Underground Adventures 4 ACTIVATE Look at the pictures. Describe the caves using our of the words in the box. Compare your words with a partner. Ae they the same? deep warm cool safe dangerous, bright dark scary pretty interesting Foxtord 3000™ WeCea aaa eee ‘An adjective describes a noun. Most adjectives only have one form; they are the same for singular or plural nouns. a dark cave dark caves Adjectives usually go before a noun or after the verb be. We found.a deep cave. Some caves are dangerous. 2. BUILD Put the words in the correct order to complete the sentences. 1 Cave diving (adventure | exciting / an |i). 2 t____ (safe / sno) for beginners, and it_______ (dangerous / is /ofter). 3. Some (deep | very | caves are. 4 It_____ (dark / underwater / is inside / an) cave, so divers take (lights / bright) with them, 5 There (some | pretty / are / things) in the caves. 6 Many divers (photos | take / interesting). 3 @ IMPROVE Listen and check your answers o Exercise 2. SUN ee ee eee ‘Most English sentences have a subject (a noun or a pronoun) and a verb Some subjects can be more than ‘one word. Hove caves My friend and | visitec In some sentences, there is an object after the verb. An object can be a noun or a pronoun, I study them, Some objects can be more than one word. | saw some interesting and popular caves. Ifa sentence is hard to understand, identify the verb and then the subject and object. »"5 IDENTIFY Read these sentences from the blog post. Identity the parts ofthe sentence. 1. So every year, I vist a lat of caves. subject: verb: object 2. In May, | took a day trip to Altamira subject verb: object 3. In December, my friend and | took a short trip to Mexico. subject: verb: object: 4- We visited juxtlahuaca Cave in Guerrero. subject: verb: object: 5. This cave has very old paintings of people and animals subject: verb: object: 6 I have special lights and a good camera. subject: verb: object: 6 ASSESS Read the blog post. Where did Dan go on his trips? How were the two trips similar? How were they different? Dan the Caveman ove caves. I study them. So every year, I visita lot of caves. Most are small and not very famous, but last year, Isaw some interesting and popular caves. In May, I was in Spain for a friend’s wedding, and Ttook a day trip to the famous caves of Altamira. These caves are in the Cantabrian Mountains near Santander in northern Spain. They are 280 meters deep. On the walls and ceilings, there are paintings of animals and shapes from 13,000 to 11,500 BCE. It was amazing to see them. Some of the paintings are 2 meters across—that’s bigger than Lam! ‘These caves are great, but they're hard to visit because Spain wants to protect the paintings. You can see some beautiful images online instead. Altamira Caves, Cantabria, Spain Adapted fom The Conese Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology In December, my friend and Itooka short trip to Mexico, and we visited Justlahuaca Cave in Guerrero. We stayed there for four days, and ‘we loved it! Juxtlahuaca Cave is deeper than the Altamira caves. Itreaches 2 kilometers into the bills of Guerrero! This cave has very old paintings of people and animals from around 1000 BCE. ‘They are older than any other cave paintings in the Americas. One of the paintings is a 2-meter-tall picture of a man, possibly a king, wearing jaguar skins. It hard to take pictures in caves because it's dark, but have special lights and a good camera, ‘What do you think of my photo? Justlahuaca Cave, Guerre, Mexico 9, by Tanothy Darl ns, GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT Com) ‘We use comparative adjectives to describe how one thing or person is different from another thing or person. For short adjectives, we usually form the comparative with -er. Add -er or .r when the adjective ends 2 nicer When the adjective ends in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant and add -er big » bigger hot > hotter Change -y to ~er. We use than when we compare two things. See Grammar focus on page 168, 8 IDENTIFY Read the blog post again. Choose the correct answer. Altamira | Juxtlahuaca 1. Which of Dan's trips was longer? 2. Which of Dan's trips was earlier in the year? 3. Which cave is deeper? 4. Which cave has older paintings? 5. Which place is easier to visit? 9 INTEGRATE Work witha partner. Choose two of the images below. Write three short, adjectives to describe each one Place 1: Place 2: 10 INTERACT Work with your partner. Using your adjectives from Exercise 9, write three sentences to compare the two images you chose. Share your sentences with the class.| Need a Vacation! 4. ACTIVATE Think of some cifferent types of vacations. What makes each one interesting? 2. ASSESS Read the social mela post. Where dd each person go for vacation? Which vacation was each person's favorite? Person | Place1__| Place 2 Favorite Mary | amir | Sofie | Malcolm Stevens | need to make travel plans for my next vacation! | went to Rome last year and liked it, ut now Id like to find a more exciting place. Comment below and tell ‘me about the last two places you went on vacation. What did you think of them? Which was better? Give me a good reason to choose it for my next trp. we 245 people like this view all 3comments Mary McCann “wo years ago to0ka short ip to Nagar al. enjy because the weather wasterible - ‘the whole tine, My vacation last yer was ot more interesting. went on saat in South Aca SN ay beautful animals tke ons and gate, ‘Amir Ahmed Five yeas 290, went to Fi and loved Last summer stayed ata cite house ona lake near the I ‘beautiful mountains of Austria ij and Austa were prety, but Fi was more exciting than Austr ‘The water atthe beach was warmer than the lake water an itwas more fun at ight The ght was. more expensive because Fis further away, butt was cheaper to go out nF. Sofia Cruz ‘Malcolm, you can have an adventure here at home thnk vacations athomeare more fun than big trips to other counties. tookabig rp to China afew years ago. twas teat, but itwas a otf work and spent too much money This year Ispent my summer vacation at home, and it ‘was much better-—no work no suitcase, no expensive hotel imagined | was tourist went to ‘museums and visted places never so before Why dort you try i 79 3 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you lke to stay at home for your vacation? Why or why not? \What adventure can you have in the area where you lve? ST ee cee ee ene ‘We use comparative adjectives to describe how one thing or person i different from another thing or person, For long adjectives (three or mare syllables and some with two sylables), we form the comparative with more + adjective. interesting more interesting boring more boring We use comparative adictives with than, ij was more exciting than Austra. ‘The adjectives good, bad, and far are irregular. The comparative form isa different word. good» better bad» worse far farther or further Some short adjectives take the word move and not the ending -er. fun > mere fun bored >more bored See Grammar focus on page 168. 4. DEVELOP Complete the sentences about the socal media post 1. The water at the beach in Fiji was_warmer than the water in the lake in Austria 2. Malcolm wants to take a trip to a ‘exciting place than 3. Mary's safari in South was: interesting her trip to Niagara Falls. 4 Amir's flight to Fi was more than his flight to Austria because Fiji was away. 5 Amir thought that was fun at night than, 6 Sofia thinks that her vacation at home was a lot than her big trip to China, ET eee ee ‘When you write a description, you want o “paint a picture” for your readers. Use adjectives to help them See what you saw and fel what you felt. Compare these two descriptions. Which is more interesting? Description 1:1 stayed ata house ona lake near the mountains. Description 2:1 stayed ata cute house ona fake near the beautiful mountains of Aust, 5 IDENTIFY How many adjectives can you find in the social media post? Compare your list with a partner's 6 USE Look at the pictues and write the sentences again. Add adjectives to make them more interesting My fiends visited avilage near a forest. _My friends visited.a pretty village near alarae forest. They stayed in a house. There was a beach next to our hotel We loved the weather. The building is on a street.7 VOCABULARY Complete the text with the correct words. winter trip vacation summer break suitcase ‘Foxtord 3000 I’ important to work hard, but it’s also important to go on ' We need time to have fun and do things we like. Sometimes its fun to stay home and spend time ‘with our friends and family, but other times it’s great to pack a? and take a 2 somewhere interesting by train or by plane. Maybe you don’t have two weeks or a month to travel. That's OK—you can go on a short ‘ Spend a weekend visting a friend or family member. You don't have to go far! Many families go on a vacation together because their children aren't in school in July and August. They go camping or go to the beach. Some people like snow sports and cold weather. They take a vacation and go skiing. 8 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Answer the questions in complete sentences. Compare your answers with a partner. 1. How often do you go on vacation? | go on vacation every year, 2 [sit better to go on one long vacation or to go on a lot of short breaks? 3. Is it more interesting to take trips to places near your home or far away? Why? 4. Where do you lke to spend summer vacations? What about winter vacations? 5. How many suitcases do you usually take on a trip? 9 PREPARE Think of two trips you took. Make notes on the places, the activities, and your opinions. Include adjectives. Budapest, Hungary: exciting, old buildings, busy streets, excellent: food Place 1 Place 2: 410 WRITE Use your notes to write a reply to Malcolm. Compare the two places you visited and recommend one to Malcolm. 411 IMPROVE Read your post and correct any spelling or grammar mistakes Does your post... 1m answer Malcolm's question? 1m se adjectives to make your description interesting? 1m include comparative adjectives? 1m use the correct forms for comparative adjectives? 412. SHARE Exchange posts with a partner. What do you think of the places your partner described? nsENGLISH FOR REAL V. q 2 ACTIVATE Think about the last time you suggested an activity to a friend. When was it, ‘and what did you say? Did your friend agree with your idea? How did your friend respond? @ Assess watch the video. Choose the correct arswers. Questions may have more than one answer 1 Where does Andy want to go? ma roer tice secon tee the Grand Canyon alld Varad Neie 2. Where does Max want to go? fs Phoent, Arizona Sedona, Arizona the Grand Canyon ies Veet eve 3. Where do they finaly decide to go together? mi rectel actor Sedona, Arizona he Grand Canyon 4. Las Vegas, Nevada IDENTIFY waten the vdeo again. Who said what: Max or Andy? etee te een een eer What about somewhere quieter and more relaxing? Tean tn of ree laces t 9 What about this: We ly to Phoenix, Arizona, Fine, but can we stop atthe Grand Canyon aftr that? Ok. its deal Now that sounds ke a much better plan,‘When you want to suggest an activity, use expressions like: Why don't we...? You can respond to a suggestion in different ways. Positive opinion ‘Negative opinion Good idea! Really? No, thanks. OK! That sounds great Hmm, rm not (so) sure, Itsadea | don't know (about that) You can also respond with a different opinion or suggestion, {can think of i laces t0| lat sounds g00d, but h Hmm. What about..2 How about...? 4. ANALYZE Look at the statements again from Exercise 3, Which three make a suggestion? Which give opinions? 9 5 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Choose a place you'd lke to travel. Write three reasons why this is a good place to go. Place: Reason 1 Reason 2: Reason 3: 6 INTEGRATE Which phrases can you use to suggest this place to a friend for your next vacation? Make notes Let’s go to Hawalifor vacation 7 INTERACT Work with a partner. Imagine you are traveling together. Make your suggestion, and then give your opinion of your partner's place. Together, make a decision about where to go Student A: | have an idea. Let’s go to Canctin for vacation. Student 6: Hmm. | don’t know. | think Montréal, Canada, isa better place to go. Student A: 'm not sure about that. Canctin is warmer and has nice beaches.Ss 122 4 ACTIVATE Read the ads. Before you listen to a conversation between a travel agent and a custome, think about the words and phrases you might hea. How much does it cost? Where is the hotel? 7) Winter Mountain Adventures Do you love skiing? Would you tke to ty camping in cold weather? Sahara Bedouin Ne Waa Spend sixnights in a luxury hotel and one night in the desert ina traditional Bedouin tent! Enjoy the beautiful sand of the Sahara! The experience of a Ietime! From $2,000 per person, cree eau as) 2. @ IDENTIFY Listen. Which trip does the woman choose? Why? Seed ‘We usually put stress on the most important words ina sentence. In a comparative sentence, we often stress the things we are comparing. Sometimes we stress the comparative adjective, The word than is less important, so we don't stress it. We say it quickly. ‘Swimming is more fun than skiing Med 3 @ NOTICE Listen and lenty the words that are stressed the most. Then listen ag 1 Congitrps are Gettepthan hori. 2 Today is hotter than yesterday. 3. Mountains are more beautiful than deserts 4 5 and repeat. ‘Swimming is more fun than skiing The bus is cheaper than the plane. Sa en ee Use comparisons to give more information about a topic or help your listener understand your opinion, The desert is drier than the mountains | think the desert is more beautiful than the mountains. ‘To say how you feel about two places or things, you can use Ike X better than ¥. | ke warm weather better than cold weather. You don't always need to use than: Which is more fun, the beach ora lake? —_I think the beach Is more fun. 9 4 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Would you like to vist the desert or the mountains? Think of some questions about the vacations. 5 INTERACT With a partner, role-play a conversation between a travel agent and a customer. Explain which trip you lke better and why. Switch rales