Pumps {8 mechanical device for providing the force to move mass materials in liquid, granular or ‘gaseous form, or to compress gases Centrifugal \Water fs drawn into the pump & discharged with a centrifugal force Best for moving large volumes of water at low-to-medium pressures good for steady flows low-tohigh discharge pressures, and dirty, abrasive, or partly solid liquids, Reciprocating piston pumps that operate with Controlled speed. The discharge froma reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when the speed of the pump is changed. Sometimes an air ‘chamber is introduced to regulate the pulsation, Good for high discharge pressures and small capacities clean and clear liquids, {and pulsing flows, Not good where pulsing flows are undesirable. Rotary Rotary pumps are piston pumps that make use of a pump driver -Best for moving viscous or high-pressure liquids; +9004 for steady flows, medium lscharge pressures, and smallo-medium capacities “Not good for abrasive liquids Piston Waters sucked into a sealed vacuum by.use of piston {SINGLE ACTION wateris drawn in with only 11motion 2.DOUBLE ACTION - either stroke 3,DUPLEX/ TWIN PISTONoF a é Single Action a2. Double ActionSubmersible peechiaatuaeies UMpPS “emo a mechanical device for providing the force ‘Many common types of pumps can be tomove mass materials in quid granular or designed by manufacturers tobe ‘gaseous form, oF to compress goses submersible Turbine Turbine Pumps are centrifugal pumps sod for large applications because of their multiple impellers Turbine Pumps can discharge upto 2000 GPM Sump ‘Sump pumps are used In applications where ‘excess water must be pumped away froma particular area, ‘Sump pumps in general isa category that lencompasses a number of styles of pumps that are sed to pump out collected fluid Jet Jt pumps are centitugal pumps typically used for ‘drawing water up from a well 1.DEEP WELL - high volume applications 2 SHALLOW WELL residential wells 3.CONVERTIBLE ~ can be used for deep/shallow walls ‘4.MINIATURE ~-small applicationsDug Well + oka shallow well + most common type, usually dug ‘manually at around 15m deep, Bored Well + ‘Similar to dug welt but constructed Using an auger driven in by hand or with power tools dom hand driven below 15 eters, but can reach 40+ meters & ith power tools| ited Well fextrome water pressure so as affect existing foundations in city 188 use ofa suction pump above, ile casing acts as the pump riser * Used only where ground is relatively soft, hence sometimes referred to.as soraipuronecr —_-*“Sand-Point Wells” — Individual Well Springs (according to method of construction) Driven Well + Dug with a sharp pointed hollow slotted Iron rod and well screen + Depths are from 10-15 meters Drilled Well + Used for driting oit + Can reach up to 100m2™Most Common Sources of Contamination: + Septic Tank leach fields tack feedlotsTypes of Tanks for domestic use Overhead Tanks (eS laat) Pec AC |) 3} & Cisterns eaCcSSUL (cM IclAL<) Hot Water TanksGravity Supply Tanks iN Water Tanks Ege Cats a ATcLOlMATcLUCom AV ccltcle TanksSua? eae) eens Cnet Se ei Pr) Range Boiler > E Types of Hot or oe E1Cc LASFunctions: + Control ofthe water system © Start or shut down a system © Regulate pressure © Check backflow © Control direction of water Gate Valve + ake. ‘Fullavay Valve! + Used mainly to completely close oF ‘completely open the water lina (does ‘not control flow of water) + Best sulted tothe main supply and ‘pump lines wherein operation is Inequent Rules Regarding LOCATION * remoriatteycantsanoe cenainsectonormeneworkin TV types Of Gate Valves: Of Valves: s=sssenuidon nee YP each branch Fa + Locate valves where thoy aonottco) Raa) © Wedge Shape / neenonngecossb ri fC rangredBise | Te lvesFour types of 2.a, Water System Valves hrhroe typescot Check Valves: GLOBE VALVE Globe Valves: (CHECK VALVE -contooshutfow trough alse An automate valve which ports thats lowered slowly by uring 3 Uiquidtetewinentyonedrecton screwdown spindle to seating (they fj Ae are also desrbed as sre down i valves) swing + i + The Pug Type commonly used in igh pressure Dse ave andiot water pipework = forthoting | + Vorteal + Horzonta '» The Conventional FOOT VALVE ‘SAFETY VALVE Disc Valve (Ball (Cooma the ken Used on water ype) endothe pumps seme Seema heating or shutting systems, compressed airlines & otherpipe wee lines with excessive Used mainty to I + The Composition Dise Valve © forsteam and) hot waterTypes of Fa ucets / Bibbs: Compression Cock + Operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet Key Cock + Operates with a round tapering plug ‘ground tofit a metal sheet + ‘Hose bib”: has grooves fitfor ahose ~~ Ball Faucet * Constructed with a ball connected to the handle controls & valves Water Hammer Back Siphonage + the flowing back of used, Defects in Water Distribution Systems: Expansion / Contraction + Pipes expand and contract due to ‘continuous changes in temperature ‘+ Anairspace should be provided 10 allow for breathing room ‘knocking inthe pipes ccaused when faucets inthe lower levels are shut off ‘abruptly or automatically the force exerted by the. decelerating water causes the pipes to shake and rattle. Friction Head Loss + Friction occurs when liquid flowing Contaminated polluted waterfrom through the pipe makes contact with a plumbing fixture or vessel nto.a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe the pipe enclosures, thus reducing the speed of water flow “There is greater Friction Hea “Back Flow- the flow of other iquids, mixtures, oF substances into the distri pipes of @ potable supply of tank plumbing fixture, oF ot device and the flood level i fcrDirect Pressure Distribut + Water is obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin & extended into publi@ = Fz. water, a eae ion di ION indirect Pressure Distribution + Water is taken form a diled well or underground water + Involves individual special ‘mechanical equipmentParts of the Cold Water Distribution System (Potable & Tap): Service Pipe Water Meter Horizontal Supply Main * pipe from the street water main or + device used to measurein ters or + the principal water distribution pipe other source of water supply tothe gallons the amount of water that running from the water mator fom buiding served passes through the water service which the various branches and risers to the fhtures are taken, isolation backflow fenceline/ valve prevention. boundary meter’ device garden tap VICE PIPE sTER METER HORIZONTAL Cold Water , | ,,, Distribution p= a System \\ |___ House rumen water mainTypes of Cold Water Distribution Systems (within buildings): Upfeed System Direct Upfeed Air Pressure System (Pneumatic) + Water's provided by the city water sue + When pressure supplied by city ‘companies using normal pressure watersupplyisnotstrong enough fe wal + Compressed airis used to ais and. | ae push water into the system neraag “tenon & ld Wa ter Downfeed/overheadfeed/ — =, Gravity System DiStrIDUTION vs sspenoseoeeies System tothe fixtures by means of gravityUSNR DYSART y Upfeed System iminates extra cost of pumps & tanks. ressure System 1. With compact pumping unit. 2. Sanitary due to air tight water chamber. 3. Oxygen in the compressed air serves as purifying agent. 4. Less initial construction & maintenance cost 5. Adaptable air pressure. Overheadfeed System 1. Water is not affected by peak load hour. 2. Not affected by power interruptions. 3. Time needed to replace broken parts does not affect water supply. Pressure from water main is inadequate to supply tall buildings. ‘Water supply is affected during peak load hour. Water supply is affected by loss of pressure inside the tank in case of power interruption. Maximum zoning for each system is 10 floors. Water is subject to contamination, High maintenance cost. Occupies valuable space Requires stronger foundation and other structure to carry additional load of tank and water,Upfeed and Gravity Return Systely hot water ee See eae distribution rena Cote nee aay system Beene Seen Peete deel seta Distribution Systems (within buildings): + Hot water rises onto the highest point of the pene ents Via gravity (closed pipe system) Oe eee anS perenne Brees ee riser & the diminishing sizes passesthrough the upper floors ofthe bulging Pump Circuit System See eee en rey eee at ecoaCe cs1acle distribution SVE Ta KIND OF GALLONS PER BUILDING PERSONS PER HOUR fice Buisings 4105 Schoo! Buildings ‘Apartment Buildings Hotel Bt0 10 Factories 406 Residential 10 Working Load of Hot Water Systems ‘AVERAGE WORKING LOAD School, Office & Industrial types 25% KIND OF BUILDING Apartments & Residences 35% Hotels & Restaurant 50aroy MN ec1 k=) a distribution CS 2 Types of Water Heating Systems: Hot Water Space Heating System SN ee ae ae Hot Water Supply System + Not a closed system which operate on much higher temperature Protection of Hot Water Tank: BSCR CM lNd Seeger ny Temperature & SUR Ae Serene ney