1.

ipconfig (Windows)
Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings. Used without
parameters, ipconfig displays Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and IPv6 addresses, subnet
mask, and default gateway for all adapters.

Examples

To display the basic TCP/IP configuration for all adapters, type: ipconfig

To display the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters, type: ipconfig /all
1. ifconfig (Linux): ifconfig is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating
systems for network interface configuration.The utility is a command-line
interface tool and is also used in the system startup scripts of many operating
systems. It has features for configuring, controlling, and querying TCP/IP network
interface parameters.

2. ip: The ip command is a Linux net-tool for system and network administrators. IP
stands for Internet Protocol and as the name suggests, the tool is used for
configuring network interfaces. Older Linux distributions used the ifconfig
command, which operates similarly. However, ifconfig has a limited range of
capabilities compared to the ip command.

3. hostname: hostname command in Linux is used to obtain the DNS(Domain

Name System) name and set the system’s hostname or NIS(Network
Information System) domain name. A hostname is a name which is given to a
 computer and it attached to the network. Its main purpose is to uniquely identify
over a network.

4. ping: PING (Packet Internet Groper) command is used to check the network
connectivity between host and server/host. This command takes as input the IP
address or the URL and sends a data packet to the specified address with the
message “PING” and get a response from the server/host this time is recorded
which is called latency. Fast ping low latency means faster connection. Ping
uses ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) to send an ICMP echo
message to the specified host if that host is available then it sends ICMP reply
message. Ping is generally measured in millisecond every modern operating
system has this ping pre-installed.
5. netstat: Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is
listening, Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP,
TCP, and UDP protocols), and IPv6 statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over
IPv6, and UDP over IPv6 protocols). Used without parameters, this command
displays active TCP connections.

6. route: The route command allows you to make manual entries into the network
routing tables. The route command distinguishes between routes to hosts and
routes to networks by interpreting the network address of
the Destination variable, which can be specified either by symbolic name or
numeric address. The route command resolves all symbolic names into
addresses, using either the /etc/hosts file or the network name server. Routes to
a particular host are distinguished from those to a network by interpreting the
Internet address associated with the destination.

7. Traceroute or tracert: Traceroute is a crucial tool in network diagnostics. Together

with other Linux commands such as ping, ip, and netstat (or the newer
alternative ss), Traceroute identifies the path packets take from source to
destination. The tool is universally available for Linux, Windows, and macOS.
8. Tcpdump: tcpdump is a command-line utility that you can use to capture and
inspect network traffic going to and from your system. It is the most commonly
used tool among network administrators for troubleshooting network issues and
security testing. Despite its name, with tcpdump, you can also capture non-TCP
traffic such as UDP, ARP, or ICMP. The captured packets can be written to a file
or standard output. One of the most powerful features of the tcpdump command
is its ability to use filters and capture only the data you wish to analyze.
9. Wireshark: Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used
for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications
protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was
renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues. [6] Wireshark is cross-
platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user
interface, and using pcap to capture packets; it runs
on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems,
and Microsoft Windows.