sip and continuous to refer tothe present the fire of & general situation. imple and continuous t refer toa hypoteticl Past that didnt actually happen. + Sometimes we use the past Sometimes we use the past perfect For aloft situations below withthe past sale and past connie vith the verb to be after and he/she/it, there i Fovataice of was orwere. 7 wish was rich / |vish | were rich | | «+ Bath was and were are common in informal Engish but were S sometimes more aporopriat ‘dis always used inthe phrase If] were YOU in formal, written Enalish feet litte a TT [scummcsaeatia tio” | Ceereeuerse sae eye | Sat ro ome mails cottons | ghee ae dlrs wih | | tims om tsa one n oat {ee Unit 11 for more information) ene ee ened vou wee given oni os what wouyay send | 2 Jo consider hypothetical or nikely cet fre | SRC= | nati you wee walking down the sect ‘and you suddenly found a wallet? Would you hand it in? had won the lottery dng there for 40, or general tuations suatons | Suppose you lst gh, What woud you have done | Imagine youd been work ears, What kd of pension sould you have 60? | To consider hypottetieal or ukely past si instead of past simple or past continuous after these words and phrases. This ore likely to happen. | iionaire, how wilt change yOu ilionare, how would it change your li We can also use a present tens indicates thatthe situation is m 7 Supposing you become a Mi Y Supposing you became @ i rite? (more likely ife? (less likely) | as if / as though untrue, hypothetical | she acts as if/though |For ure, fre geet! she was a mone. | compass | Ste acs 2s ough ne wore making 2 lion pounds 3 month or past untrue, hypothetical comparisons } Tony looks as though someone had jst handed him a milion euros, | Tony 09k Zs tough they'd been working or Fee j ‘When the verb betore as f/Ahoughis in a present of present perfect tense, we only use a Past TENS for comparisons | isin resent spe wore real wea. = She's nota weal | ossible, ve use| that we know arent true hen te verb before as though sa present or resent Perfect ‘tense, for comparisons that are Pt ipeggent or present perfect tense after a5 NOU 2 she Took as if she's realy weal. ( = Its very Pos ‘When the verb before as f/though isn a past tense, we use 2 Pa either true or hypothetical. ate oe god asf she was realy weal but Knew she was / 50 maybe she was. sible that she is wealthy) st tense after as /Ahough for comparisons that ere | \ 106(Wea eas fo spend, madam? How much money did you want t tbe able to give me some advice. Iwas wondering wither you migh ‘Ta make questions and requests more polite it’s (high/about) time It’s (high/about) time | got 2 mortzage. It's (high/about) time we were leaving. “To suggest that something should be done now in the immediate future often no real difference in meaning between past simple and past continuous. V it's time Iwas going home. ut not after it's high/about time, With t's thigh about) time, there is Its time | went home. © We can also use ful infinitive after It’s time, bt It's time to think about getting a loan. Pe ie SLA For current, general or future preference “Jan would rather/sooner we bought a house than carried on rent. Would you rather/sooner | was beggim For past preference We'd rather/sooner you hadn't lent Kurdlp the money. ‘used to talk about preference regarding someone else. When are infinitive, or would prefer + ful infinitive, to borrow any money f Would rather/sooner + past there is no change of subject, ¥ She'd rather not b -simple/continuous is only ‘we use would rather/sooner + be ney from you. ¥ She’ Unreal tine ‘Unit 13 Do you wish you had a bigger house? only [was earning a reasonable salary. IFonly fd bought a lottery ticket this mornit Carla wished she'd been keeping a much Wishes about now, the future or Wishes about the past ‘closer eye on her investments. ‘When wish sn the past simple, its stil flowed by the past simple or past continuous for c wished that he had a bigger house, Isat there and wished Iwas earning 2 reasonable s.r. Cerra e LAL To criticise other people or wish for a situation Wish / If onl Tiwish they would offer me a pay rise. I wish | could find a job that pays well J wish | could have got a mortgage with a fixed interest rate. | wish to speak to the bank manager. I wish him every suecess. Wish / If only + could Wish / If only + could + perfect infinitive ‘Wishes about abilty or permission Wishes about past ability or permission ‘To express desires in a very formal way Wish + full infinitive fo wish someone luck/happiness/success/ete | Wish + noun We do nat usaly use would when te subject of wish she same asthe subject of would. T ace wish to express desires about a eal, possible future, Pete wishes he cart / could earn more. We can use hope instead, Kish the cheque-orrivestomerrow: —_ ¥ ope the cheque arrives fomorrow, 1 |Unit 13 Secor mse waridaATEens had had Were we Had the Romans been had employed did not have hadh't (been) developed were/was did hadn't been/wasn'tyweren't hadn't done hed decided were/nad been saying/said did't have hadn't been invented stopped had just been told could spoke was proved /were proved /had been proved became were given/had been given woke were couldn't op waorvHTswre im ayaa a had grown up had been dragged ‘was going/were going had been doing had hed wishes was rolling/were rolling wasn'/weren't had happened did you want was looking were wondering/wondered wanted ‘Were you planning/Did you plan Did you wish/Were you wishing Were you laoking Did you want was hoping/hoped ed hoped ‘dave did you intend/were you intending ‘was wondering/wondered ‘would he paying/would pay stopped looked/were looking bought todo started fo get up were given tobe made was allowed too learnt/were learning to tocall had came back you didnt tell we got went was lving/lived she was sent/were sent we dict talk/not talk you'd told have they hadh't stayed H 1 had 2 ran/were running 3 hada’ left 4 cidert 5 would come 6 sang/could sing 7 ave gone 8 to speak 9 hope 10. they would give 11 tuck 12. was/had been 13 you'd been 14 wasn't going 15 hadn't been evounene woomE>o> ee would rather not be given only we had got/we had only got wish they'd stop | could have seen 5 about time they brought 6 if Cynthia hadn't rung, Bone 2 eee inven oa