MTAP Saturday Program in Mathematics Grade 10 Session 4

Circles
I. Answer the following. Illustrate through examples if needed:
A. Do the following as indicated:
1. Illustrate each, name the illustrated figure, then define:
a. radius of circle O d. a line secant to circle O g. a line tangent to circle O
b. a diameter of circle O e. a central angle h. a minor arc of circle O
c. a chord of circle O ( not diameter) f. an inscribed angle i. a major arc of circle O
2. Give the similarities and the differences between a chord and a diameter.
3. What is the relation of a radius to a diameter of a circle?
4. Differentiate a central angle from an inscribed angle.
5. Distinguish between a secant line and a tangent line?
B. Determine whether each statement is true or false.
If the statement is false, change a word/phase to make the statement true. Then, draw the figure.
1. If a segment is a diameter of a circle, then it is also a chord of the same circle.
2. Line AB is secant to a circle O intersecting the circle at points A and B. Segment AB is a
chord of the same circle.
3. A radius of a circle is a segment that joins two points on a circle.
4. A secant line AB to a circle is a tangent line AB to the same circle.
5. A segment with one endpoint at the center of the circle is a radius of the circle.
6. A line that passes through a point inside a circle is secant to that circle.
7. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are complementary.
8. Two circles are congruent if their radii are equal.
9. Concentric circles have the same center.
10. If a line is  to a radius of a circle at a point on the circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.

C. Answer the following:

1. What are the different properties of Tangents?
2. What are the properties of arcs, chords, central angles, and inscribed angles?
3. What relationship exists between the angle formed by a. two chords intersecting inside the circle
b. a tangent and a chord
c. two tangent lines meeting outside the circle
d. two intersecting chords and their intercepted arc?

II . Discuss fully the following. Then, answer the questions that follow.
A. Refer to the given figure. Use the definition or the power theorems to answer the following:
Give the power theorem being used. Explain fully.
B

1. Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in circle O with diagonal BD containing O. 23

A 1 E
m E = 30o , measure of arc AD = 100o . Find the measures of the
marked angles and arcs: a. m 1 b. m 2 c. m 4 d. m 3 4
e. arc AB f. arc DC C
D
2. Given circle O, find the values of x, y and z.

X
3. AX and AB are tangent segments. OX = 3 , OA = 5. 3
Find AX and AB.
A O
5

4. XA and XB are tangents from the external point X. B

a. AXO = 32°. Find AXB. d. If OA = 7 and XO = 25, find AX. B
b. AOX = 48°. Find AXB e. If XA = 24 and XO = 26,
O
c. AXB = 38°. Find AOB. find the radius of the circle. X

5. AB is a tangent segment from B. Complete each statement.

A 12
a. OAB = ____ b. If ABO = 25°, then BOA = ____ B
c. If AB = 12 and OA = 5, then OB = _____ 5
O
 B. Solve the following.
1. MNOP is an inscribed quadrilateral.
a. If M = (2a + 12)°, O = (3a + 18)° and P = (2a  15)°, find a, M and O.
b. If M = (4a + 5)°, P = (7a + 2)° and O = (5a  2)°, find N.

2. RS and CD are two chords intersecting inside circle X at A.

If mRAS = 130° and m RD : m CS = 5 : 8, find m RD and m CS.

3. ABC is circumscribed about circle O at points X, Y and Z. If AX = 3m + 2, CZ = 5m  6, A

P Q
BY = 4m + 3 and the perimeter of ABC is 70, find AB, AC and BC.
4. Two circles intersect at A and B as shown in the figure. PAQ and RBS are straight S
lines. If QPR = 75° and PRS = 95°, find PQS and QSR. (Draw AB)
R B
5. Draw a circle of radius 13 cm and mark a point W on the circumference. Inscribe a
rectangle WXYZ in the circle such that XY = 10 cm. What is the perimeter and area of the rectangle?
6. The figure is a circumscribed polygon WXYZ X Y
Z U
where XY = 8, YZ = 10, WZ = 21.
X
Find the value of WX. W O

7. XU and XV are tangents to circle O. Y

W Z V
XO = 17, OU = 8. Find XZ + YZ + XY.

III. Challenge!!!
Do as indicated:

1. Two tangents to a circle make an angle of 50 ° with each other. Find the lengths of the intercepted arcs if the
radius of the circle is 10 in.
2. A circular pond 150 ft. in diameter is surrounded by a walk 7 ft. wide. Find the area of the walk.
3. A tangent and a secant are drawn from a point P outside a circle. The tangent is 6 in. long and the chord-part of the
secant is 9 in. long. How long is the secant? A
P
A
4. Given: AD  BC, AD is a diameter.
O
Prove: ∆ABC is isosceles. B C B
C
D
D
5. Suppose that PA and PC are both tangents to circle O. Prove that PC 2 = PB∙PD
6. An equilateral triangle with sides of length 10 cm is inscribed in a circle. Find the distance from the
center of the circle to the side of the triangle.
7. Given: Circle O with OX  AB, OY  CD, OXY = OYX.
Prove: AB = CD
8. The shortest distance from a point to a circle is 6 in. and the greatest distance from the same point to the
circle is 24 in. Find the length of the tangent from that point.
9. From an external point two secants, PAB and PCD, are drawn, one cutting the circle at A and B, the
other cutting it at C and D. If PB = 27 in., AB = 21 in., and PC = CD, what is the length of PD?
10. AB is a diameter of a circle whose radius is 17 in. and CD is a chord perpendicular to AB at P.
If PB = 9 in., find the area of the quadrilateral ACBD.
11. From a point outside a circle two tangents are drawn, each 10 in. in length; the chord joining the points
of tangency is 12 in. long. Find the radius of the circle.

/tvillaluna