WEB 3.

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Blockchain Presentation

Presented by:
Zainab(19cs417)
Presented to:
Sir Jaleel
Q#01:What is blockchain?

Coffe and NGO Example

Do you trust these brands?
Stuart haber, and w.scott reaserach paper,

Flour entry in a register example

What is Nonce?
Nonce is a 32-bit number effecting hash value of a block.

Values used to create a hash value:

1)Block no
2)Nonce
3)Data
4)Previous Hash

How nonce is effecting hash!!!!:

By changing the nonce value we get a different hash value
against it.

SHA256:
It creates 64 bit number array each is hexadecimal. So
each number can be represented in numbers from 0 till
16,so the total no sha256 can produce?
Ans:16*16*16…….=10^77
It means 10^77 hashes can be produced with sha256 as its
job is to create hashes.
Total valid hashes:10^77
Total no of nonce that we can generate:4*10^9
There is one hash that will make us win but we have less
nonces only 4 billion that is too smaller than 10^77
So , we don’t have sufficient nonce that we can create valid
hash!

What is Time stamp?

 Nonce Range:
 Nonce is a 32-bit number
 Q#So the max numbers a nonce can produce?
 Ans:0 to 2^32-1=0 to 4*10^9(4 billion), we start from
0 after this limit.
 So 4 billion hashes can be produced with it.

 Adding the field of Timestamp to reuse Nonce:

 Adding Unix Timestamp:

 1 Sec Nonce exhaustion:
 1 sec=0.1 billion
 4 billion =40sec

 After 0.5 seconds:

 After again 0.5 second:

 After the sec changes on Timestamp:

 Using the nonce again:
 We are using nonce for different timestamp

 Current hashing Rate:

 Current hashing Rate=234 million trillion hashes per
second

 What is Mempool?

 Q#What minor will do in Idle time?

 Unverified Transactions in Mempool:

 Using mempool to generate hash:

 Mining of Transaction:
 Mempool contains all unverified transactions in it.

 Mining of Transaction:
Taking less values:

 Taking less values again:

 Getting all transaction in mempool:

 After part of a sec is elapsed:

 After part of a sec is elapsed:

 After part of a sec is elapsed:

 After 1 a sec is elapsed:

 After part of a sec is elapsed:

 After part of a sec is elapsed:
 After 1 sec is elapsed:
LESS gas fee:
………………………….Thankyou…………………………
…………….

Nonce is a 32-bit number

So the max numbers a nonce can produce are:
0 to 2^32-1=0 to 4*10^9(4 billion), we start from 0 after
this limit.
So 4 billion hashes can be produced with it.
SHA256:
NONCE:It creates 64 bit number array each is
hexadecimal. So each number can be represented in o till
16 numbers.so the total no sha256 can produce?
Ans:16*16*16…….=10^77
It means 10^77 hashes can be produced with sha256 as its
job is to create hashes.
Total valid hashes:10^77
Total no of nonce that we can generate:4*10^9
There is one hash that will make us win but we have less
nonces only 4 billion that is too smaller than 10^77
So , we don’t have sufficient nonce that we can create valid
hash!