‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫العـــام الجامعــــى ‪ – 2020 / 2019‬دور مايـــــو‬

‫الغالف الخارجى للبحث‬

‫أوالً‪ :‬البيانات الخاصة بالطالب‬
‫الشعبة‬ ‫رقم‬ ‫الفرقة الدراسية الفرقة االولى‬
‫المجموعة‬
‫ميكانيكا قوى‬ ‫اسم القسم‬
‫علم وهندسة المواد‬ ‫اسم المقرر‬
‫أ‪.‬م‪.‬د‪ .‬عمرو احمد عبد الهادي‬ ‫استاذ المقرر‬
‫ثانياً‪ :‬البيانات الخاصة بالبحث‬
‫عنوان البحث‬
‫بحث جماعى‬ ‫بحث فردى‬ ‫طبيعة المشاركة‬
‫بواسطة‬ ‫ارسال البحث‬
‫الرقم القومى‬ ‫رقم الجلوس‬ ‫االسم رباعى‬ ‫م‬
‫اسماء الطالب‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫المشاركين فى‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫البحث‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2020 / 6 /‬‬ ‫تاريخ اإلرسال‬
‫ثالثاً‪ :‬البيانات الخاصة بالكنترول‬
‫راسب‬ ‫ناجح‬ ‫النتيجة‬
‫التوقيع‬ ‫االسماء‬
‫أ‪.‬م‪.‬د‪ .‬عمرو احمد عبد الهادي‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫أعضاء لجنة‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫تقييم البحث‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫فى حالة عدم قبول‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫البحث يرجى ذكر‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫األسباب‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪.............................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪The title of the project -------------------------------------------------------‬‬

‫‪Explain why you chose this subject.‬‬

‫‪Explain why materials selection is an important part of product design‬‬

 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

Function of the object (2-5 lines)

Find 3 appropriate material types to use in your object (from the engineering material).

The choice of each of the material types has to be justified.

What is the type your materials selected (metal - polymer - composite - ceramics)? And Describe
the enabling their property?
Cast iron: metal
A few common mechanical properties for cast iron include:
 Hardness : resistance to abrasion and indentation
 Toughness : capability to absorb energy
 Ductility : capability to deform without fracture
 Elasticity : capability to return to its original dimensions after it is deformed
 Malleability – capability to deform under compression before rupturing
 Tensile strength : the greatest longitudinal stress a material can withstand without tearing
apart
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

 Fatigue strength : the highest stress that a material can bear for a given number of cycles
without breaking.
 Very good torsion strength compared to still.

Other global metal properties:

 Lustrous
 Good conductivity of heat and electricity
 High melting point
 High density
 Usually solid at average room temperature
 Opaque as a thin sheet so what behind it can’t be seen
 Metals are sonorous or make a bell-like sound when hit

What are the atomic number, atomic mass, density and type of bonding of your choice materials?
And calculate the number of atoms in one cubic centimeter in it?
Cast iron:
materials Atomic no. Atomic mass Bonding type density Atoms/cm^3

1. Iron: 26 55.845 u metallic 7.874 g/cm³ 8.5*10^22

bonding

2. Carbon 6 12.0107 u covalent 2.26 g/cm^3 1.347*10^24

bond

3. silicon 14 28.0855 u covalent 2.33g/cm3 5*10^22

bonds

4. Sulphur 16 , 25 32.065 u covalent 2 g/cm3 3.76*10^22

, bonding
and .
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

Manganes 54.938044 u , , 8.14435*10^22

e Metallic
bonding 7.43 g/cm^3

Describe is atomic structure shape of your choice materials?

In the iron-carbon alloy system, a phase transformation occur between about 1,300 and
1,600°F. The exact temperature is known by the amount of carbon and other alloying
elements in the metal. Iron turns from a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure at high
temperature to a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure at a lower ones.
High-temperature austenite, an FCC structure, allows enough space for carbon to squeeze
in between the iron atoms. Iron atoms keep their place on the lattice and carbon atoms
become "interstitials." In the low-temperature ferrite, or BCC structure, however, there is
no space for carbon atoms.
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

Since cast iron is made of iron in majority, we will discuss this element:
iron is an element with 26 electrons and additionally protons and for normal 30 neutrons in the
nucleus as the figure shows the electronic configuration and the orbit shapes in the atom and its
properties:

Describe and illustrate the solidification process of your choice materials in terms of the nucleation
and growth of crystals?
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

Draw the cooling curve (solidification time) of your choice materials? And determine the value of
melting temperature?
Experimental cast iron cooling curve:
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

Melting point of cast iron is 1260 C.

Boiling point of cast iron is 2500 C.
Time Required to Melt 1000kg of Cast Iron Using A Induction Furnace with Power consumption at the
standard kW/kg ratio of Cast Iron (Ingot) is 560 kWh/ton.
that Means: one ton of Cast Iron (Ingots) consumes 560 kW for one hour (kWh) to melt.
and if you want to calculate time for another quantity or another power consumption for example 500kw, you can get it with
this equation.

Of course the time will be the same for solidification of the 560kw is taken from the internal energy
to turn to work in a adiabatic process.

Sketch the stress-strain curve and illustrated the main point of your choice materials?
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

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‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

Determine the values of the yield stress, fracture stress, tensile strength, strain energy and
toughness of your choice materials?
-65.5 - 1450 MPa yield tensile strength according to its density
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

-90.0 - 1650 MPa ultimate tensile strength

-44.0 - 110 MPa-m½ is the fracture toughness

The strain energy equals the resilience * volume

Resilience of cast iron could vary with changing pouring temperature as the figure shows

What is the value of the hardness of your choice materials?

-Hardness according to brinell is 110 – 807 according to density.
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

Conclusions
After observing cast iron properties including its high torsional strength as it’s better than steel in
and fatigue strength that ‘s very which is required for cars machinery as they function quickly and
do numerous work every day and also could be modified or enhanced with composition or heat
treatment to change resilience or with understanding of the fundamental relationships
between microstructure (phases, microconstituents, and the distribution of those constituents) and
the process variables of iron composition and the introduction of significant additives in molten
metal processing, so it’s a preferable material for car axles as it’s furthermore a cheap material
and easy to manufacture.

References
https://electroheatinduction.com/time-required-to-melt-1000kg-of-cast-iron-using-a-induction-
furnace/

http://www.matweb.com/search/datasheet_print.aspx?
matguid=6291a24572754cae94ff365ed99b96f9
 ‫كليــــــة الهندسة‬

‫كنترول الفرقة اولى ميكانيكا قوى‬

‫ – دور مايـــــو‬2020 / 2019 ‫العـــام الجامعــــى‬

https://www.machinedesign.com/materials/metals/article/21812758/crystal-structure
https://www.engineersedge.com/materials/metal_melting_temperatures_13214.htm
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
338143834_Establish_Using_FEM_Method_of_Constitutive_Model_for_Chip_Formation_in_the_
Cutting_Process_of_Gray_Cast_Iron
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/22/jresv22n2p191_A1b.pdf
https://www.thoughtco.com/metals-versus-nonmetals-608809
https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/553888/view/iron-atomic-structure
https://www.odinity.com/torsion-testing-of-steel-and-cast-iron/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/cast-iron