GAN exckano OPERATING AND SERVICE MANUAL MODEL 3581A/C WAVE ANALYZER Serial Number: 135100101 (See note below.) IMPORTANT NOTICE This looseteat manual does not require 4 change sheet All ei Information has boenIntageated into the manu! by pope eeveion, Revisse ‘ages ate identified by » revision letter in the lowes corner of the oage pgs, the manual contain revisan thet may not apply to your instrument. Backdating Information in Section VII adapts the manus! to earlier ‘Where prestical, backdating information is intyrated into the schemotic ligars Backdating changes afe denoted by a daa sgn. A lttered Get (Aig on 3 sven page. refers 10 the correspanding backdating note on thet you would ike to receive revised panes to update your manus fom time to time, plane insite hy chosing “yes” t9 Question 17 ofthe usetion nate in the front of this manual. Be sue to clude your name snd mailing Aart an the competed farm To help minimize the possibility of electrical fire or shock hazards, do not expose this instrument to rain or excess moisture, Manual Part No. 03881-90012 Valuetronics International, tt 1-800-552-8258 Microfiche Part No. 03581-90090 MASTER COPY ©Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1974 P.O. Box 301, Loveland, Colorado 80537 U.S.A. Printed: February 1976CA adkans CERTIFICATION Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the Jactory, Hewlett-Packard further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States Na- tional Bureau of Standards, to the extent allowed by the Bureau’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities. of other International Standards Organization members. WARRANTY This Hewlett-Packard product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment [,except that in the case of certain components listed in Section I of this manual, the warranty shall be for the specified period] . During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by -hp- Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to -hp” and -hp- shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to -hp- from another country. Hewlett-Packard warrants that its software and firmware designated by -hp- for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument, Hewlett-Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free. LIMITATION OF WARRANTY ‘The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY 1S EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HEWLETT-PACKARD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES, HEWLETT- PACKARD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSE- QUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY. ASSISTANCE Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available Sor Hewlett-Packard products. For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office. ‘Addresses are provided at the back of this manual.© HEWLETT PACKARD SAFETY SUMMARY trument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this mani safoty standards of design, manufactur jonded use of the instrument. Howlett Packard Company assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements, This is a Safety Class 1 instrument. GROUND THE INSTRUMENT To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an elec- trical ground. The instrument is equipped with a three-conductor ac power cable, The power cable must either be plugged into an approved three-contact electrical outlet or used with a three-contact to two-contact adapter with the grounding wire (green) firmly connected to an electrical ground (safety ground) at the power outlet. The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet international Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) safety standards. DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard. KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel. Do not replace components with power cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable removed. To avoid injuries, always disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them. DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present. DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or per- form any unauthorized modification to the instrument. Return the instrument to a Hewlet Packard Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are mai tained. DANGEROUS PROCEDURE WARNINGS Wernings, such as the example below, precede potentially dangerous procedures throughout this manual. Instructions contained in the warnings must be followed. Dangerous voltages, capable of causing death, ars present in this instrument. Use ex- treme caution when handling, testing, and adjustSAFETY SYMBOLS General Definitions of Safety Symbols Used On Equipment or In Manuals. A 4 ++@ NOTE: Instruction manual symbol: the product will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction, manual in order to protect against damage to the instrument. Indicates dangerous voltage (terminals fed from the interior by voltage exceeding 1000 volts must be so marked), Protective conductor terminal. For protection against electrical shock in case of a fault. Used with field wiring terminals to in- dicate the terminal which must be connected to ground before operating equipment Low-noise or noiseless, clean ground (earth) terminal. Used for a signal common, as well as providing protection against electrical shock in case of a fault. A terminal marked with this symbol must be connected to ground in the manner described in the installation, (operating) manual, and before operating the equipment. Frame or chassis terminal. A connection to the frame (chassis) of the equipment which normally includes all exposed metal struc tures. Alternating current (power line). Direct current (power line). Alternating or direct current (power line). ‘The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a pro- cedure, practice, condition or the like, which, if not correctly per: formed or adhered to, could result in injury or death to personnel. The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, condition or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to sr destruction of part or all of the product The NOTE sign denotes important information. It calls attention to procedure, practice, condition oF the like, which is essential to highlight.Model 3581 4/C Seetion I SECTION | GENERAL INFORMATION 141, DESCRIPTION, 1-2, The Hewlett-Packard Model 3581A/C Wave Analyzer isa portable instrument designed specifically for use in the audio (I5 Hz to 50 kHz) Irequeney range. AS a signal analyzer, the 3981 separates and measures the spectral components of an input signal, By manually tuning the 3581 across the spectrum, the signal components can be individually measured and evaluated. By sweeping the 3581 over the band of interest, a complete spectral display ean be plotted with an X-Y recorder connected to the recorder outputs, For added versatility, the 3581 is equipped with a rear panel Tracking Oscillator (BFO) output, When this ‘output is used as an excitation source, the 3581 functions a a network analyzer for plotting the amplitudes. frequency characteristics of 2-port networks such as ampli fers, attenuators and filters. 13, The amplitude of the tuned signal is indicated on a large, easy-to-read meter with mirror backing. Absolute amplitude can be read in ABV, dBm or rms volts; relative amplitude can be read in dB’ or percent. The fullscale sensitivity of the 3581 ranges from 0.1 iV rms t0 100V ms. For logarithmic measurements, the dynamic range is 30 4B. 14, The tuned frequency is indicated by a S-digit LED readout which provides 1 Hz resolution. If the analyzer is tuned below OHz, the frequency digits blank and the decimal points light to indicate an out of range condition, ILS, The 3581 has five selectable bandwidths. The 3 Hz, 10 Hz and 30 Hz bandwidths permit separation of closely spaced signals and precise frequency measurements. The 100 Hz and 300 Hz bandwidths permit wide range sweeps at relatively fast sweep rates, 1-6, The 3581 is easy to tune-even when using the 3 Hz bandwidth. Simply tune near the signal to be measured and press the AFC button. The AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) will automatically fine tune the 3581 to the selected signal. Another benefit of ARC is that it locks the analyzer's tuning to the signal so that measurements are not affected by frequency drift If the APC becomes unlocked, 4 front panel annunciator lights to alert the operator that his reading may not be vali. 1-7, The 3581 has a builtin sweep generator which provides for single or repetitive electronic sweeps or ‘manually conteolled sweeps. The sweep width or “span” ccan be varied from 50 Hz to 50 kfiz in 10 switeh settin ‘The sweep time can be varied from 0.1 second to 2,000 seconds in 14 settings. A front panel indicator lights when the sweep rate is too fast for the bandwidth selected (narrower bandwidths requize slower sweep rates). 1-8. Comparing the 3581A and 35810, 1-9, The 3581, is a generat purpose instrument designed to solve the (raditional problems of wave analysis, The 3581C is a special version of the 3581 designed specifically for communications work. The major difference between ‘he two insiruments is the input coupling, The 35814 has a single-ended input with an impedance of 1 megohm, 30 pF. The 3581C has three selectable input configurations: Unbalanced, Balanced-Bridged and Balanced-Terminated. The Unbalanced input impedance is 1 megohm, 40 pF and the Balanced-Bridged input impedance is approximately 15 kilohms. The Balanced-Terminated input impedance is either 900 ohms or 600 ohms as selected by the front panel Calibration switch, ‘The 3581A has a dual banane-plug Input connector while the 3581C has a phonejack Input requiring a WECO Type 310 mating plug. The 35814 can be calibrated for absolute measurements in dBV, <4Bm/600 ohms or rms volts. The 3581C can be calibrated. for absolute measurements in dBm/900 ohms, Bm/600 ‘olims or rms volts, It does not have a “dBV” setting. The 3581A has a 600-ohim unbalanced Tracking Oscillator) Restored output; the 3581C has a 600-hm balanced output. Another feature of the 3581C is its Audio Monitor which allows the operator to listen to the restored output signal 1-10, SPECIFICATIONS. LIL. Table 1-1 is a complete list of the Model 3581A/C critical specifications that are controlleé by tolerances Table 1-2 contains general information describing the ‘operating characteristics of the 3581 1-12. Any changes in specifications due to manufacturing Gesign or traceability to the U.S. National Bureau of Standards are included in Table 1-1 of this manual. Specifications listed in this manual supersede all previous specifications for the Model 358 A/C. 1-13. OPTION, 1-14, The 35814/C Option 001 is equipped with an internal rechargeable battery pack for complete portability. This option is fielé installable. Order: Field Installation Kit, -np- 111954, Rev A dtSection 1 1-15, Warranty Exception. 116. The batteries in Option O01 instruments are war- ranted for 90 days, 1-17, ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED. 1.18, Tho following is alist of accessories supplied with the 3581,/C: stem Qty. |p. PartNo. ‘Acomisory Kie Includes the following seo 84401 PC Board Extender {16 pin} aoa. | 50600089 PC Board Extender (40 pin} 5060-6017, Fuse: 026 A, 260 V Norms Blo (for 220 v/240 V operation 2110-0004 1-19, ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE. 1-20. The following is a list of Hewlett-Packard accessories available for use with the 3581.A/C: 12 Reva, Model 3381 A/C XY Recorder 70358 Option 020, Ozsloseope 2010/8 Oxviloseope Camara 197A 0r 198A | Voltage Divider Prove | 100088 Textmabile ro01a Fock Mount Kit 35808 KOS 1-21. INSTRUMENT AND MANUAL IDENTIFICATION. 1-22. The instrument serial number is located on the rear panel, Hewlett-Packacd uses a twosection serial number consisting of a fourdigit prefix and a five-digit suffix. A letter between the suffix and prelix identifies the country in which the instrament was manufactured (A = USA, G= West Germany, J = Japan, U = United Kingdom). All correspondence with Hewlett-Packard should include the ‘complete serial number. 1.23, If the serial number of your instrument is lower than the one on the ttle page of this manual, refer to Section VU for backdating information that will adapt this manual to your instrumentModel 35814/C Section I Table 1-1. Specifications. FREQUENCY Display Accuracy AFC Pullin Range: > X sandwidtn for 3 Hz thru 100 Hz ‘Bondi: same 1800 H2 or 300 He Bandwidth AAFC Holdn Renge: + 800 He AFC Lock Frequancy: conte of pnsbond + 1 Hz AMPLITUDE Amplitude Aceursey Frequency Response ‘SB1A and 35810 Urbs! LOG_—_LINEAR 15 He co S0kH2 s04aB 24K 28816 Balanced Inpute* 40 He to 20 kil, $20 dem max $0508 £5% Switching Betwosn Bendwidtne: 40508 +5% Amite Dil: 22 dB 22K Input Attenuator: 30988 13% ‘Amplitude leference Level (OF Attenuator! Most Sonsve Range: 41 8B 10% All Other Ranane 21 0B +38 for son Dynamic Range: ‘plow +2040 Display Range 80.68 sale): > 8008 Noise Level: Noles Sidebande: > 70 8 below OW signal 10 Bardwidthe Spurlous Responses: > 80 48 for signals las than Oda shove 100 #2 Line Raloted Spurious: > 80 dB boiow input roforonco lovst for= 140 6BV (0.1 AV), Below - 90 dBm for 3581C Bolanoad- Terminated input IF Foudeheus Input Feedthru S10 6048 or lowe S10V “70d or lowe evo Response: > 30 dB below input reference evel BALANCED INPUT (35816 only) Frequeney Response: 40Hz to 20kH2 0.548 for signals ‘blow + 2048 ‘Common Mode Rejection: > 64 48 at 60 Hz ourrurs Recorder Output X-Avis: OV 45 £2.58 Yoasis: OV IDS8V 12.5% ‘Tracking Oseilator Output Frequeney Accuracy: + t Hz rlatve to center of passband Frequency Response ‘Q6BIA: » 39 15 He to 0 ke BSBIC: £08 48 100 Hz fo 20KH2, 1OKHE votevence, ota 600 9 teas THD and Spurious: > 40 dB below 1 V signal ive!Section I Modet 3581 A/C Table 1-2. General Information, INPUT CHARACTERISTICS [3581A) Connector: female Banana plug Impodanes: 1 megohm, 30 pF Maximum (a) input Level Ingux Maximum ‘seaitivity Inout +3048 20 v) w- 1048 (02 V) 100 V ms 2008 (0.1 VI to- 7048 0.2 mV) 50 rns "Maximum (de) Input Vottage: + 100 V de ‘coupling: capacitive DC Isolation: none (input eomnenon referenced to fame ground) INPUT CHARACTERISTICS (3881C) Selectable Input Configurations: LUnbaianees Bsienced Bridged Baioncad Terminstes Connector: occepts WECO Type 310 mating pivg Impadance Unbalanced: 1 megohin, 40 pF Bridged greater than 12 K (iypiealy 14 K at 1 kH) Trmineted: 800 ofms or 900 ohme Maximum Input Leva: Unbalanced: same ae 35814 Bridged: 100'vde mex, 96 vis oc mae Terminated: #27 dBm, ¢0'V de BC totation: Unbalanced: one input common reterencad to frame round) ‘igged and Torminsted: Floating input AMPLITUDE CHARACTERISTICS: Scale Settings: Volts: Absolute mesturemente in rme vole lverage 12 ssonding|: rolative measurements in pereant of ful sale. Los 90 aa: "SBA: Absolute macturements in dBW (1V ome {8.4BV1 o dBim/600 ohms: reltive measurements in dB 25910: Absolute measurements in éBm/900 ohms oF _3Bm/600 ohms ete masturements in ds Display Range: 80.08 Log 10.48: Display sonsicity Is 1 8 per clusion; display Tange is 108, Any 10 dB portion of 80 3B range can be Sispleyed by dtongiog AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL satin, Fall Scale Sensitivity volte Seale Calibrated: 30 V rns t0 0.1 ut ems (18 ranges) neaibrated 109 V nme 1 0:2 rms Log 80 48 Seale: Colitetod: +90 dBV/dm ¢o -70.4BV/dBm (11 ranges? Uncalrated: + 40 dBV/dBm 10 - 60 a8Vidam Overload Indicator: An LED Overload indicator on the front ‘ena lights £0 indicat thot tho input signal exceeds the traxienum Ifo seal Input level sot by. the INPUT SENSITIVITY awitch and amplitude VERNIER, Intersl Calibration Signal: An internally onerated eairstion Signal can be used :0. clitrate the amplizede soction Hliowing input sttanuator) to an accursey of # 1.6% at 10 kHz. The callovtion signa can also be usod to voify the ‘requaney aecuaey of tho inerumont, FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS: Frequaney Range: 15 Hz to 0 kHz Frequeney Control: Tho front panel FREQUENCY contro! tuner the frequency of the analyzer over the O Hz ta 50 KH: Tange. The cone an Bend 1 he sor agueny of (Course oF Fine Tuning: Coarse tuning is selected by pushing the crank tonord the front panel; Sine tuning i eplcens ‘by ling tho crank outward, in the coarse position, one rovolution of the crank changes the fequeney by ‘Spproximstely 2.7 kz, In. the. fine position, one revolution of the rank changes the franuancy by ‘spproximately 73 Hz Frequeney Display: S.igit Trequeney in Ha LED display indiestee sunod Accuraey: + 3Hz Range: 0 He to approximstay 51,000 He (Out of Range Indication: Frequency digits blank ond eirna points ight when Frequaney fs tuned below O M2, ‘Typleat Frequency Stabilty: = 10Halhr, efter 1 nour 5 H/C Remote Tuning: S681AIC con be remotsly tured by applying Dr estarnaly generated 1H ¢o 15 MME eigal t0 LO. IN ancien Settings: 3 He, 10 Hz, 30 He, 100 Hz, 200 He Bandpass Characteristic: Shope Factor: 10:1 on 3Mz thru 100 Hz bandwidths: 1 on 300 He bandwidth Equivalent Nowe Bandwicth: Typically 12% wider than ‘absolile S 3B bandwith, closely approximetes a gousian Display Smoothing (notes fitering) 2 Sareingt: min, med max FResponso: doterined by Bandwidth setting, Rov. AModel 3581A/C Table 1-2, Gene Section I Information (Conte). ‘Automatic Fraquoney Contr (AFC: “Typleat Pullin Range: t89 Table 3 (Seotion HI) Holdin Range: = 600 Hz (requoncy dif rato below maxi- ‘mom rift rata ised in folowing te) Maximum Drift Rats TAXTAOM BANDWIDTH DRIFT RATE ‘00 4 400 Hafese 100 He 400 Hefsoe 20 He 40 Hesse sone ‘4 Halsce 3He 0.4 Heise Lock Frequency: cantor of pastbend £1 Hz SWEEP CHARACTERISTICS: Sweep Moder: Fopetitie: The instument swoops continuously over the elected frequency range Single: The inetrumant sweeps one timo over the selactd Trequency range and stops at the end frequeny. FRoset: Saoop i rose; instrument romaine at start fracuency ‘of soto Manuals Tho electronic swacp & dlesbied and 9 front pena potentiometer ie used to manually sweep the frequency. Off: Sweep cults dsabed. Frequoney Span Settings: 02", S0 Hz 10 60 kHz (10 sottings) When sho OHe span setting is selected, the Ingtrumont remoing ot tho Frequency indicetod tn the frequency display, The sweep generator, however, romaine opsretive and an X—¥ recover of seope connected 10 the XAxls Fecorder output con be anept ot the rate fetected by the SWEEP TIME conwol. This provider 8 gtaphicsl display of ompltude ve. ‘Typical Frequency Span Accursey: + 2% of setting ‘Sweep Time Settings: 0.1 suc t0 2,000 see (14 stings) “Typical Steep Time Accuraey: © 58 of setting Typical Swoop Linearity: + 1% ‘Sweep Etror Light: A front panel LED Inalestor lights when Excel Tsering: A rear panel External Tiger int lgyred wing e cones core or TTL op, Extn triggering ca be und Inde Single or Repetitive mode oureurs Recorder Outouts: Xvi ‘een. Supplies de voltage proportional to frequoney vipat Voltage: 0 V (tare free.) to+8-V (end 05.) Output Revetances 1 honen Y-Axle: Supplies de voltage proportional to meter reading. Curpue Voltage: 0 V to +5 v full scale Output Fesstence: 1 kiohm Tracking Oszllator/Restored Output Frequency: 18 He to SOkH2: tacks tuned or woot ‘roquaney of instrument. utpus Levee “Teacking Oscillator: constant level signal; can be adusted ‘rom V to > 1 Vere into 600 2 Restored: proportions ta signe! being measure; full-scale eval odjurtoie vom 0 V to > 1 V rw into 600 ®2 Flatnaes: 0.5 dB 100 He to 20 ks, 10 ke reference, '600 ohm ood utp Impadance: ‘3581: 600 ohms, unbalanced ‘35B1C: G00 ohms, aslanced L.0. Output: Frequency: Varlee ftom 1.0MHE w 1.5MHe os 3681 froaueney i tuned from O He to 50 kHz Output Level: 100mY rms, nominl vais, varies with Output impedance: 1 kit Genenat; Operating Temparature Range Starred 9681: 076 10 +55°C ‘option 001: 0° eo +40°%e ‘Storage Temperature Range Stonsard 25808 - 40°C 10 + 76°C option 001: - 40 exo + 80°C (Charge Temperature Range (Option 001): OC ro + 40°C Power Requirements: 100 V, 120 V, 220V or 240 V + 5% “hs, 48 He 10 66 He, 10 watts typica Battery Characteristics (Option 007): Operating Time: 12 hours from full charge Charge Time: 14 hours to recharge fully discharged bettary eek ettery Life: more than 100 chargeeischarge eyes Protection: The batteries are protectad_ {rom oxen ‘hichorge by an automatic ext OutO‘Modet 35814/C Section I SECTION II INSTALLATION 24, INTRODUCTION. 22. This section contains information and instructions necessary for installing and shipping the Model 3581A/C Wave Analyzer. Included are initial inspection procedures, power and grounding requirements, environmental informa tion, installation instructions and instructions for repack- aging for shipment 23. INITIAL INSPECTION. 2.4, This instrument was carefully inspected both mechani- cally and electrically before shipment. It should be free of mars or scratches and in perfect electrical order upon receipt, To confirm this, the instrument should be in- spected for physical damage incurred in transit. If the instrument was damaged in transit, file @ elsim with the carrier, Check for supplied avcessories (Paragraph 1-17) and test the electrical performance of the instrument using the performance test procedures outlined in Section V. If there is damage or doficieney, see the warranty in the front of ‘this manu 25, POWER REQUIREMENTS. 2-6, The Model 3581A/C can be operated from any power Source supplying 100V, 120V, 220V or 240 V (+ 5% = 10%), 48Hz to 440Hz. Power dissipation is about 1Owatis, Refer to Paragraph 3-168 (Section Il) for the Instrument Turn On procedure. 21, Power Cords and Receptacles. 2-8, Figure 2-1 illustrates the standard power reeeptacle (wall outlet) configurations that are used throughout the United States and in other countries, The -p- part number shown directly below each receptacle drawing is the part umber for a power cord equipped with the appropriate ‘mating plug for that receptacle. If the appropriate power cord is not included with the instrument, notify the nearest 207s 920-1869 az0-889 i208 820-0690 *UL LISTED FOR USE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Figure 2-1. Power Recoptactos. hp Sales and Service Office and a replacement cord will be provided, 2.9, GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS. 2.10, To protect operating personnel, the National Blectri- cal Manufacturer's Association (NEMA) recommends that the instrument panel and cabinet be grounded. The Model 3581 i equipped with a three conductor power cable which, when plugged into an appropriate receptacle, grounds the instrument. The offset pin on the power plug is the ground connection. 2-11, For battery powered instruments (Option O01), the common binding post of the INPUT conncctor (Case Ground gb ) should be connected to earth ground or (© an appropkate system ground. If spstem ground Is used, extra care should be taken to ensure that It is actually at ‘ground potential and is not a voltage source. 212, The 3581 power cord, power input receptacle and mating connectors meet the safety standards set forth by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). 2.413, ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS. 214, Operating and Storage Temperature (Standard 3581) Operating Temperatuze Range: 0°C to + 55°C ‘Storage Temperature Range: - 40°C to + 75°C 2.46. Operating and Storage Temperature (Option 001). Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to + 40°C Storage Temperature Range: - 40°C to + S0°C Charge Temperature Range: 0°C to + 40°C 2:16, INSTALLATION. 2-17, The Model 3581 is a portable instrument and does not require installation, The instrument is shipped with rubber feet and tilt stand in place, ready for use as a bench instrument. 218, REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT. 219. The following paragraphs contain 9 general guide for Tepackaging the instrument for shipment. Refer to Para RevA 21Section IL graph 2.20 if the original container is to be used; 2-21 if it fs not. If you have any questions, contact the nearest -hp- Sales and Service Office (See Appendix B for office locations). NOTE If the instrument is to be shipped to Hewlett- Packard for service, or repair, attach a tag to the instrument identifying the owner and indi- cating the service or repair to be accomplished. Include the model number and full serial number of the instrument, In any correspon dence, identify the instrument by model nuare Der and full serial number. 220. Place instrument in original container with appro- 22 Rev. Model 3581 A/C priate packing material and seal well with strong, tape or metal bands, 221, If original container is noi to be used, proceed as follows: ‘a. Wrap instrument in heavy paper, or plastic before placing in an inner container. b. Place packing material around all sides of instrument and protect pane! face with cardboard strips. . Place instrument and inner container in a heavy carton or wooden box and seal with strong tape or metal bands. 4, Mark shipping container “DELICATE INSTRU- MENT," “ERAGILE." ete,Howlett Packard Model 3581A/C Wave Analyzer ‘Soral No. FREQUENCY TESTS sep . m. Pose n Pose p. Pose a Pass * Pose BANDWIDTH TEST endwieth 300 He wo He one roHe ahr cord Counter Reading Frequency Display ‘Counter Reading Fraqueney Display’ Lowor 9 dB Point Feit Fait Fait Fait Fait FREQUENCY SPAN TEST Freq, Span too Hs 200 He 500 He tkHe 2k Skt 2oKHe Frog, Reding He Me Upper 3a Point PERFORMANCE TEST CARD He He “ost Limits (Het 1,049 — 1,081 foae— 1,102 1196 1.204 130-1510 1,980 ~ 2.070 2,960 9080 5,900 6,100 103900 = 11,200 19,600 ~ 21,400 ‘Tests Performed By Die eee ee Test Lins 10,000 Ha 2 1 He 10,000 He = 3 He Stepp +1 He 8,700 He to 9,200 He 10,800 He» 11,200 He Absolute 348 BW He Poremetor “Trodklog Ore, Frog Freq, Display Accureey [AFC Lock Frequency Pullin Range 300 Hz 8 Pullin Range 2 He OW Pull.n Range 100 Hz BY Hon Range Pult.tn Range 100 Hz Bu Hoven on Tout Lite 245 He 15 He 45H 2 1BHe +s OaHE BANDWIDTH SWITCHING TEST Test Limit: - Bde +0808 Bendaidth Mote reating 100 He sera 30He HC gal 10H a6 ane EEE GalPERFORMANCE TEST CARD (cont'd) AMPLITUDE DISPLAY TEST (Log Scale) AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL TEST (Volts Scale) Input Level Meter Reading Tost Limits, Tox Limit: 99 ¥ 4009 (10s 6040) Oav 201V E7008) roeav 8.1080 +248 20eev 48-2008 + 208 Amplitude 20 48 te soda 2208 ef Level Meter Reading soapy 38-4000 2 248 souev a8 -80da +208 “1088 v soaav 49 -60da +208, 2008 v yoasv es - 7008 +208 cogs v soaev 8 -80da +208, ous v sous v soa. v yode v AMPLITUDE DISPLAY TEST (Volts Scale) AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL TEST (Log Scalo) Tost Lint: «58 = 1.68 Inout Level ‘Mater Reading Tot Limite Amotitude oov vy osvsno2y Ref Level Meter Roding osv v_ oBv so07v or vo arveoov soa as osv Vv osvs002v 2008 HEEEEHEEC osv vy osvs002v 3048, sae ga oav v oav s002v 4008 8 oav v oaveoa2y s0de ae ozv Vv o2vso02v co8 8 ory Vv o1vsoo2y 7008 6 INPUT ATTENUATOR TEST Input Sensitivity Step Metar Reading Tost Limits +3008 ‘ oa ‘ +2008 » 8 spf s0.3u9 +2048 i ey +1088 1 48 sepi +0348 +1098 . aera oda P 8 sup 20.348 1048 : 8-508 20.308, 2048 . 8 sa 20308 2008 ‘ Te +508 20.308 4oas ‘ ds -sd0 +0308, sods : a -5a3 +0308, 7048 : 48 -sap +0905,Model 3581.A/C Section II SECTION II OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 341, INTRODUCTION. 3-2, This section contains complete operating instructions for the Model 3581 Wave Analyzer. Included is a brief description of the instrument, 2 description of controls, general operating information and basie operating prove- dures, Most of the information in this section applies to both the 3S81A and the communications option 3581C. However, before using the 3581C refer to Paragraph 3-156 for details concerning its special features. 3.3. ABOUT THE WAVE ANALYZER. 34, The first wave analyzers, introduced in the early 1930's, consisted of tunable filters that were used in conjunction with broadband voltmeters to separate and ‘measure the frequency components of signals. Although the “tunable filter” principle still applies, modern wave ana- Jyzers have greatly improved performance features. These include high sensitivity, wide dynamic range and selectable ‘bandwidths. The improved performance features, along with operating conveniences such as automatic frequency control, electronic sweep and digital frequency readout, make today's wave analyzers easy (0 use instruments with unlimited applications in both the RF and audio frequency ranges. 3.5, The 3581 is a low frequency wave analyzer designed specifically for use in the audio frequency range. The major performance features of the instrument include 15 Hz to 50 KHz frequency range, 0.1 nV full-scale sensitivity, 80 dB ‘dynamic range and five selectable bandwidths ranging from 3Bz 10 300Hz, In addition, the 3581 is equipped with ‘automatic frequency control, electronic sweep, digital frequency readout, recorder outputs and a tracking oscilla tor (BFO) output. Details of these and other features outlined in Table 3-1 are given in the General Operating section, 36. CONTROLS, CONNECTORS AND INDICATORS. 3-7, Figures 3-1 and 3-2 illustrate and deseribe the function fof all front and rear panel controls, connectors and indicators. Items requiring additional description are refer fenced to paragraphs in the General Operating Information section. ‘Table 3-1, Operating Features. FeaTURE PARAGRAPH igh Int impedence: 1 mgoh, 30 9F an Fraqueney Range: 15 4210 50 kHe Fl Sacto Bandits 3 Hz ~ 200 We 290 Daa reaueneyDislsy 337 Auroatie Frequeney Contra 999 oven Froauincy Som Settings: OMe, SOH2—SOKHe 3106 Sas Mo: om 2, anal ane Foureen Sweep Time Settings 0.1 se. 10 2,000 aang ‘Optimum Sang Rate Ineaor aaa ‘Toe Sena Sette: 1. Linger: sbyolute masuremente io nme von 252 ‘ouve memurements in pera fl Sao 2, Log 90.8: amolore mesturemenes in SEY of 359 “Bn /600 cr sti neurone 0 FEATURE PARAGRAPH 3. Log 10gR: wnsendns cule 1dBia, 109855 1. Callerteds 07 AW me 140 dvi) fu Neste to 90. soe (7 a0 gBV/4Bm) ful sae 40.48 Dynamic anne owe lecena Caiaton Signal an Recorder Outputs 3103 Tracking Oesiato Rosine Ourput a9 Audio Monitor (6910) oe oes! Onsitatr Outaut ai8 Loca Oxia Inpat oe alec Inputs: GlancedTeocking Output 681C1 2186Section tit Model 3581 A/C Figure 3-1, Front Panel.Mode] 35814/C Section IIL SWEEP MODE Switens Selects Repetitive, Single, Reset, Mandal of OF sweep mode (Paragraph s-133) © Soba ea Ts " stromie swap. orapesph @ PERTH te rman comer not s8ic: Accents WECO Type 920 (or eauix) mating plus. Por unbolanced input, Ties sigcls Ring and Sleeve aro (geund. Far balonced’ inputs Vig and Ring as salt ‘icoue ie prouea Paragraph S182), Input Impadance ‘menghrn, 60 9F vor Unoslanees inact, spprowimately TERNGt Satancad andgas mput ana 2008 or 900! {Calibration site) for Balanced Ter brash S50). © Be tsa RE em ate eae Iaahuremenits aregapn 3a) et Cuavale’ (or abso @ Be IRS st: eet ecto aimna, ab dah aeanas ARS SGU ieermeeine Botnae 9) ‘Sing Interna eaoration signa (Paragraph 3-173). Aiestment ‘ported in uncantaleg eowronment (Paagrenh 3-78). & SB at ett Aa ste cnn {Bp or percent ot ful sale. Got ty aeinseo® puaton for ‘Saclufe mecsaramonts in am/300 oh (oxtornl tor taf releivernesnurcmenta in dB. (Baraaraph 393) aezle Sidhe MRO festa Gt Bieaeieaks aus emetic mS SEastuuny” and measurement range. (Paraatephs 358, 3:60, oy [AE Button: Push to set (AFC en) push to release (RRC Of (arseraah 3:98) BRE ms coat te age ooseument nan es Itsirdioanss” nen et to ON (BAC). poston Voltage to, aton O61 instruments ta saenarge at SetO CHARGE pos tion Paragragh 3-368) © ey gets emiern em TUDE REF LEVEL switch orserapn Sri) @ wba: ans, tea rmonts in oi Dynamic range s 80 98, (Paragraph 367) @ WONT seastamenlths aa er elie meosurament te @ IVER HR POE ater est ON HO, Figure 3-1. Front Panel (cont’d). 3-8, GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION. 3-9, Input Connections (3581A only). B581C> Refer to Paragraph 3.156, 3:10, The 3581A has two INPUT terminals. The upper (eed rimmed) terminal is the signal ioput and the Tower (black immed) teninal is case ground. The plastic caps on the terminals unserew to permit wire connections. and the terminals are spaced 30 that they will accept a dual bbananceplug mating connector. The input sigial can be applicd to the 38S1A through a twisted pair, a shieldod cable equipped with banana-plug connectors Chp- 110004 Cable Assy.) or 2 10:1 Voliage Divider Probe Chp- 100048). Input ieads should be kept as short as posible to minimize extraneous pickup. If a 10:1. Voltage Divider Probe isto be used, connect it to the INPUT using 2 BNC to banana-plag adapter (-hp- Part No. 1251-2277). Before axing the prohe, perform the Input Probe Compensation procedure Outlined in Paragraph 3-176. 3-41. Input Impedsnce. 3412, The 3581 has a singleended input which provides 4 input impedance of L egohm shunted by ~< 30 pF (28 pF nomina). The 3581C has thee selectable input Configurations: Unbalanced, Balanced Bridged and Balk Sneed Terminate. The Unbalanced configuration provides fn input impedance’ of Tmegohm shunted by 40 pF Gominal). ‘The Balanced Bridged input impedanes approximately 15 kiohms and the Balanced Terminated input impedance is 600 ohus ot 90 chiss."Thetesminated input impedance is selected by the front pane Calibration Swhich (tem CB) , Figure 1), Refer to Paragraph 3158 for further information conceming the 3S81C input con 3-13, Figure 33 shows the equivalent circuit for the 3S81A singleended input, The rsstor, Represents the 1 megohm input resistance andthe capacitor, C,, represents the 28 pF shins enpacitance. Figure 3.1 va graph showing the input impedance, Z,,as- function of frequency. AtIow Rov.A 33Section I Model 3581 A/C 272 ®@ ©®©® ©® © © ® Figure 3-2. Rear Panel. 34Model 3581A/C frequencies the reactance of C, is very high making Zp nearly equal to Rjq. As frequency increases, the decreasing reactance of C, becomes more and moro significant, causing to. non AL GOH, Ze appronmety Tho ttonms souvent oa > es val 7 | iguro 3-3. Equivalent Input Circuit. 3:14, Input Constraints. The information given in Paragraphs 3-13 and 516 applies 10 the 3581C only when tt is operated with the UNBALANCED or BAL~ ANCED BRIDGED input configuration. Refer to Paragraph $161 for special information concerning the Balanced - Terminated input configuration, 4415. The maximum ac voltage that ean be safely applied to the 3581A INPUT is determined by the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch setting (Paragraph 3-38), Maximum input levels are listed in Table 33. The 3581A input GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Section IIT circuits are well protected and can withstand momentary (< 5 second) overloads up to 100V rms on all input ranges. The insteument can withstand continuous overloads up to 100 V rms on the + 30 dB through - 10 dB ranges and iverloads up to 50 V sms on the ~20 dB through - 70 dB ranges, Overloads greater than this may damage the instrument, Input tevels exceeding 100 V rms on the #304B through - 10.48 ranges, 50V rns on ‘the - 20dB through - 70.dB range or = 100 ¥ ~ de may damage the instrument 3-16. DC Isolation. The 3581A input and the 3581C unbalanced and bridged inpots are capacitivly coupled to provide de isolation. The maximum de voltage that ean be safely applied to the INPUT is * 100 V de. Voltage levels ‘exceeding this limit can cause breakdown of the coupling ‘capacitor resulting in damage to the input cieuitry. 3-17, The 3581 cannot be operated in a foating condi- tion. All input and output commons are connacted direetly {o outer-chassis (frame) ground which connects to earth ground through the offset pin of the power-cord connector. ‘The 3581C balanced inputs and balanced tracking oscillator output ate isolated from outer-chassis ground, 3-18 Grounding, 3-19. To protect operating personnel, the 3581 A/C chassis ‘must be grownded. The 3581A/C is equipped with a three-conductor power cord which, when plugged into an ‘appropriate receptacle, grounds the instrument, The offeet pin on the power plug isthe ground connection, tats. 100k roKn 10m 10 kHz Figure 34. Graph Zt vs. Froqueney. 35Section UL 3-20. To preserve the protection feature when operating the iustrument from a two-contact outlet, use a three-prong to two-prong adapter and connect the lead on the adapter to earth ground. 3-21. For battery powered instruments (Option 001), the common binding post (or 3584C Sleeve) of the INPUT connector should be connected to earth ground or to an appropriate system ground, If a system ground is used, be sure it is at earth ground potential and i noc a voliage souree, 3-22. Ground Loops. 3. In the design of the 3581, extra care has been taken to control internal ground currents that could produce undesirable responses or degrade the accuracy of low level measurements. Due to its wide dynamic range and high sonsitivity, however, the 3581 can be affected by external ground currents or “ground loops” which are normally ‘caused by poor grounding. The following paragraphs briefly deseribe the common powerline ground loop and outline the steps that can be taken to minimize ground loop problems, 3.24. Figure 3-5 shows the input arrangement for a Simple grounded measurement. Ej, represents the souzeo being measured along with any nose associated with it and Js goneraly called the “normal-mode source”. R, represents the source resistance and the resistance of the high lead; Ry represents the resistance of the ground lead, Current from Ej, (normakmode current) flows through R,, Z, and Ry and the instrument responds to the drop across Z,. As long as the grounds on both sides of Ry arc identical, exirancous currents cannot circulate between the soures ground and GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Model 3581A/C the instrument ground. If, however, the grounds are different due to voltage drops in the ground lead oc currents induced into it, «new source is developed and the measurement appears as shown in Figure 3-5B. The new Source, Egg, (the difference between grounds), is called the “common-mode source” because it is common to both the high and ground lines. Commonsmode current can flow through Ry or through R, and Z,. Since 2, is usually much larger thaw R, and since they are both in parallel with Ry, rmost of the voltage across R, will appear across Z causing, ‘an ervor in the amplitude reading 3.25. To minimize powerline ground loops, the following guidelines should be observed: a, Keep input leads as short as possible. ', Provide good ground connections to minimize Ry Connect the signal source and the 3581 to the same power bus. 4. Ifa removable ground strap is provided on the signal source, float the source to break the common-mode current path, ©. Option OO1: Battery operate the 3581; connect a separate ground lead between the common terminal of the 3581 INPUT connector and the ground terminal of the signal souree. £, 3581C: Use balanced inpats, 3.26. Measurement Configurations 327. The 3581 can be used in either of two measurement configurations: open loop or closed loop. These configura tions are illustrated in Figure 3.6. 7 GROUNDED MEASURING INSTRUNENT Ep gan. 7, | neu, ae InPeDaNcE grounotean | RESISTANCE ‘SOURCE ROUND INSTRUMENT GROUND A GrouNoe> MEASURING INSTRUMENT £ E £ source = em + insTRUMENT Sound comme SrounD er soreca-erae B Figure 35, Power Line Ground Loop. 36Model 3581 A/C GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Seetion Il WAVE ANALYZER hp s5aia [As OPEN LOOP (SIGNAL, ANALYSIS} WAVE ANALYZER hp 38812 3d ) © © B. CLOSED LOOP(NETWORK ANALYSIS) Figure 3-6, Meaturoment Configurations. 328, Open Loop. In the open loop configuration, the 3581 functions as a signal analyzer or “selective voltmet which divides the input signal into its various frequency components, The amplitudes and frequencies of these components ean be measured by manually tuning the analyzer to specific frequencies or by sweeping the analyzer over a given range. For swept measurements, an X-Y recorder or variable persistance (storage) scope can be connected to the rear panel Recorder outputs to provide an amplitude vs. frequency display. The amplitude vs, quency display shows how energy is distributed as a function of frequeney and, in effect, is the Fourier spectrum of the input signal (Figure 3-7), Some of the moze common measurements that can he made using the open- Joop configuration include harmonic distortion, intermodu- lation distortion, spurious, square-wave symmetry and Figure 3.7. Spectral Display (10 kH2 Pulse Train) 3.29, Closed Loop. In the closed-loop configuration, the 3581 fonctions as a network analyzer for characterizing tworport devices such as amplifios, attenuators and filters For closed-loop measurements, the network to be tested is inserted between the rear panel Tracking Oscillator Output and the front panel Input. The Tracking Oscillator Output supplies a fixed level, 5 Hz to SO kHz signal which tracks the tuned frequeney of the instrument. This signal serves as a stimulus for the network under test, As the frequen manually tuned or swept over 2 given range, the amplitude Of the signal at the output of the network varies according to the response characteristics of the network. These amplitude variations are measured by the 3581 and, when displayed in graphical form, yield an amplitude ws, fre ‘queney plot of the network (Figure 3.8), Figure 38. Amplitude vs. Frequency Plot of Notch Filter 3.30. One method for making closed-loop measureraents is to manually vary the frequency and plot a response curve point-by-point on graph paper. This method, however, Is Tedious, time consuming and often inaccurate since it is easy 10 miss important points. A faster, more accurate method is to swoop the frequency over the band of interest and display the response curve using a scope or X-Y recorder. Swept measurements provide a continual updating oor “refreshing” of information. This makes it possible t0 adjust the network while observing the results of the adjustment. 331. Absolute/Relative Measurements. 3-92. Absolute Measurements, Absolute measurements are used to determine the actual amplitudes of tuned signals. The 3S81A can be calibrated for absolute measurements in,Section IIL GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Mode] 3581A/C Table 3.2. Calibration Charts mas volts, BV or dBm/600 ohms. The 3S81C can be calibrated for absolute measurements in rms volts, <¢Bm/900 ohms or d8m/600 ohms. Control settings, texmi- nation requirements and other details conceming these measurements are given in Table 3-2. For all absolute ‘measurements, the front panel amplitude VERNIER con- ‘trol must be set to the CAL position and the instrument must be calibrated as outlined in Paragraph 3-173. 233, Relative Measurements. In signal analysis, relative measurements are used for comparing the amplitudes of two or more frequency components ofa signal. In network analysis, relative measurements are used for comparing the amplitude variations of a response curve at two or moro frequencies. Relative measurements do not require a cali- brated seale: that is, using the amplitude VERNIER and other amplitude controls, the gain of the analyzer can be adjusted so that any input level within the range of 100 V ims to 0.1 xV ems will produce fullacale meter deflection. ‘This arbitrary full-scale input level then serves asa reference or measuring signals that are lower in amplitude. When the Linear seale is used, relative measurements are expressed in “percent of full scale”. When the log scales are used, relative measurements are expressed in dB below a 0B reference level, 3:34, Uncal. Indicator. 335, As previously stated, the front panet amplitude VERNIER control must be in the CAL position for all absolute measurements. When the VERNIER is not in the CAL postion, the front panel UNCAL indicator lights 0 Indicate that the meter scales are no longer calibrated in rms volts, ABV or dm. 3-36. Overload Indicator. 3.37, Figure 3-9 is a simplified block diagram showing the 3581 Input Section. The INPUT SENSITIVITY switch and its associated VERNIER potentiometer controls the input attenuation and gain of the Input cireuits to maintain the proper signal level at the input of the Mixer. This is an Important function since signals that overdrive the Mixer can produce harmonic and spurious mixing products which result in erroneous moter readings. The Overload Detector 38 fat the input of the Mixor senses when the signal levol exceeds the design limits and, in turn, lights the front panel OVERLOAD indicator. As previously indicated, tho 3581 input circuits are well protected and can withstand momen- tary overloads up to 100 V ms on all ranges, In most capes, an OVERLOAD indication simply means that the input signal is overdriving the Input Circuits or the Mixer and harmonic and spurious responses may be present, Genor- ally, any time the OVERLOAD light is off the instrument induced distortion and spurious is more than 80 4B below the fulk-seale reference level. Figure 3.9. Input Section. 338. Maximum Input Level 3:39. The macimun input level is the musinmum fevel that an be applied to the INPUT without overloading the instrument, Tae maximum input level is determined only by the INPUT SENSITIVITY and amplitude VERNIER settings and is ot affected by the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL setting. With the amplitude VERNIER in the CAL position, the maxitnum input level is indicated by a black panel index adjoining the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch dial and the OVERLOAD indicator (Figure 3-10), For the Log scale scttings, the maximum input level is defined by the black (@B) markings on the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch dial, For the 3581A, these markings represent dBV or dlim/600 ohms. For the 3581C, the markings represent 48/900 ohms or dBm/600 ohms. The maximum input level for the Volts scale setting is indicated by the blue) Model 3581A/C GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Seetion I ‘Table 2:3, Maximum Input Levels. POTENTIAL, INPUT SENSITIVITY, (VERNIER in CAL) (VERWIER fully cow) DAMAGE LEVEL SETTING LINEAR MODE LOGMODE | LINEAR MODE LOGMODE _| (Continuous Overload) + 30.08/30 ¥ av + saavisem| 100" +40 aBV/dBm roo +204B/10 V wv, *200BVM6m | SV + 30dBV/d5m +oagi3v av +iosevidem | 10V + 20Bv/s8m oaa/tv iv oasviaem| 32 + 1OdBV/dBm rodeos os -yeaviem| ay ‘oapy/asm oo © 200a/03 V ory S208avidem | 0.22 = 1dBVidam ov Saoassomy | Rav SaeBvieem | On 2048videm Saoastomy | iomy S40eBVidBm | s2mv Soasviasm 5048/3 mv 32mv Seoeavisem | tomy "aD aBV/s5m + 60.da/t mv mv S eDeBvidem | 32m¥ * 50gBV/aBm Sroasosmy | _asamv S7esviesm | mv soasviagm sov “The cittaensal 26H). tlenst vai applied to the 3881C BALANCED: TERMINATED input most not excaed +27 dm st OV de (Poraraph "Apsoluta maximum input voltage fr SBBTA and 3661C unbelanced ard bridged inputs (volts) markings on the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch dia Note that thc maximum input levels for the 30V, 3 ¥, 03, ete. ranges are actually 32V, 3.2V and 032, corresponding to fullscale meter deflection. When the amplitude VERNIER is rotated counterclockwise. away from the CAL position, the g1in of the Input Circuit decreases, the maximum input level increases and the markings on the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch dial no longer apply. Table 33 lists the maximum input levels for each INPUT SENSITIVITY setting with the amplitude VERNIER in the CAL and fully counterclockwise posi- tions, Observing these maximum input levels will ensure ‘optimum performance on al ranges oex Figure 3-10, Maximum Input index. 3-40. Sensitivity. 3.41. Maximum Sensitivity. Maximum Sensitivity refers to the Smallest signal that can be detected by the analyzes. ‘The maximum sensitivity of the analyzer is limited by its own internally generated noise and is commonly defined as the point whore the signal level is equal to the noise level. ‘This is sometimes called “tangential sensitivity” "ey = wero? Whore Ey = mole level; k = Boltzmann's constant, T wemporature PRD: B 3.42. Nyquist’s Noise Equation’ reveals two important things about noise that apply to the 3581 a. Noite é proportional 10 the square root off band- width. .. Noise level decreases and sensitivity increases as the BANDWIDTH setting is narrowed. b. Noise is proportional to the square root of input resistance... The 3581 has a high (1 megohm) input resistance. This means that noise is largely dependent on the source resistance placed at the INPUT terminals. Signal sources having low output resistanees will produce a lower noise Iovel than these having high output resistances. 343, Noise level is also dependent on the tuned frequency of the instrument. Semiconductors in the input stages of the instrument exhibit surface noise which has a 1/f frequency spectrum. This surface noise is predominate at frequencies below 1 KHz. When the 3581 is tuned below KHz, the noise level increases and sensitivity decreases. 3.44, Figure 3.41 is a family of curves showing the specified noise levels ws. frequency for the 300 Hz, 30 Hz and 3 Hz BANDWIDTH settings. Typically, if the source resistance is Tess than 10 kilohms, te noise levels will be below those indicated by the curves. 3-45, Full Scale Sensitivity. Full scale sensitivity defines the input level that will produce full scale deflection on any given range. For absolute measurements, full scale sensii- vity ranges from 30V mms to 0.1 zV rms in the Linear ‘mode and from + 30 dBV/dBm to 140 dBV/dBm in the Log (90 dB) mode, With the auplitude VERNIER control sot fully counterclockwise, ful scale sensitivity ranges from approximately 100 V rms to 0.3 wV ams in the Linear mode bbanaaidth (Ha); = Input resistance Rev. A 39Seotion IIL and from #40 dBV/dim to - mode. 130 dBV/aBm i the Log Figure 3-11. Noise vs. Frequency. 346, Dynamic Range, 3.47, For operating purposes, the dynamic range of a wave analyzer can be defined asthe ratio of the largest to smallest signals it can measure fora given range setting. The largest signal that can be measured (fullscale sensitivity) is determined by the INPUT SENSITIVITY, amplitude VER- NIER end AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL settings. The smallest signal that can be measured is determined by 4. instrument-induced distortion and spurious », display range ©. intemal noise floor (maximum sensitivity) 348, Distortion and Spurious. When the OVERLOAD. light is off, the instrument-induced distortion and spurious is more than 80 dB below full scale, 3-49, Display Range and Noise Floor. Wher the volis scale is selected, the smallest signal that can be measured is approximately 10% of full sale. Thus, the dynamic range is about 20 JB as long as the noise floor is more than 20 dB below full scale. When the Log 90 4B scale is selected, displayed readings of less than -80 dB ate not specified. The dynamic range is 80 dB as long as the noise floor is more than 80 GB below full scale. When the Log 10 dB scale is selected, the dynamic range is 10 dB as limited by the display range. 350, Meter Scales, 3.51. Refer to Figure 3:12 for the following discussion. ‘The 3581 SCALE buttons permit selection of three scale settings: Volts Ginear), Log 90:dB and Log 10 dB. 352. Voltage Seeles, When the Volts SCALE button is pressed and the amplitude VERNIER is in the CAL 3410 Rev. A GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Model 35814/C position, the meter indicates signal amplitude in rms volts (average’rosponding). There are two voltage scales on the moter, These are scales C and D. Seale C ranges from 0 to I and scale D ranges from 0 to 3.2. The full-scale sensitivity is Indicated by tho whito window on the INPUT SENSITI- VITY switch dial, If the full-scale sensitivity is 10V, 1 V, OLY, efe., read the meter using scale C. If the fullseale sensitivity is 30, 3V, 0.3 V, ete., read the moter using sale D. Refer to Paragraph 3-86 for further information concerning the use of the linear scales Figure 312, Meter Seales. 353, Log Scales, When the Log 904B or Log 10dB SCALE burton is pressed and the amplitude VERNIER is in the CAL position, the meter indicates signal amplitude it GBV or €Bm as Selected by the front panel Calibration sswiteh, When the VERNIER is not in the CAL position, the meter indicates relative amplitude in dB. 3.54, There are two logarithmic scales on the meter. These fare scales A and B, When the Log 90 dB SCALE button is pressed, the meter can be read using scale A which ranges rom 0 4B to- 90 dB. For absolute measurements, 2 reading of 0 dB corresponds to the full-scale reference indicated by the white window on the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch dial, The absolute signal level is the algebraic sum of the full-scale reference and the moter reading, For example, if the full-scale reference is -40 dB and the meter reading is 4B, the signal amplitude is -40 dBV or dBm. Sinilaty, if tho full-scale roferonce is -20B and the meter reading is 40 dB, the signal amplitude is- 60 dBV or dBm. 3.55, When the Log 10dB SCALE bution is pressed, the meter scale is expanded to 1 dB per division over @ 10 dB range. The meter can then be read using seale B which anges from 0 dB to - 10 dB. The Log 10 dB scale can be read in the same manner as the Log 90 dB scale. A reading of 0 dB corresponds to the fullscale reference indicated on the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch dial, The full-scale reer- ence can be adjusted from 0dB to -70dB using the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch. The absolute signal level is the algebraic sum of the fullscale reference and the meter reading. Refer to Paragraph 3-65 for further information concerning the use of the log scales. 3-66. Using the Linear (Volts) Sea s. 3-57. For amplitude measurements using the lincar scales, the fullscale sensitivity is determined by the INPUT ~Model 35814/¢ SENSITIVITY and AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch sottings. The INPUT SENSITIVITY switch controls the input attenuation and gain of the input circuits to establish ‘the maximum input level as outlined in Paragraph 3-37. The AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch controls an IF attenua- tor which determines the gain of the IF Amplifier and the smeter sensitivity. As the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch is rotated in a clockwise direction, the IF attenuation decreases, the IF gain increases and the fullscale sensitivity 3-58, By observing the INPUT SENSITIVITY and AMPLI- ‘TUDE REF LEVEL controls, it can be noted that the full scale (blue) markings on the INPUT SENSITIVITY switeh ial are indicated by a white window that is mechanically linked to the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch. Changing the position of either switch changes the full-scale sensiti vity in a 30V, 10V, 3, 1V sequence. Changing the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch setting changes the maxiroum input level andthe fullscale sensitivity. Changing the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch setting changes the full-scale sensitivity but does no7 effect the maximum input levol. For example, if the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch is sot for a maximum input of | V rms, and the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch is set to the XO.1 position, the full-scale sensitivity is 0.1 V rms but the maximum input level is still 1 V rms. Signals between 0.1 V ims and 1 V sms will overdrive the meter but will not damage the instrument fr hinder its ability to measure signals within the 0 V 10 O41 V range. NOTE When using the linear (Voltage) scales, be sure the Calibration switeh is set to the dBV/LIN (35814) or dBm 90UQ/LIN |3581C) position 3.59, Relative Measurements (Linear Scale). For rclative ‘measurements using the linear scale, the INPUT SENSITI- VITY and amplitude VERNIER controls sre adjusted so that the reference signal produces full-scale deflection on the 0 t0 1 meter scale. Whenever possible, this should be done with the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch set to the X1 position, Signals below the reference level are then measured in “percent of full scale” where the reference is 100% and each major division of the 0 to 1 meter scale is 10%, Signals below 30%6 of full scale ean be measured on ant expanded scale by changing the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL. setting, With the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switeh set to the first uamaeked position between XI and XO.1, the meter range is from 0 to 32% and the meter can be read using the 0 to 3 scale. A reading of “3” corresponds to 30%. With the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch set to the XO.1 position, the meter range is from 0 to 10% and the meter can be read using the 0 to 1 scale. AS the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch is rotated further clock- wise, the ranging sequence is 3%, 1%, 0.3% and 0.1’. The 0 to T mater scale can be read for the 100%, 10%, 1% and (0.156 ranges and the 0 to 3 seale can be read for the 30%, 3% and 0.3% ranges. GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Section IIL 260. Hf, when measuring Iovelevel signals, a fillscale reference cannot be obtained with the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch in the X1 position, a lower setting can be used. The setting on which the full-scale reference is obtained becomes the 100% range and the lower settings become the 30%, 10%, 1% etc. ranges. 3-61. Alternative Method. Another method for deter ‘mining the relative amplitude of two signals is to fist measure the absolute voltage levels and then caleulate their relative amplitude using the following forrmula v2 A= X100 relative amplitude in percent reference level in ems volts signal level in rms volts 3-62. Using the Amplitude Raf, Lovel Control. Whenever possible, the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch should be left. inthe NORMAL (XI) position and the INPUT. SENSITIVITY switch should be used to set the full-scale sensitivity. This is because the Amplitude Calibration Procedure (Paragraph 3-173) is performed with the AMPLI- TUDE REF LEVEL switch in the NORMAL position and any ertor introduced by the IF Attenuator is adjusted out. When the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL setting is changed from the NORMAL position, the accuracy of the IF [Attenuator must be considered. This means that a possible worst-case error af = 3% of full scale must be added to the amplitude accuracy specification. Amplitude accuracy is discussed in Paragraph 3-72. 3.63, The INPUT SENSITIVITY and AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL controls provide a total of 18 voltage ranges (30 V to 0.1 4V). The top 11 ranges can be selected using the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch with the AMPLITUDE REP LEVEL switch set to the NORMAL position. The seven bottom ranges ean be selected using the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL control with the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch set to the 0.3 mV (full CW) pasition. 3-64, The AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch can also be used for expanded scale measurements where the input level is 0.3 mV rms or greater and the components to be ‘measured are less than 30% of full scale. In this case, the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch should initially be set to the XI position and the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch set to the lowest range that does not produce an OVERLOAD, indication. The AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL control can then be adjusted so that the low level signals of interest can, ‘be measured. ‘365. Using the Log Scales. 366, The 3581A log sales can bo used for absolute measurements in BV (2 V sms = 0 ABV) or dBm/600 ohms, BuSection Il or for relative measurements in dB. The 3581C tog seales can be used for absolute measurements in dBm/900 chns ‘or dBm/600 obms or for relative measurements in 4B. For absolute measurements, the unit of measuro (aBV, <6Bm/600 2, dBm/900 2) is determined by the position of the front panel Calibration switch. 3467. When the Log 90 dB scale is selected, the dynamic range of the meter scale is 90 4B although the specified dynamic range of the instrument is 80aB. The region between - 80 dB and -90 dB is useful for detecting the presence of low-level signals but should not be used for ‘measurements, 3-68, With a dynamic range of 80 dB, only eleven full-scale ranges are needed to cover the full measurement range of ‘the instrument. These eleven ranges are selected using the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch. For absolute measurements, ‘the fullscale sensitivity ranges from +30 dBV/dBm 10 -70 dBV/aBm. 3-69, The maximum input level for the log scales is determined by the INPUT SENSITIVITY and amplitude VERNIER settings, For absolute measurements, the full scale sensitivity is indicated by the white window on the INPUT SENSITIVITY switch dial. The log scales, however, do not require an IF attenuator and the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch cannot be used to extend the measurement range, When the Log 904B scale is selected and the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch is rotated away from the (0.48 (NORMAL) position, the meter reading i offset in steps of 10€B, Each time’ the meter reading is offset, the fullseale reference becomes 10 dB lower as indicated by the white window. Af the same time, however, the dynamic range decreases by 10dB, With the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch set to the -70dB position, the fullscale reference is 70 dB below its original value but the dynamic range is only about 10 dB. 3-70, The ability to offset the meter reading on the Log ‘90 UB scale is useful for some measurement applications. In ‘most cas, however, all measurements can be made with the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch in the NORMAL position. Any time the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL setting is changed from the NORMAL position, the dynamic range decreases and a possible worst-case error of + 1 dB must be added (o the amplitude accuracy specification 3-71. When the Log 104B scale is selected, the meter sensitivity is inereased to 1 dB per division over a 10 dB range. The Log 10 dB scale corresponds to the top 10 dB of the Log 90 48 scale. Thus, by offsetting the meter reading using the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL control, any 10 dB portion of the 80 dB range can be selected. For the Log 10 dB scale, the black (@B) markings on the AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL switch dial indicate the full-scale level with respect to the 0 dB reference. For example, i the switch is set to the~ 10 4B position, the full-scale level is- 10 dB and the meter scale ranges from + 104B to ~20 70 dB balow L.O. signal level £10 X BW* away from L.0. frequency ‘Non-Harmonically Related Spurious: > 80 4B below 1.0. signa) levet 3581 BANDWIDTH sotting ‘Any frequency drift, phase noise ot spurious on the external L.O. signal will appear as ifit is introduced by the input signal. Satisfactory results can generally be obtained using an -hp- Model 3320A/B or 3330A/B Frequency Synthesizer as the external L.0. source. Before using an extemnal L.O. for a critical measurement application, check for noise sidebands and spurious using the Performance ‘Test procedures outlined in Section V. In some cases, it may be helpful to run comparison tests between the intemal L.0. and the external 1.0. 3.151. Option 001. 3.152. The 3581 Option 001 is equipped with an internal rechargeable battery pack and a protective front panel cover for complete portability To protect operating personnel, the 3581 Option 001 chassis must be grounded. For ower line operation connect the power card t0 2 three-prong grounded receptacie, For battery operation connect the common (Black) input terminal t0 earth ground or t0 ax appropriate system ground. If a system ground is used be swe it is actually at ground potential and is not a voltage source. 3.153, The 3581 Option O01 can be operated from the ac power line or from its own intemal battery pack. With the POWER switch set to the ON (AC) position, the instrument receives its power ftom the ac power line and a trickle charge is applied to the batteries. The tickle charge prevents the batteries from discharging, but is not sufficient to recharge the batteries in a reasonable time. With the POWER switch in the ON (BAT) position, the se power is turned off and the instroment reoaivas its power solely from the internal battery pack. A fully charged battery 3.20 GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION ‘Model 3581A/C pack will opotate the instrument for more than 12 hours When the batteries are discharged to the point where they cannot operate the instrument properly, the power is sutomatically shut off. This eliminates erroneous measure. ments caused by Weak batteries and further prevents the batterios from being damaged due to excessive discharge 3.154, To recharge the batteries, connect the instrament to sn appropriate ac power source and set the POWER switch to the CHARGE position. The POWER light will iluminate The instrument cannot be operated while the batteries are being charged. Recharge time for completely discharged batteries is 14 hours. The useful life of the batteries is more ‘than 100 charge/discharge cycles. The instrument should not be left in the CHARGE mode for prolonged periods A charge period of 14 hours 18 suffielent 10 recharge a fully discharged battery pack. Ex- tended periods of overcharge in ambient tem- peranures exceeding 30°C (86°F) will severely ograde battery life and capacity by causing the cells to overhear 3.155. Tomperature Limits, To prevent battery damage, ‘the following temperature limits must be observed: 4. Operating Temperature: O°C (+ 32°F) to +40°C (+ 104°F). . Charge Ternperature Range: O°C (# 32°F) to + 40°C (+ 108°). fc. Storage Temperature Range: -40°C (40°F) to $50 C (+ 122°F), 3156. The 35816. 3.157. The 3581C is a special version of the 358) that is ‘esigned specifically for communications applications. The operating features of the 3S81C are described in the following paragraphs. 3.158, Selectable Input Configurations. The 3581C has three Selectable input configurations: Unbalanced, Balanced Bridged and Balanced Terminated. The selection is made using the front panel slide switch, ‘The three input configurations are illustrated in Figure 3-22. 3.189, Unbalanced. The unbalanced input configuration is identical to the single-ended input of the 3581A, Because ff the input switching, however, the shunt eapwcitence of the 3581C unbalanced input is approximately 40 pF as‘Model 3581 A/C ‘opposed 10 30 pF for the 35814. Ifa 10:1 voltage divider probe is used with the 3581C, it mast have sufficient ) adjustment range to compensate for the 40 pF shunt capacitance and the capacitance of any input adapier® that 's used. The -hp- Model 10003A Voltage Divider Probe is recommended, mam ae, Bee Ae UNBALANCED i d TO INPUT ATTEN, ans BeBRIDOED eee ae oo | , TERMINATED Figure 3-22. Input Configurations (3681¢), 3.160. Balanced Bridged. The Balanced-Bridyed configura tion provides an unierminated, transformer-coupled bal anced input. Coupling capacitors between the INPUT connector and the bakineing transformer provide isolation for de inputs up to + 100 V de. Inputs exceeding + 100 V de may damage the input circuitry. The maximum xe input level for the bridged input configuration is 35 V rms. The input impedance in Bridge is greater than 12 K os and typically 14 K ohums at 1 kHz, 3.161, Balonoed Terminated. The Balanced Terminated ‘configuration provides a transformer-coupled balanced in- put With an impedance of 600 ohms or 900 ohms. The input impedance is selected by the front panel dBm 900 ‘ohm/LIN - dBm 600 obra Calibration switch, Note that the 600 ohm or 900 chm terminating resistor is connected rectly across the input terminals. There is no de isolation {for the termination. The combined av and de levels applied to the terminated input must be such that the power dissipated by the terminating resistance is less than 0.5 watt. With no de applied, the maximum ac differential input leval s+ 27 dBm, + Recommended: Pamona Electronics No. 2798 Type 310 to BNC ‘Adapter, bo» Part No. 1251-3787. GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Section III The differential signal level applied t0 the 2581C Balanced Terminated input must not exceed +27 dBm at 0 V de, The combined ac and de levels must be such that the power dissipated by the terminating resistor is less ‘than 0.5 watt 3-462. Input Connector. The 3581C INPUT connector accepts 2 Westem Electric Type 310 (or equivalent) mating plug. See Figure 3-23 for details, 3-163. Tracking Output. The 3581C has a transformer coupled, 600 ohm balanced Tracking Oscillator/Restored ‘output. The specified frequency response for this output is + 0.5 dB from 100 Hz to 20 kHz. The rear panel OUTPUT, connector accepts a Westen Electric Type 310 (or equiva- Jent) mating plug (Figure 3-23). 2164, Audio Monitor, The 3581C has a built-in audio, amplifier and speaker which allows the operator to listen to the Tracking Oscillator or Restored output signal. The sslection of Tracking Osellator or Restored is made using the rear panel OUTPUT MODE switch. The volume can be adjusted using the AUDIO LEVEL control located on the front panel. Headphone connectors for the audio monitor are provided on the rear panel of the instrument. The ‘connectors accept Westor Blectrie Type 310 or Type 241, mating plugs (Figure 3-23). The impedance of the HEAD- SET output is 900 ohms, nominal, The maximum output level is 0 dBm/900 ohms. The output will drive headphones with impedances of 8 ohms or greater. The speaker is automatically switched off when a headphone is plugged in 3-165. Amplitude Measurements, The 3587C can be cali brated for absolute measurements in dlim/600 obms or 4Bim/900 ohms. The impedance is selected by the front panel dBm 900 ohm/LIN - dBm 600 ohm Calibration switch. The 3581C does not have a calibrated scale for measurements in ABV. The 3581C log seals can be used for telative measurements in dB; the linear seals can be used for lative measurements in percent of full scale 3-166. Manual Compatibility, Except for the special fea tures described previously, the 3581C is identical to the 35814 and most of the information in this section applies to both instruments Rev.A 321Section {I BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURES Model 35814/C 3-167, BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURES. BALANCED INPUTIOUTPUT CONNECTIONS ne ping. SLEEVE 3-168, Instrument Turn On. doy an) 3-169. Power Line Operation. a. Check the line voltage at the point of installation. 2} etn woe Open b. Refer to Figure 3-24 and set the 3$81_for the fine five F 8 woltage to be used (100V, 120 V, 220 V or 240 V). Line SLEEVE: Gn Grou ‘oliage must be within + S% to 10% of voltage setting. ieee cotatreniaaa ©. Vert that the proper fuse is installed in the fuse a holder: , i Line Setting use Type -hp-Part No. OS.A,250V 2110-0012 100 V/120.V ‘Weco Tyee 310 Nosmal Blow ING: Slat 220,V/240V 0.25.4, 250 2110-0004 } vexomont Normal Blow Mheve emrcone 4. Connect the detachable ae power cord t0 the sea panel power receptacle and to the power source. me sureve e. Set the POWER switch to the ON (AC) position. The | POWER light and the frequency display wri illuminate. £. Allow a warm-up period of at least 5 minutes before using the 3581 in a critica) measurement application. a ! 2.170, Battery Operation (Opson 001) \weco TyFe a1 a, Connect the low (black) terminal of the front panel SLEEVES: SM OL soenoue INPUT connector to earth ground or to an appropriate “15. coe Grou system ground, SenTEO rocetien th THE MSTRUMENT. b. Sot the POWER switch to the ON (BAT) position, ‘The POWER light and the frequency display will ilaminate c. Allow a warmup period of at least $ minutes before - cf using the 3581 in a critical measurement application, 4. To recharge the batteries, perform steps a through d | smctervone nce of the powerline tum on procedure (Puraraph 3-169) Sat SLEEVE: Sigmt the POWER switch to the CHARGE position. The POWER. pean ii nt ana Te astmen anc eed “TP: me Ground the batteries are being charged ee acerca The insimiment should not be left in the tuoi ner arena. CHARGE mode for prolonged periods A hip Parte 1284-3787 charge period of 14 hours Is sufficient t0 recharge a fully discharged battery pack, Ex- tended periods of overcharge in ambient ton eae Fortra exeag TC Fl erry eae degrade battery life and capacity by causing the ( Finwe325. tput/Oupu Cones BTC, essen / 322 Rev AModel 3581 A/C BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURES Section IIT ‘SELECTION OF OPERATING VOLTAGE 1, Disconnect poner cord and sido cover loft to gain 2, Remove lina fuse by pulling outward on FUSE PULL. 43. Tovmtece operating vetage fb. Rotate FUSE PULL to let and remove PC booed 1 Ortont PC board so that desired voltage marking 'on the top Iefhand ee, ©. Pum Pe board firmly ito sot 4, Rotate FUSE PULL tock tits norma postion and inert fuse in holder Be sre to use te corect for Yalu Figure 3-24. Voltage Selection. 3.171, Meter Mechanical Zero, 3.172, The meter is properly zero-set when the pointer rests over the zero calibration marks (0 to 1 or 0 to 3 scale) with the instrument tumed off und in its normal operating environment. To zero the meter, proceed ss follows: a. Turn the instrument on (Paragraph 3-168) and allow a warmup period of 30 minutes so that the meter movement reaches its normal operating temperature. b. Tur the instrument off and allow 30 seconds for all capacitors to discharge. Rotate the zero adjustment screw clockwise until the pointers left of zero and moving upscale. 4. Continue rotating the serew clockwise and stop when the pointer is exactly over 2080, e, When the pointer is exactly over zero, rotate the adjustment screw slightly counte sion on the pointer suspension, If the pointer moves off / ze10, repeat steps ¢ through. 3.473, Amplitude Calibration Procedure IMPORTANT 3.174, For optimum accuracy, the Amplitude Calibration Procedure should be performed when the instrument is first tumed on, after warmup, each time the BANDWIDTH setting is changed and each time the SCALE setting is changed. a, Turn the instrument on (Paragraph 3-168) and, if) necessary, mechanically Zero the meter (Paragraph 3-171). b. Set the 3581 A/C controls as follows: SCALE Setting to be used AEC om AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL NORMAL Calibration (AB/LIN) Switch ......... Setting o be used INPUT SENSITIVITY we CAL VERNIER (Amplitude) CAL (fully CW) BANDWIDTH Setting to be used DISPLAY SMOOTHING MIN ‘SWEEP MODE DLL. OBF . Tune the 3581 frequency near 10,000 Hz and press the AFC button, The AFC will fine tune the analyzer to the Rev A 3.23,‘Seetion IIL 1OKHz calibration signal. If AFC is not to be med, manually fine tune for a peak amplitude reading at 10,000 tte 4. Using a small serewdriver, adjust the front panel CAL LO KHz potentiometer for a fullscale meter reading. 34175. Input Probe Compensation, 3-176. Before using a 10:1 divider probo, itis necessary to adjust the probe for optimum frequency response, Once the probe is properly adjusted it should not require further attention. It is good practice, however, to perform periodic verification tests to ensure that optimum adjustment is ‘maintained. a, Tum the instroment on as outlined: in Paragraph 3-168. 'b. Connect the probe to the 3581 INPUT. 1, 35814: Use a BNC to banannaplug adapter Chp- Pact No. 1251-2277) 2 35810: Use a BNC to Type 310 adapter (Psmona Electronies No. 2798) c. Sot the 3581/C controls as follows: SCALE Log 90 a8. AEC on AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL... NORMAL Calibration Switch... ABV/LIN GS81A) ‘48m 90082/LIN (35810) INPUT SENSITIVITY 1048 Amplitude VERNIER fully COW BANDWIDTH 3H DISPLAY SMOOTHING MIN FREQ SPAN . Ski SWEEP MOD... 2 MaN MANUAL VERNIER fly COW 4. Set the rear panel OUTPUT MODE switch to the TRACKING OSC position. Rotate the LEVEL control fully clockwise (facing tear panel), €. Connect the probe tip to the rear panel OUTPUT connector. Connect the ground lead of the probe to the ‘coneetor shield. f, Using the FREQUENCY control, set the 33814 frequency to 100 Hz; sct the 3581C frequency to S00 Hz. Press the Log 10 dB SCALE button. fg. Adjust the amplitude VERNIER for a meter reading of 5 dB (0 to - 10.48 scale), 1h, Rotate the MANUAL VERNIER control fully clock- wise. This will set the 3581 frequency to approximately 5,100 Hz or the 3581C Trequeney 10 5,500 Hz. 324 BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURES ‘Model 3581A/C i. Adjust the probe for a meter eading ofS dR. Rotate the MANUAL VERNIER fully counterclockwise ik Repeat steps g through i until the meter reading is -5B with the MANUAL VERNIER fully clockwise and fully counterciockwise 34177. Rocordor Calibration, 3.178. The following is a general procedure for calibrating an X-Y recorder or oscilloscope connected to the rear pavel RECORDER outputs. a, Perform the Amplitude Calibration Procedure (Para- sraph 3-173). bb, Sot the 35814/C controls as follows: SCALE -- VOLTS ARC -OfF AMPLITUDE REF LEVEL... NORMAL Calibration Switch “dBV/LIN @S81A) Bm 900 S/LINGS81C) INPUT SENSITIVITY 2 CAL ‘Amplitude VERNIER CCAL BANDWIDTH 30 Hz ‘SWEEP MODE cies. MAN MANUAL VERNIER fully COW . Connect the X-Axis input of the X-Y recorder or horizontal input of the scope to the rear panel X-Axis ‘output connector. 4d. Adjust the X-Axis zero of recorder or horizontal position of scope so that the pen or CRT dot is aligned with the first vertical line on the lefthand edge of the graph paper or dispiay graticul. ¢. Rotate the MANUAL VERNIER control fully clock £. Adjust the X-Axis guin of recorder or horizontal gain of seope so that the pen or CRT dot is aligned with the Iast Vertical line on the righthand edge of the graph paper or display graticule. g. Rotate the MANUAL VERNIER fully counter- clockwise. Repeat steps d through f until optimum adjust- ment is obtained. 1h, Sot the 3981 SWEEP MODE switch to RESET. Using the FREQUENCY control, (une te analyzer frequency 10 S kHz so that itis not measuring 2 signal. The meter should read OV, i. Connect the Y-Axis input of the recorder or vertical ( input of scope to the rear panel Y-Axis output connector.Model 35814/C Adjust the V-Axis zero of recorder or vertical position ‘of scope so that the pen or CRT dot is aligned with the bottom line of the graph paper or display graticule. k. Tune the analyzer frequency to 10,000 Hz and press the AFC bution, The 10 kHz calibration signal will produce a full scale meter reading, NOTE The Y-Axis recorder output ranges from 0 ¥ to +5°V de, When the Log 90 4B scale is selected, an output of 0 V comespords to - 100 dB and +5 comesponds to OB (005 VfB). When using the Log 904B for 10aB} ‘scale, it is convenient to calibrate the X-¥ recorder (step 1) 30 that fallscale (0B) is 10 major dinisions above the bottom Tine - 100

You might also like

• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  From Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (5807)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brene Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1091)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (842)
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (599)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1716)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (590)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1104)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (897)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (537)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2104)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (346)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1016)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (821)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1850)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (440)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Toibin

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1946)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (401)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4610)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4203)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1929)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (806)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  From Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (98)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2520)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1898)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3811)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2409)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (792)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John Le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)