU CITOYEN – where the
learning, including degree granting
term human rights were first appeared HUMAN RIGHTS TODAY: A GLOBAL
programs in all post-secondary educational
CONTEXT
19TH CENTURY institutions public and private
1919 – countries established the
TREATY OF BERLIN OF 1878 – accorded COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS – a
International Labor Organization (ILO) to
special legal status to some religious constitutionally created institution under
oversee treaties protecting workers with
groups the 1987 Constitution with a mandate to
respect to their rights, including health and
“Establish a continuing program of
safety
 Also served as a model for the research, education, and information to
Minorities System that was  The essence of emerging human enhance respect for the primacy of human
subsequently established within rights principles was captures in rights.
the League of Nations President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s
1941 State of the Union Address
 The need for international standards when he spoke of a world founded on
on human rights was first felt at the four essential freedoms:
end of the 19th century when the
industrial countries began to 1. Freedom of speech
introduce labor legislation 2. Freedom of religion
3. Freedom of want
BERN CONVENTION OF 1906 – prohibiting
4. Freedom of fear
night-shift work by women can be seen as
the first multilateral convention meant to HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
safeguard social rights.
Over the last 400 years, the Filipino people
JUNE 26 1945 – signing of the Charter of have suffered under the first 330 years of
United Nations brought human rights Spanish Colonialism and then further 45
within the sphere of international law years of American Rule
CHARTER OF UNITED NATIONS – contains 1987 Constitution – upholds the dignity of
a number of articles specifically referring to every human person and guarantees full
human rights respect for human rights
1946 – United Nations Commission of  Also requires educational
Human Rights was established institutions to promote respect
for human rights (Art 14, Sec 3,
1987 Constitution

CHAP 2: GENERAL NATURE AND
DEFINITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS
- Rights inherent to all human
beings, regardless of race, sex,
nationality, ethnicity, language,
religion, or any other status.
- UN HUMAN RIGHTS: those rights
inherent to people and without
which people cannot life as true
human beings
- PCHR: supreme rights, inherent
and inalienable rights to life,
dignity, and self-development
CONCEPT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: based on a
belief that every human being is entitled to
enjoy his or her rights without
discrimination
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS:
1. Inherent – not granted by any person
in authority. Cannot be bought,
earned or inherited.
2. Fundamental – without them, life and
dignity of man would be meaningless.
3. Inalienable – cannot be taken away
4. Imprescriptible – do not prescribe and
cannot be lost even if man fails to use
them
5. Indivisible – cannot be denied even
when other rights are enjoyed
6. Universal – universal in application. It
is enforceable without national border
7. Interdependent – fulfillment or
exercise of one cannot be had without
the realization of the other
CLASSIFICATION OF RIGHTS AND THE
THIRD GENERATION
ACCORDING TO ASPECT OF LIFE:
CIVIL RIGHTS – rights which the law
enforce at the stance of private individuals
for the purpose of securing them the fulfill them, but this depends on behavior which uphold human
enjoyment of their emans of happiness the availability of the resources. rights
3. Action – taking action to defend
POLITICAL RIGHTS – rights that enable us THIRD GENERATION SOLIDARITY RIGHTS and promote human rights
to participate in running the affairs of
government either directly or indirectly - rights that go beyond mere civil
and social
ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND SOCIAL RIGHTS - “Green rights” THREE MAIN ELEMENTS OF HUMAN
– rights which law confers upon the people - The most debated and lacks RIGHTS EDUCATION:
to enable them to achieve social and both legal and political
economic development recognition 1. Acquisition of knowledge and
skills about human rights
CULTURAL RIGHTS – rights that ensure 2. Development of respectful
the well-being of the individual and foster values and attitudes and
preservation, enrichment, and dynamic CHAP 3: CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS changed behavior that reflects
evolution of national culture EDUCATION human rights values and;
3. Motivation of social action and
BY UNITED NATION DECADE FOR HUMAN empowerment of active
RIGHTS EDUCATION citizenship to advance respect
ACCORDING TO SOURCE:
for the rights of all
HUMAN RIGHTS – training, dissemination,
NATURAL RIGHTS – God-given rights, and information efforts aimed at the
acknowledge by everybody to be morally building of a universal culture of human
good. rights through the imparting knowledge CHAP 4; THEORIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN
and skills and the molding of attitude. RELATION TO HUMAN RIGHTS
 Unwritten but prevail as norms
EDUCATION
of the society. PREAMBLE TO THE UDHR:
THEORIES OF SOURCES OF RIGHTS:
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS – rights which “Every individual and every organ of
are conferred and protected by the society to strive by teaching and education RELIGIOUS OR THE THEOLOGICAL
Constitution which cannot be modified or to promote respect for these rights and APPROACH
taken away. freedoms”
- In Biblical tradition, individuals
STATUTORY RIGHTS – rights which a4r HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION derive their human dignity
provided by law promulgated by the law- through God’s creation
making body and consequently. - Aims to build an understanding
- Duties to others in the
and appreciation for human community are grounded in the
THREE CATEGORIZATIONS OF HUMAN rights through learning about covenantal relationship to a God
RIGHTS OFFERED BY KAREL VASAK rights and learning through that has delivered a people from
rights
FIRST GENERATION CIVIL AND POLITICAL slavery and oppression
RIGHT MAIN GOALS OF HUMAN RIGHTS NATURAL LAW TEHORY
EDUCATION:
- liberty-oriented
- Accepts that law can be
- sometimes called, “blue rights” Human rights education encompasses:
considered and spoken of both a
- deal initially with liberty and
sheer social fact of power and
participation in political life 1. Knowledge and Skills – learning
about human rights and practice, and as a set of reasons
for action that can be and often
SECOND GENERATION ECONOMIC, mechanism for their protection a
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS s well as acquiring skills to apply are sound as reasons therefore
them in daily life normative for people reasonable
- security-oriented rights 2. Values, Attitudes, and Behavior – to addressed by them
- referred to as “red” rights developing values and
- impose upon government the reinforcing attitudes and - MAINSTREAM: “of reason”,a s in
duty of respect and promote and “the law of reason”
 of society as help for the
unemployed etc.
THE POSITIVIST THEORY
THE UTILITARIAN THEORY
- Legal Positivism: the thesis that
the existence and content of law - Core foundation of utilitarianism:
depends on social facts and not The greatest happiness principle
on its merits - States that actions are right in
- Legal Positivism: theory of law proportion as they tend to
that sees law as based on social promote happiness and wrong
facts as they tend to produce the
- Positivism based on the Latin reverse happiness
word “Positum” – meaning to - Theory: Form of
put, place or set Consequentialism: the right
- Says that they do not determine action is understood entirely in
laws or legal systems exists. terms of consequences produced
- What laws in force in that
system depends on what social THEORY OF JUSTICE
standards its officials recognize
- According to John Rawls, Justice
as authorative.
is the first virtue of social
THEORY OF MARXISM institutions as truth is of systems
of thought
- Karl Marx: legal relations and - Takes into account the
forms of the state are not globalization of human rights
grasped from the general and the need for non
development of the human mind discriminatory rules
but rather have their roots in the
material conditions of life and
the anatomy of civil society as
determined by political economy.

THE SOCIAL APPROACH

- Under the functional or

sociological theory, human rights
exist as a means of social control
- Sociological Approach lays
emphasis of obtaining a just
equilibrium of multifarious
interest among prevailing moral
sentiments and the social and
economic conditions of time and
place
- It is the PRAGMATIC PRINCIPLE,
William James advocated that
the essence of law is simply to
satisfy the needs of people
- This approach was developed in
the earl 20th century when were
demands for a variety of wants
occasioned by the development