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where he became politically aware. In 1911, he joined Young Bosnia, a secret local
society aiming to free Bosnia from Austrian rule and achieve the unification of the
South Slavs. After attending anti-Austrian demonstrations in Sarajevo, he was
expelled from school and walked to Belgrade, Serbia to continue his education.
During the First Balkan War, Princip traveled to Southern Serbia to volunteer with
the Serbian army's irregular forces fighting against the Ottoman Empire but was
rejected for being too small and weak.

In 1913, following the unexpected success of the Serbians in the war against the
Ottomans, the Austrian military governor of Bosnia, Oskar Potiorek, declared a
state of emergency, dissolved the parliament, imposed martial rule and banned all
Serbian public, cultural, and educational societies. Inspired by a spate of
assassination attempts against Imperial officials by Slavic nationalists and
anarchists, Princip convinced two other young Bosnians to join a plot to
assassinate the heir to the Habsburg Empire during his announced visit to Sarajevo.
The Black Hand, a Serbian secret society with ties to Serbian military
intelligence, provided the conspirators with weapons and training before
facilitating their re-entry into Bosnia.

On Sunday 28 June 1914 during the royal couple's visit to Sarajevo, the then-
teenager Princip mortally wounded both Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie by
firing a pistol into their convertible car that had unexpectedly stopped 5 feet
(1.5 m) from him. Princip was arrested immediately and tried alongside twenty-four
others, all Bosnians and thus Austro-Hungarian subjects. At his trial, Princip
stated: "I am a Yugoslav nationalist, aiming for the unification of all Yugoslavs,
and I do not care what form of state, but it must be free from Austria." Princip
was spared the death penalty because of his age (19) and sentenced to twenty years
in prison. He was imprisoned at the Terezín fortress. The Serbian government itself
did not inspire the assassination but the Austrian Foreign Office and Army used the
murders as a reason for a preventive war which led directly to World War I.

Princip died on 28 April 1918 from tuberculosis exacerbated by poor prison

conditions which had already caused one of his arms to be amputated.

Early life[edit]
Gavrilo Princip was born in the remote hamlet of Obljaj, near Bosansko Grahovo, on
25 July [O.S. 13 July] 1894. He was the second of his parents' nine children, six
of whom died in infancy. Princip's mother Marija wanted to name him after her late
brother, Špiro, but he was named Gavrilo at the insistence of a local Eastern
Orthodox priest, who claimed that naming the sickly infant after the Archangel
Gabriel would help him survive.[1]

Gavrilo Princip's parents, Marija and Petar Princip c. 1927

Princip family home in Obljaj

A Serb family, the Princips had lived in northwestern Bosnia for many centuries.[2]
His ancestors came from Grahovo, Nikšić in Montenegro, emigrating in the early
1700s, they were members of the Jovičević clan[3] and adhered to the Serbian
Orthodox Christian faith.[4] Princip's parents, Petar and Marija (née Mićić), were
poor farmers who lived off the little land that they owned.[5] They belonged to a
class of Christian peasants known as kmetovi (serfs), who were often oppressed by
their Muslim landlords.[6] Petar, who insisted on "strict correctness", never drank
or swore and was ridiculed by his neighbours as a result.[5] In his youth, he
fought in the Herzegovina Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.[7] Following the
revolt, he returned to being a farmer in the Grahovo valley, where he worked
approximately 4 acres (1.6 ha; 0.0063 sq mi) of land and was forced to give a third
of his income to his landlord. In order to supplement his income and feed his
family, he resorted to transporting mail and passengers across the mountains
between northwestern Bosnia and Dalmatia.[8]

Despite his father's initial opposition, as he needed a shepherd to guard his

sheep, Princip began attending primary school in 1903, aged nine. He overcame a
difficult first year and became very successful in his studies, for which he was
awarded a collection of Serbian epic poetry by his headmaster.[7] At the age of 13,
Princip moved to Sarajevo, where his elder brother Jovan intended to enroll him at
Sarajevo's Austro-Hungarian Military Academy.[7] However, by the time Princip
reached Sarajevo, Jovan had changed his mind after a shopkeeper advised him not to
make his younger brother "an executioner of his own people". Princip was enrolled
into the Merchants’ School instead.[9] Jovan paid for his tuition with the money he
earned performing manual labour, carrying logs from the forests surrounding
Sarajevo to mills within the city.[10] After three years of study, Gavrilo
transferred to the Sarajevo Gymnasium.[9]