Definitions:
LAWS- defined as a rule of conduct. These rules of
LABOR RELATIONS- the process between employers
and employees, management, and unions in order to
make decisions in organizations. The decisions taken
refer to wages, working conditions, hours of work, and
safety at work, security, and grievances.
 the relationship between management and the
labor representatives.
 How the employer deals with their employees
NEGOTIATIONS- Collective bargaining is the process in
which working people, through their unions, negotiate
contracts with their employers to determine their terms
of employment, including pay, benefits, hours, leave,
job health and safety policies, ways to balance work and
family, and more.
 a form of decision-making where two or more
parties approach a problem or situation wanting
to achieve their own objectives
LABOR LAW - The law that governs the rights and duties
of the employer (Er) and employees (Ee) with respect
to:  regardless of sex, race or creed, and regulate the
1.The terms and conditions of employment,
and  shall assure the rights of workers to self-organization,
2. Labor disputes arising from collective
bargaining or other concerted activity
respecting such terms and conditions.
CLASSIFICATION OF LABOR LAWS  – All doubts in the implementation and interpretation of
1. Labor Standards –The minimum
requirements prescribed by existing laws, rules,
and regulations as to the terms and conditions
of employment relating to wages, hours of
work, cost-of-living allowance, and other
monetary and welfare benefits, including
occupational, safety, and health standards.   employment and equality of employment opportunities
e.g. wages, hours of work, 13th month
pay
2. Labor Relations – Defines and regulates the
status, rights, and duties, and the institutional
mechanisms that govern the individual and
collective interactions of Ers, Ees or their
representatives.  security of tenure, humane conditions of work, and a
e.g. Collective bargaining negotiations
3. Social Legislation - All laws passed by the
State to promote public welfare. Laws that
provide particular kinds of protection or
benefits to society or segments thereof in
furtherance of social justice. It includes statutes
intended to enhance the welfare of the people
even where there is no Er-Ee relationship.  including conciliation, and shall enforce their mutual
e.g. GSIS Law, SSS Law, Philhealth
benefits, 
4. Agrarian Laws
Protection to labor - In affording full
protection to labor, this Court must ensure
equal work opportunities regardless of sex, race
or creed giving maximum aid and protection to
labor, promoting their welfare and reaffirming it
as a primary social economic force in
furtherance of social justice and national
development. 
conduct are just and obligatory. They are promulgated
by legitimate authority (typically by the Legislature).
They are of common observance and benefit.
 system of rules designed to regulate behavior in
both public and private society.
IMPORTANCE Laws are important because they are
guidelines for a state. Without laws citizens would not
know how to act and cause harm to others. Laws are
aimed at common good and keep a society together and
functioning.
 protect our general safety, and ensure our
rights as citizens against abuses by other
people, by organizations, and by the
government itself.
 Laws provide access to justice
ART. 3. Declaration of Basic Policy
– The State shall afford protection to labor, promote
full employment, ensure equal work opportunities
relations between workers and employers. The State
collective bargaining, security of tenure, and just and
humane conditions of work.
ART. 4. Construction in Favor of Labor
the provisions of this Code, including its implementing
rules and regulations, shall be resolved in favor of labor.
ART. 13 SECTION 3 of the 1987 CONSTITUTION
The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and
overseas, organized and unorganized, and promote full
for all.
It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to self-
organization, collective bargaining and negotiations, and
peaceful concerted activities, including the right to
strike in accordance with law. They shall be entitled to
living wage. They shall also participate in policy and
decision-making processes affecting their rights and
benefits as may be provided by law.
The State shall promote the principle of shared
responsibility between workers and employers and the
preferential use of voluntary modes in settling disputes,
compliance therewith to foster industrial peace.
The State shall regulate the relations between workers
and employers, recognizing the right of labor to its just
share in the fruits of production and the right of
enterprises to reasonable returns on investments, and
to expansion and growth.