MTL 101 LINEAR ALGEBRA AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS MINOR EXAM ‘Total: 20 Marks Time: 1:00 Hrs. Question 1: (2 Marks) If A and B are two n x n real matrices such that AB = 5Inxn, then is it true that BA = 5nxq? If true, give a proof else, give a counterexample. Question 2: (2 Marks) Let A be a 3 x 4 real matrix of rank 3. Show that there exists 4 x 3 real matrix B such that AB = Is. Solution 1 If AB = 5J,yn, then det(AB) = det(A) det(B) = 5. Thus both det A,det B are nonzero and hence invertible (1. mark). You can alternatively show that (1/5)AB = Inn and use the uniqueness of inverses to show that Bo! = (1/5)A. Now 51 = 5BB™* = B5lyxnB-t = B(AB)B™ = BA (1 mark) Solution 2 Rank is the number of nonzero rows in the echelon form. Since the rank is 3, A takes the from [J3x3 | b] in the row reduced echelon form where b is a column vector. That is there is elementary matrices £,..., Ey such that By--- By A = [Is.3 | b). Let BY = [‘s'| be a4 x 3 matrix where 0 is a zero row vector (1 mark) Now Ey ++ E,AB' = [Igx3 | b] eo = Igx3. Now AB! = Isxs. Set B= B'Ey--+ Ey (L mark) Bj! and hence A(B' Ey --- Ei) =Quealion- & (2 Marks) Question. 2 consider +he Vecher space Py) Of polynomials Tf clegice fete Man equal to 40eo WT veal coefficients. ©) Trove Hak Be flees lt+e® aX ita} isa bal, Sh Pac), [Metfect T) Qs bass VP Ota Ua 4 maak, Gi) Spant 8)= Py(RD, i ear ae eh Let SisCascascy eR, Considere, CVC LDF Calle 22D 40901 KP) 4 Cult 2-2) =O comparing. coefficient: bol® stdas we ger, Cytcattatcy so =Cy 4ey =O Coe0 —¢3- Cy =O D> Ce tlg eso g Henee, the above cok Bix Pinearndy. 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Step 1. {1 mark] for writing the matrix of T? by fixing a basis, say sta (0.5 mark) if basis is not mentioned, fard basis B. Step 2. [1 mark] for assuming [T] = ( ) and using [7] = [T]»[T]a to get 4 equations in a,b, c,d [0.5 mark] for any mistake in doing this. Step 3. {1 mark] for giving detailed solution of a,b, c,d. [0.5 mark) for any mistake / inaccuracy to sol a,b,ed. Step 4. [I mark] for writing the two possible matrices followed by the two possibilities of T' (invoking the basis fixed in the beginning). [0.5 mark] for any mistake in doing so or only partially doing so. Solution 2. Step 1. [1 mark] for using that eve and computing T*(21, 22) (0.5 mark] for any mistake in the computing T(z, za) is given by T(z, 22) = (az, +bz2, cz; +dz2) for some a,b, c,d € C Step 2. [1 mark] for using Step 1 and T?(z,, y) = (—21 + 222, ~22) to get 4 equations on a, b, ed. (0.5 mark] for any mistake in writing down the 4 equations. Step 3. [1 mark] for giving detailed solution of a,b, ¢, d. [0.5 mark} for any mistake / inaccuracy to solve a,b, ¢ Step 4.. (1 mark] for writing the two possible the two correct possibilities of T based on a,b,c,d found in Step 3. (0.5 mark] for any mistake in doing so or doing partially. Remark: For skipping or failing to justify any of the steps above earns [0 markGustin 4 (4 mtades ) o[zemets] Lr we ice V1, M442), 26-0) Sel? b= (C1,0,3,2) (4,3, Bate Obi 7 Aheeeo) 1 Finding Qimen sions a) ie wy, & wae Goevedty. =| @) | fat) = 2 D (yu ho)= (43,80 - (3,251, 4) £ fossa, 2,1,-0} eo Lueaddy iwdlifen dwt But. 6% bosis (ory) = (C4320, @ 211-0) Tflus, Diutwid= 2 &) ey 2. ‘ 2 §G,0,3,2),04,3,2, Db a Liveadby idafeodent oe, Hoos joes a basis. Meee Win. (wale 2. ed Din (voor) = | Note Heed W002 = Shut ( sen} Hee, Gee (wxteal= \ 2: wong L vsig He ida : = Spa: 329 (wr w= hiv (w+ hier (w2) — tutu ntl dia (yews) Qt a—\ esGaal + (4 ware) BH OO: __ Mirae, ante Sag : Using W+w.= Shon (ws,Uw..) Lent] As Uyrin= Show (usu) | Maton Hs Qubofare Unies + Spee ake , Gand, (3,25 1,-1),0,0.3,2), (43,200 Sys: Fai aay ee (eek) (xe vig Licady Hauge vedios) Neb: Hadi Seay ‘ed afeadde vues 1h Borne os {ie rape geno need by Bow Sebetan fire, jets, Ua (Wyeuh) i the ives de -aio she {te musdw'x t= (ox es wank) Ss 2 ) en ypok— Ste ww whebowtover fa: Cnet: Reed Beer hs ) coee Qin, He row neal oft aware is 3, ae due ( ure ae =3MTL 101 LINEAR ALGEBRA AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS MINOR EXAM 5. Question 5: (5 Marks) Consider the linear operator T : R¢ > R# defined by Mean a= (Se yan Lada) for all (ex2m 24) ERE Prove or disprove: there exists an ordered basis B of Rf such that (Tp is diagonal Solution 5:(Prove) (Computing the eigenvalues): Note that for any A € R and a nonzero vector (31,2, 3.24) © RS, we have T( (21, 2,25, 23) = Ati, 22, 45,24) if and only if nytt 25+24= An foreach i= 1,2,3,4. (3) ‘This implies that A= 4 or 4=0, Thus 4 and 0 are two distinet eigenvalues of T, oR, 1a 1d Let td {er,€2,2s,ea} be the standard basis. Then [T]s The eigenvalues of iy 1a ai badd T and [Ty are same. So find the eigenvalues of [Tp by computing the roots of the characteristic polynomial det(A/ —‘]s). ‘They are 0,0,0,4. [2 mark] (Computing the eigenspaces): Next. compute the eigenspaces, when A = 4, we have from (3) that By = ker(4l—T) = {(21,22,23,26) € RY: xy = 2 = 23 = my} = span({(1.1,1,1)}) [1 mark] Similarly, when A = 0, we have from (3) that Hy — ker(Of — T) = {(21,22,25,24) € RY: a) +ay+a3~+-4 = 0}. Thus By = span({(1, 1, 0,0), (1,0,—1,0), (1,0,0,—1)})[1 mark] (Diagonalizability check): This implies that dim(Ey) + dim(B,) = 143 inn(*), and hence T is diagonalizable. Consider B = {(1,1,1,1),(1,~1,0,0), (1,0,—1,0); (1, 0,0, —1)} ‘Then B is a basis of R* since eigenspaces corresponding to distinct eigenvalues are independent 400 0 0000 0000 0000 and |B] =4. Also ( [1 mark]