UNIT 4 Methods of Payment 1. Exercise | Read this true story about an English couple who went to France for day trip Put the verbs in brackets into the past tense, asin the example Not many people have done more on @ day trip than Michael and Lilian Long, from Kent in England, In May 1987 they sailed (sail) to Boulogne in France for the day In the afternoon they....(décide)<0 go for a walk around the town, and very soon they. (he) completely ost and they....{novhave) a nap ‘We... (wafk) for a tong time,” Mrs. Long ....... (explain) We nn UY) 10 get back, but we just walked further and further away from Boulogne.” They.......(eary) on walking all night, and finaly they..Aget) a to 3 small ‘vilage that they....(ROVKROW), Here they. onuuu (Catch) a train to Paris, where they.....(spend) all their money a ticket to Bolougne. However they ....lake) the wrong trein and afer an enjoy trp, they....u.un.nAastive) in Luxemburg. at midnight on Monday. The police.....(put) them back on the train to Paris, but the tain... divide) into two, and their half....(g0) 10 Basle, an attractive town in Switzeriand They....(look) for work, because they......(nothave) any money, but they......(novsucceed). The railway Agive) them free tickets to Belfort, and from --(do) @ 65 km walk to Vesoul, and later a motorst.....(drive) theth back to Paris, At the train station, they neary....(board) the wrong train fo Bonn in Germany, but another passenger......(stop) them in time and .....(show) them the right platform. Finally they....(reach) Boulogne, a week after starting theit walk. At home at last, Mr. Long....(say) : “This was our first tip aboard, We are not going to leave England again’ T didn't Anew that the Ef was m Bovlogne * Exercise 2 Complete the table of regular and irregular verbs leave stay drive left said did found putIT. PEOPLE 1. GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Put a circle round the correct word or words to replace each blank A. Who. Edison ? 1, was B. Don’t you...” 2. kaow A. No, don't That's why....you ! Lask masking B. Edison was a very famous 4. think thought scientist. I... everyone knew. A. When......he live? 5. does did B. He.....in 1841 6. was born born and he......in 1931 7. dies died AL What? 8, did he do he dd B. He.....the electric light bulb 9 inventing invented A. Didhe........anything else ? 10. invent invented B. Yes, he....the world’s first gramophone. 11. makes made 2. GRAMMAR PRODUCTION Use a suitable form of each verb in bold type. Write your answers in the blanks. When he (be)... 88... -... a lot of question, The teacher (think)......cur HE (Denon stupid and she (send).....,...him home, Edison's mother (teach) her son at home and he (begin)..... to cary out a lot of experiments, He (earn) .......... money for his experiments by (garden) Later he (work)... on (rain and (continue)... to experiment there Unfortunately, in one of his experiments, he (set). fire to the trainWIL. Past continuous (I was doing) a) Study this example situation Yesterday Tom and Jim played tennis 1 10 o’elock auid finished at 11 o'clock What were they doing at 1030)” They were playing tennis (at 10.311 They were playing’ means that they were 12 the a of playing tennis. They had started playing but they hadn't finished This is the past continuous tens« he/she was playing wwe use the past continuous to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time, The action or situation had already started before this time but hadn't finished = This time last year I was living in Brazil ~ What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night ? b) The past continuous does not tell us whether an action was finished or not. Perhaps it was finished, perhaps not. Compare - Tom was cooking the dinner. (past continuous) = He was in the middle of cooking the dinner and we don’t know whether he finished cooking ~ Tom cooked at dinner. (past simple) = He begarand finished it ©) We often use the past contiuous (I was doing) and the past simple (1 did) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else ~ Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. - [saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book = It was raining when I got up. : ~ While t was working in the garden, I hurt my back. But to say that one thing happened after another, use the past simple - Yesterday evening Tom was having a bath when the phone rang. He got out of the bath and answered the phone. Compare - When Tom arrived, we were having dinner (past continuous) = We had already started dinner before Tom arrived, - When Tom arrived, we had dinner (past simple) = Tom arrived and then we hed dinner. Note: There are some verhs (for example know) which are not normally used in continuous tenses.Note; There are some verbs (for example know) which are not normally used in continuous te IV. Exercise 1. Here isa list of some things thbg Ann did yesterday (and the times at whieh she did them) : 8.45-9.15 had breakfast 4. 12.45-1.30 had lunch 9.15-10.00 read the newspaper 5, -2.30-3.30 washed some clothes 10,00-12.00 cleaned her flat 6. 4.00-6.00 watched television Now write sentences Saving what she was doing at these times AtQo’clock she was having breakfast. 4, At 1 o’clock At9.30 she eee 5. At3o’clock At II o'clock 6. AtS o'clock Rene A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm rang. Use the words in brackets to make sentences saying what each person was doing at the time. Example : (Don/havela bath) Don was having a bath. (Ann/write/a letter in her room), Ann (George/get/ready to go out). George (Carol and Dennis/have/dinner) Carol and Dennis, (Torn/make/a phone call) Tom Bo AeNH Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verbs into the-correct form, past simple (I did) or past continuous (I was doing). 7 Example : (VfalV/asleep when Vwatetutelevision). J fell asleep when I was watching television. (the phone/ring/when I-have/a shower). The phone (itbegin‘o rain when walk/home)..... : (welsee/an accident when we/wait/for the bus). Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Example : While Tom was cooking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring). (fall) off the ladder while he Ao owns. (paint) ' ceiling (hear) a seream George 5 _ (fead) in bed when suddenly 1 (you/watch) television when I phoned you ? (wait) forme — when... (arrive). (not/drive) i. very fast when the accident... accion (happen) a (break) a plate last night. 1............(do) the washing- up when it, (slip) out of my hand. 7. Tom 5 .(take)a photograph of me while 1... Lait night... OAeUN (nov look).& We 7 {not/go) oul because il (rain), 9. What (you/do) at this time yesterday ? 10 1 ) Carol at the party. She, (wear) a really beautiful dress. V. Verb + -ing stop enjoy. fancy admit consider miss finish mind imagine deny involve postpone delay suggest regret. avoid practise risk If these verbs are followed by another verb, the structure is usually verb + -ing - Stop talking ! = f'lldo the shopping when I’ve finished cleaning the flat = [don’t fancy going out this evening. ~ Have you ever considered going to live in another country ? - Ican't imagine George riding a motor-bike. - When I'm on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early. The following expressions alsc take -ing : give up (= stop) putoff (= postpone) keep or keepon (= do something) goon (continue) carryon (=continue) continuously or repeatedly - Are you going to give up smoking ? . > She kept (on) interrupting me while I was speaking, Note the passive form (being done/being seen/being told etc) : = [don’t mind being told what to do. ‘You cannot normally use the infinitive (to do/to dance etc.) after these verbs and expressions + Lenjoy dancing. (not ‘to dance”) _- Would you mind closing the door ? (not ‘to close”) * “= + Tomi suggested going to the cinema. (not ‘to go”) When you are talking about finished actions, you can also say having done/having stolen et. But it is not necessary to use this form. You can also use the simple -ing form for finished actions - He admited stealing (or having stolen) the money. - _ They now regret getting (or having got) married With some of the verbs in this unit (especially admit, deny, regret and suggest) you can also use a that......structure. - He denied that he had stolen the money. (or denied stealing)~ ‘Tom suggeted that we went to the cinema. (ar su wpested voing) VL. Exercise 1, In this exercise vow hare t complete the sentences with these verbs ty steal inet look write. = make ~——_be knocked wash paly eat spalsh go drive take Example ; Do you fies’ pldving tennis this aftemoon ? 1. Could you please stop svenes $9: MUCH NOISE ? 2. Idon'tenjoy letters. 3. Does your job involve i lot of people ? 4. Loonsidered ..... the job but in the end { decided against it 5. Ifyou see the shower, try and avoid . water on the floor 6. Jack 28V6 UP -rssmnnnn (0 find a job in Britain and decided to emigrate, 7, Have you finished... sennne YOUF hair yet ? 8 The phone rang while Ann was having her dinner. She didn’t answer it: she just carried on 9. He admitted .. the car but denied ..nu it dangerously 10. Why do you keep on . at me, like that ? 11, They had to postpone .. away because their son was ill. 12. Ifyou walk into the road without looking, you risk sve down by a car, 2. this time you have to read a sentence and write a second sentence with the same meaning, begin ‘your sentence in the way shown. 7 Examples: Do you have to travel in your job ? Does your job involve (ravelling He is now sorry that he didn't study harder when he was at college. He now regrets not studying harder when he was at college. 1. Tdon’t want to go out this evening. I don’t fancy ..... 2. Are you sorry you didn't take the job ? Do you regret... 3. Why don’t you go away tommorow instead of today ? Whay don’t you put off ou. until 4. It's not a.good idea to travel during the rush-hour. It's better t0 aVOid .nnsssisnnnnee 5. Could you tum the radio down, please ? = = Would you mind see 6. The drive of the car said it was true that he didn’t have a licence. The driver of the car admitted 7. Tom said ‘Let’s htave fish for dinner’ Tom suggested 3 Now.make your own sentences. Complete each sentence using -ing, Example: "I really enjoy going for long walks in the country, 1 Atweekends [enjoy .nglish involves | think people should stop. VIL. At/on/in (time) a) At ‘We use at with times at S o'clock at 11.45 at midnight at lucnhtime + ~ Tom usually leaves work at five o’clock. But we usually leave out at when we ask (At) what time >, We time are you going out this ever We also use at iri thesé expressions ai night Tdon’t like going out at | at the week-end/at week-ends Will you be here at the week-en: | at Christmas/at Easter We give each other presents at Christmas, (public holiday periods) at the moment/at present Mr. Benn is busy at the moment/at present. at the same time ‘Ann and I arrived at the same time at the age o Tom left school at the age of 16/at 16 b) On We use on with dates and days : on 12March on Friday(s) on Christmas Day (bu ‘at Christmas’) - They got married on 12 March. We also say : on Friday moming(s) on Sunday afernoon(s) on Monday evening(s) on Saturday night(s) etc. 7 Lusually go out on Monday evenings. + 9) In We usé in for longer periods of time (for example : moiths/vears/seasons) : in Apdil in 1968 im (the) winter in the [8th century in the 1970s in the Middle Ages ~ They got married in 1968. We also say : in the moming(sY/in the afternoon(sin the evening(s) ~ Pll see you in the morning. (but ‘I'll see you on Friday morning’) 4) We do not use at/onfin before last and next : ~ Tl see you next Friday. - They got married last March. ) In+aperiod of time =a time in the future: ~ The tarin will be leaving in a few minutes. (= a few minutes from now) ~ Jack's gone away. He’ll be back in a week. (=a week from now) ~ They are getting married in six months. (= six months from now) You can also say ‘in six month'time’, ‘in a week's time’ etc, ~ They are getting married in six months time.VIII. Exercises S CerngsHaune SEN DWALN In this exercise you have to comple of the phrases from the box 1e tim the age of five 21 July 1969 the moment the 1920s 1917 Saturdays night to say how long Hf takes to do something learnt to drive in four weeks «it took me four weeks to learn) the sentences. catch ume use aty the 15th century about five minutes the sam Columbus discovered America in the iii conmrt The first man landed in the moon . In Britain football matches are usually played You can see the stars In Britain children have to start school Jazz became popular in the United States It's difficult to listen when everyone is speaking The Russian Revolution took place Tom isn’t here He'll be back Put in the correct prepositions : at, on or in. Examples : The concert starts at ‘The course begins. We travelled ovemight to Paris and arrived Mozart was born in Salzbur 10 March, 7 January and ends... 6.30 the next morning. midnight and got up 1756. on ar in with ane 7.45, Learnt to drive in four weeks 5S o'clock ...... the moming. Are you doing anything special the week-end ? Hurry up ! We've got to go .. five minutes. Thaven’t seen Ann for a few days. | last saw her ..... Tuseday. JI phone you... Tuesday morning... about 10 o'clock, okey ? Tmight not be at home... the morning, Can you phone ..... the aftemoon instead ? ‘Tom’s grandmother died ...... 1977......... the age of 79. Jack's brother is an engineer but he's out of work............ the moment. ‘The price of electricity is going up .. ~. Sunday aftemoon Lusually go for a walk in the country There are usually alt of parties... New Years the Tike walking round the town ... ~---+ Night. It’s always so peaceful. Do you fancy going to the cinema .. Friday night ? Tom doesn’t see sometimes hhis parents very often these days-usually only the summer for a few days. Je been invited fo a wedding... 14 February, +m just going out to do some shopping. I'll be back... half an hour Carol got married 17, which is rather young to get married Christmas and