Automatic Attendance

using machine learning

Abstract
In this project w e have implemented the automated attendance system
using Machine L earning. W e have projected our ideas to implement
“A utomated A ttendance System Based on Facial Recognition”, in
which it imbibes large applications. The application includes face
identification, w hich saves time and eliminates chances of proxy
attendance because of the face authorization. Hence, this system can be
implemented in a field w here attendance plays an important role.
INT R ODUC T ION
Attendance is of prime importance for both the teacher and student of an educational organization. The problem arises
when we think about the traditional process of taking attendance in the classroom. Calling name or roll number of the
student for attendance not only wastes time, but also it requires energy. So an installation of an automatic attendance
system will solve all these problems. There are some automatic attendance taking systems which are currently being used
by multiple institutions. Example of one such system is the use of biometric technique. Although it is automatic and a
step ahead of the traditional method, it fails to meet the time constraint. The student has to wait in queue for giving
attendance, which is time taking. This project introduces an involuntary attendance marking system, devoid of any kind
of interference with the normal teaching procedure.An automatic attendance system by facial recognition using machine
learning is a smart and organized way for any organization which demands the regular maintenance of the attendance of
the employees, worker or students. T his approach will save the money of organization, save time and spare you with the
frustration of the manual input of attendance, which is being followed since ages. The automatic approach of attendance
will increase efficiency, by the implementation of the electronic, integrated time and attendance system resulting in profit
in every aspect.
Objective

• The system is designed using PY THON using IDE(A naconda

navigator). The proposed system uses HaarCascade algorithm
w hich is based on eigenface approach. This algorithm compares the
test image and training image and determines students w ho are
present and absent. The attendance record is maintained in an
database w hich is updated automatically in the system.
Problem Statement
This project is being carried out due to the concerns that have been highlighted on the methods
w hich lectures use to take attendance during lectures. The use of clickers, ID cards sw iping and
manually w riting dow n names on a sheet of paper as a method to track student attendants has
prompted this project to be carried out. This is not in any w ay to criticize the various methods
used for student attendance, but to build a system that w ill detect the number of faces present in a
classroom as w ell as recognizing them. Also, a teacher w ill be able to tell if a student
w as honest as these methods mentioned can be used by anyone for attendance records, but w ith
the face detection and recognition system in place, it w ill be easy to tell if a student is actually
present in the classroom or not.This system w ill not only improve classroom control during
lectures, it w ill also possibly detect faces for student attendance purposes.
L iterature Survey:
1.Automated Attendance Management System Based On Face Recognition Algorithms:

On this paper they propose an automated attendance management system. This system is basically based on face
detection and recognition algorithms, automatically detect the student when he enters the classroom and marks the
attendance by recognizing him. Because of LBPH outperforms other algorithms with better recognition rate and low
false positive rate the system is based on this algorithm. The system uses SVM and Bayesian as a classifier because
they are better when compared to distance classifiers. The workflow of the system architecture is when a person enters
the classroom his image is captured by the camera at the entrance. A face region is then extracted and pre-processed
for further processing. As not more than two persons can enter the classroom at a time face detection algorithm has
less work. The future work they are saying on this paper is to improve the recognition rate of algorithms when there
are unconscious changes in a person like tonsuring head, using a scarf, facial hair. T he limitation of the system is it
only recognizes face up to 30 degrees angle variations which have to be improved further. Gait recognition should be
combined with face recognition systems in order to achieve better performance of the system.
2.An E valuation of Face R ecognition A lgorithms and Accuracy based on V ideo in
Unconstrained Factors :

There are three w ell-know n algorithms that this paper w ill compare Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces,
and L BPH by using a database that contains a face of persons w ith a variety of position and
expression. According to the experiment results, L BPH got the highest accuracy on the possible
external factors like light exposure, noise, and the video resolution. How ever, this algorithm
has limitation due to the negative light exposure and high noise level more than the other
statistical methods. The recognition accuracy also tested w ith three various video resolutions
that are 720p, 480p, and 360p. The results show L BPH got the highest accuracy in 720p w hile
the others got the highest accuracy in 360p video resolution. L BPH can give reliable
recognition accuracy hence it uses a histogram similarity, but it w as sensitive in some cases.
3.Class R oom A ttendance System Using Facial R ecognition System:

This paper aims to introduce a new approach to identify a student using a

face recognition system in the classroom environment, i.e. the generation
of a 3D Facial Model. This research is to attempt to provide an automated
attendance system that recognizes students using face recognition
technology from an image/video stream to record their attendance in
lectures or sections and evaluating their performance accordingly.
4. R eal-T ime Face R ecognition For Attendance Monitoring System:

On This paper they presented an automated attendance monitoring system w ith face
recognition in a real-time background world for with a database of student’s
information by using Personal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. This task is very
difficult as the real-time background subtraction in an image is still a challenge. And,
managing a database with multiple of student information’s is also a challenge to the
system. Implementing of this system basically involving three main phases, which
include face region detection, template extraction, and face recognition. Before the
feature extraction process, all input images are extracted and converted from RGB into
gray scale images. Then, the system starts the histogram.
5.A C ounterpart A pproach to A ttendance and Feedback System
using Machine L earning T echniques:
In this paper, the idea of tw o technologies namely Student A ttendance and
Feedback system has been implemented w ith a machine learning approach.
This system automatically detects the student performance and maintains
the student's records like attendance and their feedback on the subjects
like Science, English, etc. Therefore the attendance of the student can be
made available by recognizing the face. On recognizing, the attendance
details and details about the marks of the student is obtained as feedback.
6.Automated Attendance System Using F ace R ecognition:

Automated Attendance System using Face Recognition proposes that the system is
based on face detection and recognition algorithms, w hich is used to automatically
detects the student face w hen he/she enters the class and the system is capable to
marks the attendance by recognizing him. V iola-Jones Algorithm has been used for
face detection w hich detect human face using cascade classifier and PCA algorithm
for feature selection and SV M for classification. W hen it is compared to traditional
attendance marking this system saves the time and also helps to monitor the
students.
7.C lass R oom Attendance System Using Facial R ecognition System:

Abhishek Jha proposed the face is the identity of a person. The methods to exploit this
physical feature have seen a great chance of image processing techniques. The
accurate recognition of a person is the aim of a face recognition system and this
identification maybe used for coming processing. The methods can be facial
recognition are: International Conference on Audio and (AV BPA) and(AFGR). The
facial recognition process can be divided into tw o stages: processing before detection
where face detection and alignment and recognition occur through feature extraction
are face detection, face alignment, feature extraction, face matching so on its providing
an automated attendance system for all the students that attend a certain lecture,
section, laboratory or exam at its specific time, thus saving time, effort and reduce
distractions and disturbances.
8.Robust Face Detection om Still Images

Bhaw na Dhupia, Nabil L itayem, Sadia Rubab proposed the wide variety of mobile devices available the
challenge is developing innovative mobile learning solutions for class .But an important challenge here is
to confirm the presence of students in class. They are used two methods are electronic attendance system
and mobile learning system. A ttendance is a very basic task student during class using mobile send
teacher’s photo through email and teacher check email and mark attendance of the student. A platform
independent mobile learning system is a web based application and it provides an which is a mobile
implementation of student response system provide a quick feedback to teachers about student
performance. If sensing and web cam are used, fake attendance problem is resolved, but if students sit on
the same seat as on a bench or student frequently changes seat than accuracy of face detection and
identification are affected a large number of samples of each student highlight a major problem.
9.Face Recognition W ith Disparity C orrected Gabor Phase Differences:

Chrisford Ling, Patrick L aytner, Qinghan Xiao proposed the biometric systems have become an
increasingly popular solution for security related applications. Retina and fingerprint scanners upon to
accurately perform an wide range of tasks including authentication of personnel to restricted sites and
identification of individual persons. Facial recognition is a rapidly grow ing area its non-contact nature,a
human face, detecting a face in an image, the first step to perform facial recognition, is by no means a
simple task, such as Principal Component A nalysis (PCA), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and HAAR-
like features, the skin color properties in several common color spaces such as RGB, Normalized RGB,
and HSV . HAAR-like features have been widely used in different ada boosting algorithms and object
detection, face detection. An Ada Boost-based algorithm is used to select features that are used for facial
classification a collection of them to form a stronger and more reliable classifier of the biometric system.
10.Automated Of Attendance and Student T racking W ith Face Recognition And Ultrasonic Sensor:

Dennis Haufe, Manuel Gunther, Rolf P.W iirtz proposed the Gabor wavelet responses at single locations of
facial images are collected into Gabor jets, w hich are extracted at several offset positions and assembled into a
Gabor graph G. Often, the identity of a probe image, it is compared w ith several gallery images and assigned
the identity of the most similar gallery image. Image comparison is traced back to the comparison of the two
Gabor graphs extracted from these images. Elastic bunch graph matching (EBGM), the correspondence
problem is solved locally by computing offset position corrections, so-called disparities. The CAS-PEAL
images are partitioned into a gallery of 1040 images w ith ambient illumination and neutral facial expression,
and different probe sets. W e here process the probe sets Expression and Lighting. The Expression probe set
contains 1570 images with ambient illumination, show ing one of five facial expressions. The Lighting probe
set consists of images w ith neutral expression, but strong fluorescent illumination from fifteen different
directions and one frontal incandescent illumination.
Problem Definition
To create a dynamic student portal that acts as a gatew ay for just-enough,
just-in-time information for all students.

● To save time and efforts that w ere supposed to be put by instructors during
each lecture.

● To prevent unauthorized attendance registration using multi-factor

authentication.
Existing System

Image processing is a method to perform some operations on an image, in order to get an

enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a type of signal processing in w hich
input is an image and output may be image or characteristics/features associated with that image.

L imitations

1) It's very costly depending on the system used, the number of detectors purchased.

2) Time consuming

3) L ack of qualified professional

The main limitation is that if the object size is smaller than the pixel size, then it can not be applied
efficiently because then one pixel can contain two or more objects
Proposed System
Haar C ascade A lgorithm
Haar Cascade is a machine learning object detection algorithm used to
identify objects in an image or video.
The algorithm has four stages:
1.Haar Feature Selection
2.Creating Integral Images
3.Adaboost Training
4.Cascading Classifiers
Advantages
1.W e can able to train more amount of data
2.High accuracy
Architecture
Capturing Student Apply Haar Cascade
Face algorithm

Face Detection and

Recognition Module

Update the
Result Attendance in
database
R equirement Analysis
Hardw are Requirements:
System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
Hard Disk : 1TB
Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
Monitor : 15 V GA Color.
Mouse : Logitech.
Ram : 8Gb.
Softw are R equirements:
Operating system : W indow s 10
Front End : Html
Bank End : Sqllite3
Coding Language : Python
IDE : A naconda Navigator
Modules
RE GIST E R MODUL E :

In this module new user should register their face to get account
number. For that they need to fill their personal details like Username,
Passw ord , Mail ID, year and Department.
Pre-Processing Module:

It is face normalized and desires, they are enhanced to improve the

performance of recognition system. Feature Extraction Module: A fter
performing some pre-processing (if-necessary), the normalized face
image is presented to the feature extraction module in order to find the
key features that are going to be used for classification. In other w ords,
this module is responsible for composing a feature vector that is w ell
enough to represent the face image.
Face Detection

Face detection is important as the image taken through the camera given to
the system, face detection algorithm applies to identify the human faces in
that image, the number of image processing algorithms are introduce to
detect faces in an images and also the location of that detected faces. W e
have used HOG method to detect human faces in given image.
Face R econition :

There are 68 specific points in a human face. In other w ords w e can say 68
face landmarks. The main function of this step is to detect landmarks of
faces and to position the image. A python script is used to automatically
detect the face landmarks and to position the face as much as possible
without distorting the image.
Classification Module:

In this module, w ith the help of pattern classifier, extracted features of the
face image is compared w ith the ones stored in a face library or face
database. A fter doing this comparison, face image is classified as either
known or unknow n. Training Set: Training sets are used during the
" learning phase" of the face recognition process in supervised face
classifiers. The feature extraction and the classification modules make
direct use of the face library.
C onclusion
In this system w e have implemented an attendance system for a lecture, section or
laboratory by w hich lecturer or teaching assistant can record students’ attendance. It saves
time and effort, especially if it is a lecture w ith huge number of students. Automated
Attendance System has been envisioned for the purpose of reducing the draw backs in the
traditional (manual) system. This attendance system demonstrates the use of machine
learning techniques in classroom. This system can not only merely help in the attendance
system, but also improve the goodw ill of an institution. Students using mobile phone or not
attend class mentally means mark w ill be Reduced. For future w ork, the plan is to use
neural netw ork based face recognition in order to speed up the process.
REFERENCE
1)Shireesha Chintalapati; M. V. Raghunadh, "Automated Attendance Management System
Based On Face Recognition Algorithms", 2013 IEEE International Conference on
Computational Intelligence and Computing Research.
2) Phichaya Jaturawat; Manop Phankokkruad, "An Evaluation of Face Recognition
Algorithms and Accuracy based on Video in Unconstrained Factors", 2016 6th IEEE
International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)
3) Abhishek Jha: ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, "Class Room Attendance System
Using Facial Recognition System", The International Journal of Mathematics, Science,
Technology and Management (ISSN : 2319-8125) Vol. 2 Issue 3
4)S. SAYEED, J. HOSSEN, S.M.A. KALAIARASI, V. JAYAKUMAR, I. YUSOF, A. SAMRAJ,
"Real-Time Face Recognition For Attendance Monitoring System" Journal of Theoretical
and Applied Information Technology 15th January 2017. Vol.95. No.1
5)N.Sudhakar Reddy, M.V.Sumanth, S.Suresh Babu, "A Counterpart Approach to Attendance
and Feedback System using Machine Learning Techniques",Journal of Emerging
Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Volume 5, Issue 12, Dec 2018.
6)Dan Wang, Rong Fu, Zuying Luo, "Classroom Attendance Auto-management
Based on Deep Learning",Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities
Research, volume 123,ICESAME 2017.
7)Abhishek Jha, “Class Room Attendance System Using Facial Recognition System”,
IEEE The International Journal of Mathematics, Science, Technology and
Management (ISSN : 2319-8125) Vol. 2 Issue 3,2015.
8)Chirsford Ling, Patrick Laytner and Qinghan Xiao “Robust Face Detection om
Still Images”, in IEEE in 2014 IEEE Symp. on Comp. Intell. in Biometrics and Identity
management (CIBIM), pp. 76–80, Dec 2014.
9)Dennis Haufe, Rolf P.Wiirtz and Manuel Gunter “Face Recognition With Disparity
Corrected Gabor Phase Differences” pp. 411–418, Springer-Verlag, 2012.
10)Divyaharitha p, Gayathri B, Safiya Parvin A “Automated Of Attendance and
Student Tracking With Face Recognition And Ultrasonic Sensor” IEEE transaction
2013.