age tome No ef F lel bate Ql / 31/35 AEROSPACE. FLIGHT. MECHANICS. “[ntvoduction..o Sight mechanics ok an caiveraft . eclealh Anatomy _ uel 3 mont: i BASIC MR CRAFT GTRUCTVRE. _2 Airerath Components fh Is ols ny A. Fuselage _ —_— nn 8. Wings ad 5 C. Empennage or Tail i Q. Power Plant E. Landing Gear or \inder crag FUSELAGE. wintivs ohare oe nil dnyh oily ” Maan body. of cir dane sewer sik ou 7 Pile and Carp compartments ? Generally costructed. tw }\N0. oF Wore gecHons. 7 Gorries accessovies.and.sther equipments. > Includes numerous access..doors, insteckinn. plates; __lotding, weds, and ather_operings CoMemo No Date / / \NING. > Mirfoilg attached 40 a side__of he Luselage- > Moin Leng surfaces 7Norious design. size and shape > May be. attached at the. top, middte,,.or lower portion. of the fuselage - OCH HIGH WING MIO WING LOW WING” Dihedro| ANing. = To pronste stability wilten Aig ond Auning, diewings are. slanted up from the glone’s body, which is mopirolhy..stivefed _Iww_on the fuselage: Nedlr —is 4 Ba ‘et Memo No, Pees cla ele beled l#To] Date / / Antedral_ wing - This is one of the least fequert \wing layouts, with justo handE! of current cincaft usitg it: When. otter: seckions of. the plane _contytyte {oo_mich lateral stability , anbedval Wings. Ore. often utilized 19 lessen stability. —O Gull Wing Configuration - a dihedral wing shape that angles upwards vight at the oly The pri- Mary ation for Me development of gull wings Was 40 provide sufficient space. for engines and grpellers, == panei Se Bera gt } |Memo No. sa] su] Date / I lmuerted gull ANMQ, - The wings are inverted and installed at the bottom of the airplane and then choot rapidly dawnward, resembling an_ inverted diltedral, with this wing layout Then, like a conventional dihedral wiry, {hey lig Kick back upwons ~ each wing generates. its oven long failed) “Ni” shape. a Types. of Aivcraf + Wings based on Shape and. Design Rectangular: Wing - The most basic wing, not_ontly int terms_of cog nition but also in ferms of construction owing. fo.ts simplicity: [opened Stnight Wing A for qmre_cerodynomic design Overall, this fapeter, form_subs~ tonially boovie| tite plane'sMemo No. eS i Date / / Beer efficiency « Elligtical Wing ~ One of the most efftiont and aery- dynamic. wing forms ever cevicel. Its tery eflicent in terms. of aerodynamics __since_the entire wing way Denefit fon the wing’ curve ond the reculting Tif} distnibution ow vept_V Wing - They are wing tips that are cet buck relolive to the base where they are aftivedl tothe fuselage are. The. form of ewept back wings actually decreases drag during flight, which is a significant benefit. Delta Wing - Triangular - shaped wings that ore : feinorily eiloyer| with super sonic. aiecraft Mm certain conditions. They have. Fhe ..flistinck benefit of being effejent. ir yh subsenic, acl_supersonic Flight:Y Aw [we] Memo No. [nl [=] Date / I >The number of wings. con also. yary ~ Monoplanes ~ Diplones Stressful component, ih all the part, ond. changes! pr. EMPENNA GE > Know ag toil section 7 Consist of —Nertical: Stabilizer ~ Rudder - Horizontal. Stabilizer m™ E levolors 7 An airplane's. foil design is importont becouse it ddbilizes and covtrds the Girplane in. both up- and down movements of. sith ond. side- to-cide move - mers of yaw - TYPES: OF AIRPLANE DESIGN Conventional Yoi- The. rt common form, It has ote vertical: slobilizer placed at the tapered tail secon of the {usclage aea me horizontal. stabilizer divided ito. two ports, neon each side of the vertical sbbilizer. T- Tail Design —4.common voration of He con- ventional tal, the horizontal stabi __lizer_ is pogitioned.at the tep_of the verlicul slobilizer, The horizontal stabilizer is then above the propeller flow, or prop wosh, and the. wing cake. Gruciform ~ Tail Design - an obvieus. comprortise..betwe- en the conventinal ancl T- fai designs . The hon zontal stalriizer Is movet! port of He way up the vertical stabilizer. Dual Tai Desn - jn which fhe two vertical stblicas ore plead at the evds of the. horizont! sa - bilizers , was. af one. time_trirly common on lawge flying Barts. ave! tin erigine propeller driven Dowbebs -fl A Aw Memo No. __ wo] Tu Date / / Triple.-Tail ic z wih two perl vertical stabilizers placed of the ends of the ends of fhe honzonh/ = Stabilize anc one_mountel 2 on the. Fucelage.,..is attractive when the height of the vertical Stabilizer must meet certain resfridigns, uch as Fagor - dor heigh - V= Toil Design — sometimes called the “butterfly” ta has had limited application in_ainplane design, the most significant is that two: surfaces. might serve the same ~ function as the three reguived in the conventivnal fail qnel x _vantans. Inverted Y- Toil Design ~The inetd Y talk actually a._conyentfona|.. fal! with 9 noticeable drowp. do. the horizonal debi lizers.ey A al MemoNo. we | T | Fr Date ! I wo] Te Fane Tail Design ~The twin toi) iso feolure _0F varius air superioyi fightherc used oy both the FI ond FfA- 18 ‘Boom- Tail Design ~ Boom tails are ysed when on aircral fs fuselage does _nok extend enhrely back fo fhe hon'20n fal stabiiizer. Multiple = Plane, Tai Design ~ the obsolete mullite - plane tail design has. tuo or more horizontal sta- bilzers POWER PLANT ” A unit or machine that converts. chemical energy @bloms. in the fuel to thrust fore - 7 Thrust fece ic escential__for moving the one forward and pradtng litt dive - — 7 Wi e_pisBAB Memo No. Date / / Comert. torque.at engine. shaft +0 be thrust. 2 With the jet engine, the jet-engine oufput is. the thrust farce . . LANDING GEAR > Located urtlemeath of Ihe fuselage with shock strut : > Fixed | Retractable 7 Provides means of landing taxiing > Tri - cyde — Conventional type Floating gear for seaplane | ski ~ equipped for jce_ surface landing etc... - — Material use jn Aivfrome Construction AIRFRAME MATERIALS PROPERTIES + High Strength to Weight. ration ~ Light Weight — Corrosion Resistant = Should be non Flommabl,Memo No. ____ Date Ui / e = High. avait —7 Example of Material use in widens Construchion * WOOD (Spruce) *GTEEL and ITS ALLOYS (Strong) * ALUMINUM arg ITS ALLOY (Common use) + TITANIUM ALLOYS (Heat Borviers) © MAGNESIUM. ALLOYS (3 fimes lighter than ne "PLASTICS ond COMPOSITE MATERIAL (Combination of different material onc! the aircra/t in present days are $040 to 10 wade oF this nateral) 7 Fuselage _ Strucure BASIC STRUCTURE THPES = TRUSS. TYPE * PRATT TRUSS * WARREN TRUSS — MONdcOQUE — SEMI- NONDCOQUECae aA Memo No. Date / / wf] * [5] TRUSS TYPE - a early aircrabt. used. this Hebnique with wood..and_wite frusses...ond_{s_ type oF strudure is cfill_in' sein many _ gle weeht aircraft using welded! sfee! tube: HMsses- = assembled with members favnlag a pqid frame beoms, bar, fube ct... Primary members oF te. drusc are 4 hryerons: PRATT. TRUSS * Eorly days * Wooden or metal Strdure + Greah_ Weigh © Difficult to streamline i + Box with fubulor longjerons aud! verdcol members » WARREN. TRUSS *Lovgerans ond only dfaagonal Rembers : + fore franster do every others sfivcture .Memo No. _ Date ! I “+ (opoble fo carry fensjon ancl compression Reduce amount Of web works + More spice , Wing Structure ‘ = Many high wing airplanes haye external breces or wing struts, Which transmit te flight onct landing “hads Fhagugh the struts to the men fascloge shuc cfure. Semie- cantilever - g type of wing structure, vyhere The wing struts are usvally aHahed approximately Iola, out on fhe wing - : Full cantilever — wing ckcigned! Yo curry Focus wyith- out exernol siruts. In whith few high ~ wing and! mut low ~ wing oir planes have .Memo No. Date / ! \NING PRINCEPAL STRUCTURAL PARTS + SPARS «© RIBS + STRINGER S ; * Rein forced by ttuses , I-beams, tubing, oF other devices trcluding the skinc ~ The wing ribs determine the chpe ae thicknec of he wing (airfoil) = In most modern airglanes, the fuel tanks _eidher gre ane. inkgal gort_of the wing structure , or consict | of flexible coniners mourted jnside of the wing TWO TYPES OF CONTROL SURFACES | Ailevons Y Mtached fo dhe rear, or Jrailng, edges. of winge Flaps Aiterons ~ extend from bout Yhe midpoint of each wing. out ward! toward the ¢ip anc move In_opposte. directions 70 Creake _gerealynamiz finces that causes He airplane 40 roll.isi) a w Memo No, ——__. Fr [sa | su Date / / Flaps - extend. $9. outward from. the fuceloge to _—Nteor_midpoint of each wing ing normally flush with the wing's surtece dy cruising Flight ~ When extended, the Flops move Simultaneously downward to increace the Nbting force of dhe wiry fry take offe ant! lorting y Empennage Strucure ~The correct name for the 44il section of an airplane _is. empennag ¢..- ~The empennage includes the entire tail gre , con- siting of the tired surlaces sych as. the _verhial stabriizer ancl the honzonfal_ stabilizep . ~The movable surfaces. include the Wudder, the ele Vator, on) one oré. mate trin tebs. : “A second type of: empennage . eigh . res_rot tequie 0h elevator. Stobilator He ir intarporates g are piece Noviz ontal_stabj- lizer_thot pivols tom a central hinge peinMemo No. Date / ! This is a ype. of empennege design ancl is moveo/ ucing. the. contvol tick, .jusl.as you would the elevator. Rudder - attached to she back of dhe_verhcal __ stabilizer. ~ During flight, itis yet! in. combindlt6n_ with the ailerons for fyrne - ~ His used w move fle airplanes pose left and right - Elevator ~ which is attached to the back of the hizo stabilizer . ; ~ used fo mug te mse of He aiplane wp ant! : down drirgy flight. Trim fobs simall, movable portions of the. trailing edge of He comyol surtwe. - These movable fri fobs whith. ate controled fw capt, rede nh pressures - ~ Trim fabs may be incteley wn the o/ leone ve rudder ond for HE eleyalor:478 MemoNo, e n als) Date / / > Loading Saar Staoture = The principle cup ort of the airplane when rhecl, taxiing , taking off, ov when landing . — The most common type of landing gear consists of wheelc., but airplanes._con also be equipped with {hae tir voter operations, or chic for nding on SMW ; — Longing gear consitc of three wheek - two may wheel and a third wheel posittoned either ath the front or rear of the airplanes — Landing gear employing a rear mounted wheel is called conventhivma| landing gear. Con venhonal landing gear — comekivres referred to a6 dail wheel aivplangs. Nowe whee! ~ when Phe Phgid! wheel ix Wawel on the rave on! the design i relerred fo a a ficyde gear. = A cheeroble nose wheel Ov dail wheel permits the airglne fo be _conoler| throughout all AMemo No. Date / / perall ons while on the grout => Power Plant f ~The powerplant usually includes both the engne ond the propeller ‘ -Jhe primary tunchon of he engine is f_provitle the power fo tum. the propeller . —_H also generates electrical poner provides 9. vacla un stance fo some flight intruments, arclin mest siigle - engine airplanes , proviges..a source OF heal for. tte pilot gna passengers. — the engine is covered by a cow ling or in He cace ot come dinglanes , stirrounded by a racele . Cowling ov Nlacelle - to streamine dhe fw of oir around the eryine ond to help cool dhe engine by ducting air ground de cylteders Propeller ~ mounled on ¢he front gt He engine, fonclatee Me wbating fyce_ ot He Ome into_a forwadl J PSJ A A Memo No. rll Papell) Date / I a rR acting frce_callel fhrust that hee move the pone themgh He gir. +\tng fod Mount __oibetal ~ Commonly ce on commercial airglane since fuel is carry on wig « lesc pase “CL man is mot 4s. goo) as fuselage moun. ~Yawing monent effect i ~ Grand cleoronce limifation higher gear strut. + Fuselage Mount ; ~ Clean wing , high CL wae , chover fake off. 7 No ground. clearance limitation = less young ctfect — Weight penalty tt Cg. ang! lord dlstributi ~labin Noise and Vibrabion .oy | a Memo No. —— reve] o [Jo] ] pate / Dirty Dozen ue + Lock OF Communion > Pressure 2 Distradion 6 Lock..of oworehes 3-Lack of Resources 4 Lack of knowledge 4. Stress i Fatigue AN 5. Complorency in Lack of assertivenes ye Lock of teamwork Norms. FLIGHT-INSTRUMENT: The Six Pack The "six pack” references. the. aie. main Aight instrament ino cockpit, displayed with Hite instruments «lacked! ontop of free other instruments. Pitot = Static. Flight Instrum ents The_pitot ~ static. flight iushument.« are. entrtve..fo reoare. from the plone's notin _thrugh fh a and are_otached tothe pitot.—stakic._.eystem of fhe Ot crafMemo No. V 7 hinspe peed ‘ed lndicahr fn ospeed_ indiceror meas nes _an aipplanes iepeed, v Miteter An altimeter measures the aircrof t+ hegh! obtve an sea level (MSL), which is correcta! fr afmapheric drences.: V Verte Speco! Indicator the vertical speed inshrument defermines fhe rate of w_cirott}s climb o descent, measured jin Feet per minute (fpm)- G-yrascopre Instroments byrscpe Ihctrmente ore eller yocauin eet’ on -Presutel_powerey. Y Alidude Iniclor Uta ox afte incicolr ow aviohww con dekrmne it the lee ]AB = Memo No. Mo] tu [we | t»] Fe [50 su Date / / birch ic descenting , climbing, stright and! level or : turning f wv Heigl Indicator the heading indicalor uses 4 rotating gyre 5 which ‘noe the plot of on arent} tein, cimilar_fo_@ tag: neko compass. v if) Coordinator During a turn, an displane will roll ond you y Me sane. fie, which is uhy a turn coordinator 1% Inporkant, A turn. coovehndlor._ displays initial_yoll rate..gnel then tmp role when a_r0ll_is_stobly zedanF Memo Nose asses eteueecee Date SPACECRAFT STRUCTURE october 4, 1457 The Space. Age began with ge the launch of Sputnik f. Sputnik L- - This satelite qerated unt van ne FSIS, J pois Tt con sisted of an aluminum bi sphere with g &¢ cenhmeter diameter, 2 radio trans im ters, 4 antenna _ond total weight a of 83.6 kg. : ta, Chandra Sysfen — Jounched in 1999. Spacecraft Operation Characteristics ‘Long Autonomous lite (15 years) * Mipinnal._ Repair as * Requirement for gracetul degradation - Meovotive = — secuscea eseeeaaces * Corecion teidorh : Eee ettee ee eee ee ae ee fy cy Memo No eee mle [=|=] Date / Two Cotegory of Spacecraft structure + Strutted structures __~_ truss + Central Cylindrical shell struckure ~ monccoque Apical _Lounch.Nehicke Structures Payload Faiving /Shell ~ to protect its payload Stage Structures Thrust Structures Payload Adaptors ‘ Payload | Space caf Lounch Vehicle ENGINE ANATOMY Heat Engine - Converts chemical energy (Fuel) : \nto Neat energy: ~ Fhen. converted into Mechanical Chemgy. Fuet+ Ait+- Heat» Forces Usetut-werkMemo No. __ Date ! I Reciprocating Engine - a type of heat engine that derives its name from dhe back - and -_ forth, ov reciprocating movement of. its pistons. Reciprocating Engine examples 4 stroke engine five key events common fo all internal combushon engines - Intake, Compression Lenition, Power, & Exhaust, 2 stroke engine ~ must ge through four events: niake , compression , power, ond exhaust. : Stiling engine - 1 utilizes the four_Dasic Therimdynamics, procesces. of rotating energy convers jon * Compression , Sxpansion , heat add |Memo No. — pate ‘Types! of Retipmimting_ Engines. Radial Engine Inline. Vertical Engive ~ Single row - \p line Upright Double row - \n line Inverted ~ Mulfiple vow ~ Vight - medium _arcrabt ~ powerful drag \l-type Engine Oppesed Cylinder Engine ~ \i type. Upright ~ boy engine 2M type Tnverted - Stondard ~ Double Vor Fan hype - cancels vibration — moste power ful ENGINE CLASSIFICATON Heat Engines — Engines that converts heat energy fo mechorical energy * Wpes of Combustion Engines (HENT ENGINES) 1 External Combustion Engine 2. Lnterval Combustion Engine,Types of Talagal Conuston Evgines ie Reciprocaking Engines (RE) 2. Jet Engines HISTORICAL POINTS Hero —_a.writer and mathematician in 250 BL devised a toy thot Used the reaction principle. The toy, called the geohpile Keolipite = Tt is consisted of g covered Kettle of water tot was heated 4o produce steam. Newton's Reabtion principke — Hwo bodies jinteract Whey apply forces tp , ote another. - Dr. Sanforel Moss - began the his fory of mechanical je propulsion in_ 19.00. - Became an engincer for the General Electric Company. = Hlavelop_ the Jurbo super chargerMemo No. / Date Gir Frank Whitte — Royal Air Force officer and is_seen_as the father of yet engine propulsion» - Granted his first patent for the ergine..in_ 1720. ~ Only 22 years olf when Ne first {pought fo_use ages durbine engine fo power.ah airplone - ans Von hain - German Engineer, physicist and berody namiist,.. considereet the designer of jhe. first operah- b onal turbs je} engine: z Design and. build.a jet cngi'te that produced! | ]b0 pounds .oF thrust - ~ This engine. was insfallecl in the Heinkel He 179. Gincrat anol made a successful flight on August: 27,4:gaa Memo No. gua : moNo. __ b eS aa Tet Propul sion = Bescribed as. the propelling ; force generated Inthe. direction opposite dw the flow of a mass of gas oy Iyuicl ulader pressure Which_I's escaping Pheugl a hile or openity calee/ ict mzzle De loyal Turbine, — The first working inpulse turbine - Twi Woys on Ho to Increase Jet Ergne Thru tIncrease Me speed or _ekhaust gases: *Incredge the quuantity of exhaust gases. Note: —_Inctease engine thrust will make_an_airenaht. tly faster.ry E 1s 1A Memo No. ——____ Te wo] [we] [Fs] 5] Date ! t t Factors Affecting Thrust + Environmental — Air density — Altitude a Airspeed 1 98 Nie Temperature » Air, Pressure. 2 Ram Pressure Folesn mental : 7 Air speed : t 4 ; ~>~ = = E | Wek Air temperature > Airspeed, Va ——> Divs density. decrences as temperature, dec rease_and. the lower the density of the cir, dle le Hon gn erie _can foecucees Aw MemoNo, Cerne Date | / eer Air Temperature: ~ Aiv Pressure oy Kir fomp eroture, —> Tnercasing Pressure im Ram Pressure * esutant effect 2 aa ‘ 5 ee aBAA [role [ve [> [re] [54] Date / ! Memo No. Reaction Engines — an engine that develops fhvust by. the Pocused -expulston of mater , especially ignited fuel Gases - Types of Reaction. Engines Non - Air breathing reaction engines + Kir breatting reaction engines Non - Air breathing reaction engines Rocket — anon - atrbreathing engine that cutnes ifs own fuel as well as. fhe Orygen needled for the fuel fo. buen. Types of Rocket . Solid = propellant rockets : Liquid - fuel rockets + Hybrid - propellant rocketsMemoNo. __ so} $4) Date / I Rocket Fropellants Propellant -_ the chemical _mxture bumed +o veduced_ thrust in rockets and consitts of a fuel and_an oxidizer . i fyel - substance fot burns when combined! with oeygeh producing ges for propulsion. Oxidizer — an agent that releases oxygen fe combination with a fuel. The rao of oxidizer 1 fucl is callee/ the _mixbure ron. Golid ~ propel rockets — the simplest of all rockets design - ~ Payload! Assist Modu’e (Pav) ~Thetial Upper Stage (Tus) Provide the oclded boost 0 place sofelltes Inky geosynchrontus ovd+ ov_on planetory Wa jechoviesLiquid -Fuel rocket ~ combination of liquid Oger : avd hydrogen offers. the highest specific. impulse of currettly used conventional rocket: Hybric.= Propellant rocket ~ a reckel propulsion system where. the rocket mofor [uses propellants in two different slates of matter — one solid qnd the ofher_citter gas_ot hig . : Rocket Engines ~ groducet fhiuct by the. expulsion of 01 bign speed fluid exhaust: Air breathing Engines eae how Ty es_of Nir Dredhing “En ines = Rn Jets. “Gas Turbine Enalnes + Pulse Jets _ » Seram Jets -\oricton of Ram JetMemoNo, __ f= [=] Date / — "RAM Jel = dn dthodyd, oF @ero- ther mod ron duct. ~ Jt has no stotic thrust. Must be corried a loft by another high speed aircraft ane! octelerated! te +o ope rating Speed: — Air - breathing with wo moving parts Components of RAM JET | AirevoPt with RAMJET «Kir Intake niet Marquardt -M= 43 Fuel Nozeles X-15 +Combustion Chamber + Venturi PULSE. JET — Similor to ramets excepts hat fhe aie intake. duchis eyire with a series..of shutter valves Hak ae spring foocla] tr the_qper position = (onstclered nore useful than c ramjet -Memo No, — Date / Se # J] s) _ Components of PULSE JET? -Air Intake inlet * Shutter Valve —Gowbus How Chamber For supersonic dinero SCRAM JET ~ a \orign! of g ramjet airbretng Jet engive in which — combustion takes place in Super sonic avtlow. NASA X-43A.~ the fastest air brea thing girerafy. Which yeached Mach To. ~ Kirplane that used scvomet nGgi ne. GAS TURBINENGINES /TURBO JET © MAJOR SECTIONS OF AGAS TURBIN ENGINE » ASR INLET * COMPRESSOR * COMBUS TORS Turbo uses Me gir to improve * TURBINES ik performance d * EXWAUSTMemoNo, Date ! ] “Olle. a “io bs tne cir -TyRBO JET -TURBOSHAET TURBOPROP JET ENGINE “ relating 1 fects of air b properties of movihg air Ly interacon_ of air (moving) ancl object moving hrought it. Fundamental Physical Quantities MT.L+ Acca Volume Nelocity Acceleration Force Pressute Density Work Power2952716 262467 naeage ud \4eescC) > KE VAD = a! 131234 w jo Tse |.01325 X10” 42 = ZMG-2 Fp Az 1.2250 9 = 0 002317 slug/p4* Tz 289-1b°K = BIG"R LAPSE RATE : : = -0-00U5I—m = 79-003 BLE FE TEMPERATURE FOR TSOTHERMAL T= 211°K = 340R pacific Gas Constant = 231 S[k kK = !7lb a Be -m N- Mm _ vie -\b Joules oe gr Stug= = Slug. = 32.114 lom | Wei}= Kaan o ~ ~mass neither created vor destroy ed Memo No. oo Ts] Date / BASIC AERODYNAMICS — Basic. types of Aeredynamic. Flaw —--—-Envisid flow \iscous—Plow = frictionless has friction = Tdeal =real ~life Stream ines Continul fy Equation 4 m=o = MGs Aly f= C(NDAt t én~ptinede)— | Volume = ANd pon | NEC PAV=G Een |e Tncompressible-flow.«-Compressivle-Hlaw \—— Pay i | ~ ideal ~ Reality be dm Z pN 3 | p=¢ AFA de ‘slug | Aza fram 8 i fe PibNe-=PadeNe Pe Po Continui i ee eae mar = . 6 AW. = Ah Fi * Pa Mate TE He yelotity ty Jes Han V0 mie > TE We Trcompreccible How,Memo No. Date / ! Fema pty ~(P+- Ea) ayes a Fa -¢ (dxdy dz) m= p(dxdy dx) Vez dx dy dz SEE OE a gz NN dx F=ma ape debs platy) (US ) sae = pwd pudv Momentum. Equation for lnvisid flow. Euler's Equation | Force is = 0) Prason3 is acting in a normal direchen in all nn w, eeanetion 2 — 3 Ie frictional cheor acting fongentially on all & taces oko. | ot te element. pheromeng ~ 3) The grovity acting on He mace side He clement» ]Memo No, —___ Bernal Equation dP = ~pvdn dP s pvdv =e Me d+ ely dv =9 % N we Ni | 29 RP thls 2... ernoulli'S...equaon Po + ee =¥% +p & Pom euler eyvahvn 2 . ps ey = constont along streamline Lmporkant points 1) Bernoulis Eqs dd only. for jnvisid (fricivwlesc), incaprestle How 2) Bernoullis Eqs relate groperties between different points along, streamiine « contihy 3) For a comprenidle flow Eelers Equatien must be used 5 With p treated os.0 variable. Bernoults ey must not be used for compresidle toy - Contnly a) Remember that Eulers Equation and Bernoullis eq, Sys | that F=ma Foro fluid flows They are __essentaly Newton § > second law aphlied +0 Fluid dynamicsMemo No. DINENSIONAL AN ee= ee cg piglet 4 \ SMemo No. : Date / a Gradient lavev = = — @10,00k, T=-Tetoh TesieR+ = 1.009866 E26, 000/") TE 44 TOWER P= 0-0 Y ae @2, 500 me T= Totoh i r21@ks (- 0. 00051-%,) (3,500) 2005-2 15°k] 7 165 7 ? fy Re lk Ea Ge fr ih | 476 2 et] pf as \ 135 wwe ine pe ae = ul ees p=usyao dl e| [22 O86