Mon Tues 21 Weel") Thurs Fac Sat — GP Semester Class” Subject A — InTRoDveTION To Pusye nor oay | Submitted to Ma'am Stora Gatoor 1 Law College Untverstty — O¢ 1 Peswawar | Scanned with CamScannerMont Tusst Weds Thurs Frid Seth ____ | Question 4 t- — Why emotions Garé impertan n pus life P Explain James ‘and lenge theory and why tt is criticiged ? c— Answer ¢ ay Emotions t- Emotivns are clekined as “a state | a characterizeed hysiological arouse), piystotagtes iL changes in facial eypression, gestures, postures and subjective feelings"! / Sdorow Sayss- "Emotion fs motivated Condition remarked by physiological arocsaly Expressive behaviour, ane Cognitive experience” Categories of Emotions:. Emotions are divided into two categ- I -ories 4) Primary Emotions 2) Secondry Emotions yumary Emotions s- Primary human emotion are the one triggered in response to an event. Scanned with CamScanner+ hear £ Surprise » Sadness + Disgust S Anger Happiness the _seconclary emote apeatened gr feelin anger _depencing on the situations ove ae experiencing + Passion + Optimism 7 + irritation, a Disqust é «Shame « _Nervessness 9 Importance of Emotions In Our Lifer. Emotions can an _fmporfand vole In how you behave» The emotions 7 compel you te take actions and Iréluence the decésions you make about your life both small Anel large Emotien play an important rale in Scanned with CamScannerMon ‘Tues Wed) Thurs Frc} Sat _ @ 2)| Emotions _ When faced exam y you might can Motivate u to ache | ha nerve. wva feel_a lot of anxiet about whether you will perfaem « well and how the test will — you Fined nal Hens help you to avoicl Dani Naturalist Chatles Dare ll the eatliest reseachers +o gctcabitiody Lo was stucly emotions. He believecl that emotions are aclaptations thet allow | both humans and animals to survive nel » fe proclce! Emotions canalse prepee the bocly | ta tate actions. The brain i¢ responsible for friggering emotional that pre responses that prepate _gour body to “cope with things Like fear ancl anger. 3) Emotions can help you make decesions;- The emotions have a major influence ‘on she olecisions one makes , from what one decide to have for breakfast| to which canelidate you choose to vote for 4 potiticeal elections. Scanned with CamScanner(Mont) Twos 1 Wed’) Thurat Frit) Sat) Emotions Hel S When you interact with other peoples | H_ iS important 40. give gone eet wore clues to | help them uneerstand hoi Feeling « or clues night involve expression through boely eae 3 Such as vartous facial _expressions| connected with the _peaticuler emations are Srperiench Emotions allow jou to _tenderstane others3- usd as your Oven emotions pro vicle yo yatuable information to others, the emotional expressions of those arounel you also give a wealth of socicl information. Social communication is an| impor kant part of “your daily te and relaltonships » ancl being able to interp pret and react to the emotrons et others is essentret. 2) Games and lange theory of emobions:- Aecoreling to the theory) oa ttnessing an externe stimulus leacls to a 4 physical response - Your emotHonal reaction depends on how you interpret those physical reactions, | Scanned with CamScannerMont Tues WedC) Thurso Fi SetCh Imagéne € periencin: an emotien such | os fear or angers your fmogineel | version of emotion wale! be a flat Fatcimile of the veal feelings: Crikieism oh James and Lange _theory:- Major criticism of the theory was neither James hor lange based theiv ielees upon anything that yemotety resembled) _eontrotledl egpertmretalior) experiments: Insteael) the theory was Largely the result pt introspechion ancl cocuetion correlational regearch+ Another evitigism was that accoreliny fo James mel Lange physiological responses should be necessary to t expevience emotions. However ) veseave. f chers dliscoverecl_ that even those with musele paralysis amc lack of sensubion were stil able to feel emotion of Joy pteay amd anger. Scanned with CamScannerMoni Tweet) Wed? Thurs) Fic Sat | a i —___Egplein motivation and is ob 06 uestions 2 : | amples | _acording fo : __ type of motivaio herent type achievements Answer: Motivation t- Metvedion is the process that inihiales , wnel_ maintains goal oriented behaviour Gb is what Couses you to act auhether itis getting a glass ‘ot water do recksce terest py reading a book to gain Knowlecle. Explanation s- Motivation involves the _biologicet emokonal y Socied » ane Cognitive forces that ackivedes behaviour + Sn everyday usage the term “motivation” ts frequently usec! to describe why o person does something» St is the driving f force behind human actions. Motivation doesnot Just veters to the factors the! activates behaviours: 9 also fnvotyes the factors that olivect and maintain these gvals - clirected actions sugh Such ly clivectl ect such mobives ove vately clivectly Scanned with CamScannerobservable. fg aresult, tse often have | Yo infer the reason why clo people do things dhat they axe based on observable behaviours ¢ Activations: Aetivations means dhe decéston fo qnitiafe a behaviour +» Such os being a lawyer starting enrotling 4o courts Persistance Persistence fs fhe continued elfort fowarels a geal even though obstacles may’ exists An example’ of persistance eooulel be esorking harcler in oreler to be 4 successtul lawyer although ff requires a Significant amonn} ot time ancl energy. ji Scanned with CamScannerIntensity can be seen in He ; __stralion ancl vigor thet ———|___pursuing a geal: For example, one _stuctent Might eoast without much ce ettort » while other students —__ steely regularity 1 participation in eliscussians and tate advantage oF oe research spportunities outsiele of = . Class. The First stuclent lacks tntensih thile the seconel pursues their eclucation| xl goals with Greater intensity. Tapes of “Movvatta i Different types of motivation are cuently deserbecl as be frey- ing either extingre or intrinsic Extrinsic mot | ——————__ Extrinsic “motivation ore those that arise fron outside of the inelivielual and often Prvelue _rewseacls euch as teaphies y money Social recognition y or praise. Example s- You may enjoy spending your day something other fran work y bat you are molivaked to gato w ert because fen need a patcheck to pay gout billy In this example you ace extringicall 7 3. Scanned with CamScannerMont Tuest Wed Thurs FAG Sat) u tceansne the ability fo aFford gour | motivated by daily expenses: Intringfe_, Motivation #- oe Tntrinsic_mofivafion is when you engare in a behaviour because you Had it rewaseling « You ove perfarming an achuity| for its own Sake rather than from the | 1 desire for some external rewarels The | behaviour Thsell is its own reratel- Example 1- Participating in © sport heawse it's fo win an duwatel- Which type of motrvatron is important for academic achievements: To _my tunderstancling intrinsic wokir zien is important for aceclamic achiev ment because yon are performing I fm emel you enjoy it rather than cloing | an _achvity for its own sake a rather than: for gome external peweid. There is report by Vogel and Adelman in 14990 wep which sepperd pihtrinsic motivation importance in _| acedleomic achievement Scanned with CamScannerMon Tues Wed Thurs Frit Sat 1 _t 1 WE (atebiévie ment ca [ Nogel « and Adelmecn Crago) reported learnin: disabled shuclent fF wwith “Yabringte motivation were ‘able bo — from college | at the same ‘e is regal jute r stuclen fs. We need ta concentrate inbrinsre “‘motivakion and chination tn SCho0IS- Too ofteny edu- cational system depends on exbringic | reinforcement Cqracie) for eontvely yather than self determination. one way’ to utilize inkvingic_motivabion ts help people lo what they enjoy —_—_->-——$——mAmAaAanmnmgeumur | Dl Scanned with CamScanner1 Tur FAL) Sat 7 stion Bie Aecorelin to Payeecly oie theory. how sonility elevelopsr Individual pe _Freudlls [Poyeocty mamic theory. coork on the effects ot eancancious pune ane “childhood ¢ expecrenees o7 on _personads fg. ecoreting to him the humen behav Por fs formed! through an_ interaction) belween three component of the mind + he ID o Ego + Super go 1 Ids the primitive peut of the Mincl that seeks immectiote qracliti| fication. The biological needs are Scanned with CamScannerMont} Tues!> Weds! Thurs) Fit Sat. in or tn learn eel _p thirst 9 SEK etee | eunconeious stant much Froughts fo what (S- _ right ec cmnel eghak is ereng: €go_t Ego Fs 5 the ‘concious ened) logicad part of the mine which is associat with the reality principle. Th This means ge balances the demands tof ane super ego in fhe eon real life siPualions-€go is conscious orid hence Eecps a check on Ile through a proper reasoning of an external enuiron- ment. Super €g01 Super S92 The super ego is releled te the social ame moral values that an jndiviclucl ineulcates as he mubuves i acts as_an ethical constraint on Behaviour mel helps an_incliviclal| fo_clevelop his _consience. As the indiviclue| goows inthe society, he teasns the culhwad values cone the al Scanned with CamScannerMont Tues) Wed Thurs FriD Sai B He _nocms of the society which | helps to olifterentlate between _ The yight avd wrong: sonality clevelopmenF Frued believed that the pevsonalif y clevelopment of cm aclult personality | are in place by te age of five- and vesuts fom the outeome of five PBychosexual stages | In’ each stoye y chilelren must cope | j with clistrnct immature sexeial urges that influence weluld Personality, ] | Libido. i Libiclo isc term usedt by Psycho anal yke theory te clescribe the eneray | Creeced by the survival ome sexual instineks « Aecoretin to Fruedy the ttbicle is part of ld andthe oki ing force ot all behaviours. Peychosexual stages of Personality clevelopmed|. “<_are Five Psycosexual stapes of personality clevetopment Scanned with CamScannerTues! Wed Thurs et 4° Oral Slage — — oa Anal Stage =. 2 ae Phaltic Stage Latenc Stage 7 4 Orol_S4ag¢ af aTime pectod + th to 18 months =a > MErogenous zone is mouth oa > Gratiticatian through sucking amd oad Swalbwing. = — 4 > Oral Fixabion has tio outcomes a eo Oral_veceptive Personality. Pre occupied! with eating emmel Orin eng Recluce fension Aheough ora] Ochi ity eating ydlvin being + Smoking 1 Nails biting: Passue omel neecly , sensative to rejectio Oral repulsive personalitys- Hoskle oma wevboally | abusive to others. 2|| Anat Stage > Time petod 18 months te year age 3) Erogenious gone is anas ~ Contlicts sarronds toiled training. ~) Aned fixation has two octteanes. al Scanned with CamScannerMont Twos) Wel Thurs.) FA) Sat: ___ careless. (ey Anal retentive personatity:. Personality SHogy 7 compulsive order tines slubocn y pectectonist. Cvery sieict toilet hh Anal eypulsrve Personality. _ Versonel cks oF Sel, louse toilety treiming) ing 4e feud parent she ancl te Hime encourage positive outcome ancl control y mesagh Fewels For using tailed | help chilelren feel capable Is ining) and procluchve. 3 || The philic “Sto, 2Time pesoie: 2 to & years | 2 Erogentaus Tones Genitals a > Frucel Suggesteef that during Phaliie Stage The primary Facus of the [tbiclo is on the genitals ~At gris Stage ebilelren also beain to oliscouer the difference behween males ona females Oedipus ¢o mpleys he Dedipus complex elescribes these feelings of wanting 49 possess dhe i mother ancl the desire to replace the father. However the chiles also Scanned with CamScannerMoni Tues Wed) Thurs Frit Sato 16 m Electra Complex y that he will be rAese feelings: the t omptex has been used to described @ sinmlee sef of Electra complex ___ feelings experienced by yound girls fathers « for their 4 | The Latency Stayer a Aye range: & 46 Puberty a 3 Esojenaus one: Sexual feelings are : jnactive: 9 Puning aris stage the super ego | — develops while te [dis energies cre suppressel Cheldern elevelop social sleitls, values and relationship with peers and adults outside the Family. S|| The Genrtal Stage:- 2 Age renge + Puberty to Death 2 Erogenous one: Maturing Sexual interes +) The _onset_of puberty causes the libid J to become achive once again: During the fined stage of Psychosexual develop menf| the inelividual develops astrong sexuap interest in the opposite sex This Stege begins during puberty but last rougheuf the person's fife Scanned with CamScannerMont) Tues Wed0) Thuret Fit Sat things without things without abouk ith | while James obese think about parents | parenlf weak _lanancial condit combort ane even cont} alemands necessory things: Which component of mind working of Jonn ancl James and how they can manage their ebemands by using super ego component of mind? Se Anwer ¢- 7 John Personality. a eta merraae > gehn has a demaneling personality ashe dememels _unnecesscory things» without thiake ing about his parents week Financial eondifiens. Dis personality is mostly _fnftuenced by Id component of the mine/> —sabiettes 2 His ego shelditiey the desires of of ld without footing (eonsicer ing his parents weaks Financials > From these trails we ean understand that he had a very Loose parenting et his: early age: a Scanned with CamScannerWed: ‘Thurs Fri Sat iz His super ege is Suppressed b component of the mindh el [his _super e fel_omd that he could fulfill hig basic not his desires He should think raionaldy vith the help of super ego arc! make Zompromises tuith hig olesires considering the pewents Finenets. Janes Personality D> James's not a clemaneling person as he clontt every demands necessary things + Wis personality is _reostly influence by the _.super Ego components of the mine 2 tis ego satisties the Superego bby_net even clemanding his basic regesserd things Brom his parent Scanned with CamScannerMoni Twos! Wea) The > from thes€ personclety traibs we) gan uneerstand) hak he had 9 very rough ema hewd parenting ab his eatly ages (3H a person who listens te _and 1 obeys ese (eae due to Pes moral vetues ome ee thre noras 7 fo sah his superego 5 He has a “very ry dominant sep er ego Personal! hy. TManajemen? of his _necessory through ane et ej: D Hts mind needs to seopressed his superego a trHle so that he could fulhi his necessories 2 Hes super ege must cope with id ond ego in perder to olemane his basic Tecessory from his parents. Scanned with CamScannerMoni Tues Wed Thurs Fic) Sat? 20 Differentiate between Spearman Wigence _chevles _speayman ) in (404 proposed his theory of intelligence Known as gpearman we factor theory Aecoreiing 40 hin intellectual abilities are comprised of two factors namely 2 The General ability known as G factor ~ Specific abilities known as $ factor fe Characteristics of phe theory + lr following. are some character istics of the theory. © fhe intellectucs performance by the inelivrolual ts determined by the Gfector and $ factor. Scanned with CamScanneront Twesta Wed0) Thurst Fri) Seth «Tae total intelligence of the qndividual fs the cum tote! of the G-factor amd S + facfor wike pertermance of a pailieular dase depends general abilety on the & factor or and particule "St -factor or specific ecbilit. Se / Déttesentiatron between $ factor and oe) efor § oad __E_G- factor characteristics $ - Factoy Chavateristi| a 4t is universal inborn|le gt is learned or ability accyuiredl in the environment ao dt is general mental energy «dt varies from activi fo activity of an fe Ik is constant frdivicleals @ Te amount 9 dilters eficivictuals dif fers = from tncliviclual te inclividull jn the amaunt of ‘5! ability « dt is useclin every achviby ots UFe! gt isnot constant « Greater the "G*in an Praliviclual y greater Is his success in Life Scanned with CamScannerduestion S - | Pack *b! Fluid ome oyshal peed intelligences 1 | Answer : : aoe “Te ability fo percteve relekions hips Todepencent of previous specific practice _ or tnstrecction concerning jose _relaHonshipl This “aspect of inbelltyence iene ele ability to solve problems ancl reason f . ___ about things indepenclent of previously existing knoisledge-lWhen goy encounter an entirely new problem that cannot be golved vith your existing knowtedyey you must rely on Fluid intel gence tosolve Flesicl inleUtgence tend to dletling late adulthood» Certain cognahive skills associated with fluid intelligence tenel to decline as people reach later aelult- -hooel- Exam ples- = Solving puzrles = Problem solving strategies at Scanned with CamScannerMon( Tues) Wed’) Thurs) Frit) Sat 2 Crystalliged Intelligencer ee ERT pal ate Prevalve s knowledge that comes from le ey Situate ome past experience si allipedd reading comphredéion eme vocabulary | accu exams. y planation? Cryskellige cl intelligence results from medated lnowledye , inelucling oF lenowleclge of how to reasory language si __ skills amd _underslncleny fechnol oie] Thrs type oF intelligence. fs lmleect to eclucal¥er yexperence and eubtural backgraune( ancl is measured! by Tests of general information- Crystelliged intelltyence ts basec/ ” fk el rodted a Satan we age and accumulatem@ new know ~tedlge ancl unelerstencling 7 ergstallize intelligence become ghyonger: Example t- Enewing how to reac, plenowing haw fs ride a bike. 5 ‘knowing how to drive aq dat. ss Thank. you ll Scanned with CamScanner