Instructional Planning

(The process of systematically planning, developing, evaluating and managing the instructional
process by using principles of teaching and learning - D.O. 42, s. 2016)
Detailed Lesson Plan (DLP) Format

Esperanza Senior High School

School Grade Level 11
Teacher Daisy O. Pao Learning Area FABM 1
Time 7:30-8:20(T) 10:39-11:29(Th) Quarter Quarter 3-Week 2
9:48-10:38(F) 11:30-1:20(W)
Dates/Days Feb 20-24, 2023 Semester Second Semester

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of accounting concepts and
Principles.
B. Performance Standards The learners are able to identify generally accepted accounting principles

C. Learning Competencies / Objectives The learners will be able to:

 explain the varied accounting concepts and principles
 solve exercises on accounting principles as applied in various cases
Write the LC code for each ABM_FABM11-IIIb-c-15
ABM_FABM11-IIIb-c-16
Accounting Concepts and Principles
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials Pages FABM 1 Quarter 3-Module 2 pp. 3-14
3. Textbook Pages
4. Additional Materials from Learning Laptop, PowerPoint, DLP/TV, video
Resource (LR) portal
Pefianco, Erlinda C. The Accounting Process: Principles nd Problems. (Makati:
B. Other Learning Resources Goodwill Trading, 1996)..
Gilbertson, Claudia. 2010. Fundamentals Of Accounting. 8th ed. Australia:
Cengage Learning.
V. PROCEDURES
• Prayer
Introductory Activity • Arranging of chairs
• Checking of attendance
• Review of previous lesson
• Presentation of new topic
Directions: Group the students into 2 groups and let them categorize the
Activity/Strategy following terms whether they are internal or external users by writing them on
their proper column in the given table. The group representative will write the
answers on the board.

1. Management
2. Creditors
3. Tax Authorities
4. Regulatory Authority
5. Employees
6. Owners
7. Customers
8. Investors
 Ask the learner/s how to relate the Accounting concept the real life situation.
Analysis
Discuss and elaborate on what the accounting concepts and principles.

Accounting Concepts and Principles, (Ballada, 2017)

Abstraction 1. Materiality Principle
This includes all assets that are immaterial to make a difference in the
financial statements which the company should record as an expense.
Example: Robi, an accounting clerk, purchased a friction pen. She
estimated it to have a useful life up to three months. Since
a friction pen is immaterial relative to assets, it should
be recorded as an expense.
2. Going-Concern Principle
This means that the business is expected to continue indefinitely.
Example: Mr. Clark’s sushi business is experiencing difficulty, but he is still
expecting it to continue that is why he still updates his books of
account.
3. Time Period Principle
The financial statements are usually divided into specific time intervals. The
business should report the financial statements appropriate to a specific
period.
Example: Teresita is an accountant of ABC Company. Her boss requires
her to prepare financial statements every month.
4. Monetary Unit Principle
Any amount involved in the business is stated into a single monetary unit.
Example: A fast food chain has branches all over the world but their
Financial statements must be reported in peso since they also
have branch here in the Philippines.
5. Business Entity Principle
In this principle, there is a separation and distinction of transactions
between the business enterprise and its owner or investor.
Example: Aling Babes, the owner of a mini grocery store, separates the
assets and liability of her business from her personal
transactions. All transactions of the business will be just in the
business while her personal matters will be hers only.
6. Cost Principle
This is an accounting principle wherein accounts should be recorded
initially at cost as well as assets at their respective cash amounts at the
time the asset was purchased.
Example: When the owner of a sari-sari store buys a calculator, it should
be recorded in the cash register at its price when it was bought.
7. Accrual Accounting Principle
In this principle, revenue should be recognized when earned regardless of
collection. Same goes with expenses which are recorded when incurred
regardless of payment. But in the Cash Basis Principle, revenue is logged
when collected, and expenses should be recorded when paid. A Cash Basis
is not generally an accepted principle today.
Example: When a painter finishes performing his services, he should
record it as revenue even if his professional fee is still
uncollected. When the painter has to pay his studio rent, he
should record it as an expense even if it is unpaid.
8. Matching Principle
In this principle, cost should be matched with the revenue generated. It
requires that the expenses incurred during a period be recorded in the same
period in which the related revenues are earned.
Example: Siony sold the goods to her customers, the revenue increases
and the inventories decrease. The reduction of the inventories
in relation to revenues is called the cost of goods sold and it
should be recorded in the period in which the revenues were
 earned.
9. Disclosure Principle
All necessary, relevant, and material information should be reported in this
principle for transparency.
Example: Aleena bought a computer for her computer shop. She made
sure that it was recorded on the financial reports.
10. Conservatism Principle
This is also known as prudence. Assets and income should not be
overstated while liabilities and expenses should not be understated. In case
of doubt, expenses should be recorded at a higher amount. Revenue
should be recorded at a lower amount.
Example: Suppose an asset owned by Mico, like inventory was bought for
Php 20,000.00 but can now be bought for Php 15,000.00. Then
the company must immediately write down the value of the asset
to at Php 15,000.00 because of the lower cost in the market. But
if the inventory was bought for Php 20,000.00 and now has a
market value of Php 25,000.00, it must still be shown as
Php 20,000.00 on the books because the gain is only recorded
when the inventory or asset is sold.
11. Objectivity Principle
In this concept, financial statements of an organization must be presented
with supporting solid evidence and the intent behind this principle is to
keep the management and the department of accounting from making
financial statements that are affected by their opinions and biases.
Example: Martimart Enterprise is trying to get a financing from Madas
Bank for some expansion but the enterprise’s bank wants to
see a copy of its financial statements before it approves loan
of the enterprise. The enterprise’s bookkeeper prints out an
income statement from its accounting system and mails it to
the bank. Most likely, Madas Bank will reject this financial
statement because an independent party did not prep

Oral Recitation:
Application Directions: Identify the principle describe in each item. Choose your answers
from the box.

___________1. Cost should be matched with the revenue generated.

___________2. All relevant and material information should be reported.
___________3. This is also known as prudence. In this principle, assets and
Income should not be overstated while liabilities and expenses
should not be understated in case of doubt.
___________4. In this principle, assets that are immaterial to make a difference
In the financial statements should be recorded as an expense.
___________5. This principle states that revenue should be recognized when
earned regardless of collection and expenses and should also
be recognized when incurred regardless of payment.
___________6. Accounts should be recorded initially at cost.
___________7. Financial statements must be presented with supporting
evidences.
___________8. Amounts are stated into a single monetary unit.
___________9. Financial statements are to be divided into specific time ntervals.
___________10. Business is expected to continue indefinitely.
 Paper and Pen Test:
Assessment Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The accounting guideline that requires financial statement information to be
supported by independent, unbiased evidence other than someone's belief or
opinion is the _______.
A. objectivity principle C. going-concern principle
B. monetary unit principle D. cost principle
2. The principle that requires every business to be accounted separately and
distinctly from its owner or owners is known as the _______.
A. objectivity principle C. going-concern principle
B. business entity principle D. revenue recognition principle
3. The rule that requires financial statements to reflect the assumption that the
business will continue operating instead of being closed or sold, unless
evidence shows that it cannot continue is the _______.
A. going-concern principle C. objectivity principle
B. business entity principle D. cost principle
4. To include the personal assets and transactions of a business' owner in the
records and reports of the business would be in conflict with the _______.
A. objectivity principle C. business entity principle
B. realization principle D. going-concern principle
5. The objectivity principle means _______.
A. the information is supported by independent, unbiased evidence
B. the information can be based on what the preparer thinks is true
C. financial statements should contain information that is optimistic
D. a business may not reorganize revenue until cash is received13
6. Marian Mosely is the owner of Mosely Accounting Services. The accounting
principle that requires Marian to keep her personal financial information
separated from the financial information of Mosely Accounting Services is___.
A. monetary unit principle C. cost principle
B. going-concern principle D. business entity principle
7. The accounting principle that requires all goods and services purchased to be
recorded at cost is the _______.
A. going-concern principle C. cost principle
B. continuing-concern principle D. business entity principle
8. The business files for bankruptcy when it is not in the _______.
A. going concern Principle C. materiality principle
B. matching principle D. monetary unit principle
9. The statement that is correct in relation to Cost Principle is _______.
A. cost is relevant. C. only letter a is correct
B. cost is reliable. D. letter a and b are correct.
10. Matching principle is important because proper matching of_____ and _____
gives a more accurate report.
A. revenue and expenses C. cost and expenses
B. cash and expenses D. value and expenses
11. The transactions of the business are separated from the personal
transactions of the owner. This principle is stated by _______________.
A. business entity C. objectivity
B. matching principle D. going-concern
12. The business will run in an indefinite time. This principle stated is from ____.
A. going-concern Principle C. accrual
B. conservatism D. business entity
13. Conservatism is also known as _______.
A. prudence C. frugality
B. patience D. generosity
14. Mr. Pedro makes his financial reports monthly. What kind of principle his
accountant performs _______ Principle.
A. time period C. revenue recognition
B. conservatism D. accrual
 15. It requires the expenses incurred during a period to be recorded in the same
period in which related revenues are earned. This refers to _______.
A. matching principle C. conservatism principle
B. objectivity principle D. materiality principle

Assignment/Agreement Directions: Hunt for accounting principles in the letter grid. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

V. REMARKS

VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 80% on the
formative assessment.
B. No. of learners who require additional
activities for remediation.
C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of
learners who have caught up with the lesson.
D. No. of learners who continue to require
remediation.
E. Which of my teaching strategies worked
well? Why did these work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter which my
principal or supervisor can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized materials did I
use/discover which I wish to share with other
teachers?

Prepared by: Checked by:

DAISY O. PAO RECHIE A. LAZALITA

Teacher II School Principal I