21 Global Positioning Satellite Systems, [GPSDeveiopment evga way oe rao sal arian fm a atlie Syceto provide secure poston vaso navgnton een {eid onto US Nays shige nd sbmarnen By the ma 8, ‘ey murat leks nar that eld ve fining sgl of {ht eatin in apse whieh woul surely deter the pa Lionafe ve morng nla rite tn 7 he Nay and Ihe AlrFoepraramscumbne for the Navagation Teo ‘Pega, whch ltr ead int he Nantar Gal Posting ‘Sham (PS) in operat lay. [Navstr GPS became the wot premir postion avin ‘ndtiming iteration rvs, Co ann ound tha ie ly Faced e882 lon 208 and eapctd rs oo es ‘ae pian ‘Fi The Teshnical Structure “Te lta Penning atl Systems ar ued a mane of cvgnon ir shia aon tnd a sareng ad many hat onan The minature Cabal Pstoning att Systane (OPS)1. The GPS ac sagen con of 2 ag ttn in ‘nein sh 00) ats nominal ated 20.20 kn with ‘ll 0h po sri ed in 2 Thcatlitesae catered in rp fo alld ntl ‘on with ach rian sparsely inne 2. Tora prods appeninatly one a siderel ay (It ars nate thereat pea inte sane oan Ines ns ech da. 4. The alts cary ato ing fe and ae mints ‘nerd ry na tn ping uncover ork Ne oO rate The et ofthe 24 GPS aalites nme tat a any ine, sy th wr» ODS eer ope sgl rants Upto 0 aaitar may been ies, ‘hd more hn lr stati ar wa eat allt he i. Srv» drct adnate the pvt yun ef GPS renner ‘hype corey of Dm ‘Alp nur o OPS riers operat siultaneasly tet altat GPS resis hada aston ‘Sond four OPS stan Other poston latin apts sch se LORAN dan range agin that sna ne prove dre endo oparinn,btae fetes ad ry 5 provides he fllowing: ‘tour, weld sevie, Hide trusts Ue ienson! lection ifrmaton (Groves lng eu ated readings + Hemel aocarate elt maton LDscietiier sevice 1 Rfid a i tht aly converted to any el a ‘ASRMDRS Tun tad mmber of wri re 1 GSeitan ner upprt at sgh oe scart vel ‘SeGPS receivers tose tac the navigatinn signal all the ‘ihe nester snl salons opr the Oporto Sade i ih od apne aon a tn Oa ‘eeu salir sacar taaety data “he sgnal ar so carte hat tine ca be gare town 1onpanacen cyan be ered idan ona kn random canbe gure win meter ‘ints aio ow rat ond eget ‘Te fandamental nent of PS suse sinatannu distance seaurements fos orsnteitert camp hepto a ime ‘any err on aor he Ears ura The GPS nates ‘endef requnces po that sophia ‘terse cn onrou br dsertion nea detatheimenber, ‘ijere he stnsapre ver andrd mor sbve he art 1 {aia betwen and 8 miliwonds ro gat wae ‘Sreeaecrta tat tie onto wedi meh than abot tend cy eam Gre iin icin on po feud oan an ue nao mis Tp roto dh md 900s parry dered ig we previ fercan wor ining thei arrey 10610 ters Tht ‘resthen cid webcam bio ht an and omer “lasers bad many omimagine seer rece eto sh ing ‘sfrmation wal ‘ach ik Ho A ati ba wo a tami dks and ronan tml when Bek hasta run ‘Sonic cl he stay of hse cia etmatd lo be. ‘rata {sd pr 00 yer Oly ne eck in we ‘Ed atlite ta ine Tw ther orb ‘The GPS words stlite network cnr of i onto tation rgd antenna sana Te mmr tans oe ‘pesaly.dagned GPS receiver pave track the ag ‘Monte lle he sate Data om the moor sans ‘Setnuly wot tothe GPS ter Cane! Stason IS) forecon Tho MCS cnputes ress, updatdinfrmation on he Se kt occ sat oer 18 minutes 24 boars ay, ‘Seen dae eect Uplate naan intranet ro he SCS antennas nen ote satan These sete nw ance arto per ay fo each tit, Tinie ‘Eton igh ncrey the GPS consti “OPS attest ono inks ower Ll and. Le ‘ranula quan of T6164 Mand caves bth 0 (EettiAmuiidon Ca tpg ene ad a ree PO ening fo Lt temas eqn f 12278 Ms and cri ‘phe Mvvete Ory te Roden was rgalyavalate {othr eer itary sr ses both the CA coe on ‘clan or may partace ane ‘cee ci siglo al oer wore No ube ‘Sons o rata mie "the tre of pas for GPS ded econ power and ccuray a ell oeend dl naigton ety with ain SHEET futon the Link and em tay sa on eniok La te brenden at 1764 6 A ow mir nly eM) nthe Lund Ll lly operational in SATO el hove rns power tod reduce vlberably eal janing BAZ Applications oF GPS 4.TiNg Te mito to lngitids, ltd and alte, the Gaba ootnsng Sys PS) pie era arth dimension ine. ech SPS ecto unas mols toc that contribute ‘erp reso ne data to the GPS signi: GPS recive ec TicePapnata etl synrnting ech rete th lie See." erste determine the tino to within 100 ‘nun oe ney i eco of owning and operating ‘omic Pra tine eral vary wneud te Wasa! Commusiton nutans, eel power grid, and anal tort ally reson tin fr eaehonialion ‘Sepepteatona fen. Th fie avait of GPS tne has [EET soringorcompaio ta depend en preci ine od ied een deen in capa or, example wir lopbone and data ntwor we GPS tinsto herpetic sates prot sechrenttion.Tis ‘ito me banat ochre ed rai pcr meee ‘ety, Salary gal rote aie nevis OPS tine o ‘trast te femal oie cations ari st receiver in ‘step Thana Untonre fo Cone Between sats wth 8 ‘mime dy Compania wilde ae GPS tine stag busines rane sis poring seni and curate ay maintain rors dense rove. Major tvesnent banks we GPS 0 ‘Jaci ir oetrrk Sampo cated arutd Go worl Tare snd rol nna ae fring ional eters that ‘an wack, updetey a otnge mull rautons made Dy 0 bl nciwoe of somern aed thee require acer tiing ‘Sirmaton wala throch GPS. {GPS canbe vad to synhrniae reporting of haar weer ro it Terminal ple Went das tetanus aati hat ei pci {court precacly measur coon enrol saree {Getcan guaran acuracy at ser pins GPS-se ining (Prk expen wef ay oplatn nich prc ning [Greil devin tat arden ove wie engrapic areas Fe ual inertia of GPS tne ns monitoring mt ‘rrktt ssbl rarer to qui ate the pnts of Tntbquakorand ther suomi erent ‘wor companies wie have ondamenta euiements for tine ad equcy enable ofient pover tania td ‘Snr opatadpover cts ive demonstrate pe ‘ompanerhetal a mpreed ine wechronaton throughout {he power ei Ania othe late hae led wan com ne place QPS-ased one nocrentaation erie in power Fiumtsendsuetatin By walygthe preening anc _Eancmaly anit ropagser treo graengacercntrace bck the enol ean of owen brea. Sane wars, sacha national abort, requ the tine at higher vl ot precnnn thnn GPS prove. Tew wes routinely (eetiesaalen erwin Soutien bat rom {En af hgh precio ine oer lng stance By sialtaneruly ‘eciving the sume GPS signal intro phos and compen th ‘Sale tenance a one ation can be emanatedton view niga oeompare thi ine sas wed estas ‘Gonndinated Univeral Tie TOT wethe same tacniqu ts ‘New apiations of GP timing tecnolgy appar everyday. otlywoad ste ara ieorpertng GPS tthe movi ln, lowing for unpre trl f liad video data, well os ‘makina ten it plato ie As GPS tamer modern, rth befits The uit ofthe son sod thn enn GPS signals wil acoas ‘he acarey end relly of PS Une ch remain eso ‘uae to th ee werd. + Wire alata ane eck ine, witht the + Prec soehonition of commniations apenas power (intl weber, and oer ial artrctare + ly tis dr pr by wird ‘improved sewerk manageneat and optimization, making {tua time apy perfil easacions and iE ne + Communication of high-presigsn time ‘har nag commen ew tiga 2 ROADS & HIGHWAYS It estimated that aap or congertion on highra rts, snd 'trant sytem though te mer rn i preity ete nthe hundreds ftalons of ona analy. Other native tiles of congestion inode property danas, personal inure, {Sereda and ein eosin. "Th avila ad ascurny of Gla Positioning Systm. (QPS) afer neon ticeven and say for voice ing ‘Sgtway sued nas rut eatna Many of he poles ‘cis withthe ruts sepa of eamerial vb ‘Siena edsod or listed wih thehelp ef GFS Theale {Mueforthemanaginent of mace systema rand maintenance ‘own and emergency vehi, ‘GPS ena antamatis vic cation and inhi navn ‘lon yaa tha ar dey od ought the wer ton. By ‘oun. rose saree ssteus o ombining GS positon achnaogy wih yrs tat can play fe irmation or with eters that en matically ‘A eographie information system (GS) stare analyse, apt spay eecerpbclly eee norton Provide i age arty OPS TolayCiSis ad to montor vec oto mang bie efttve strategies that can hep tat while o8 ‘Ehtal and infor pamengr ef precise sel ine Mas ran ‘Sttyeteme une thn coped ttc eal bo, ndlber secs {ainyeore on tina pronase, ‘Many new capabilities are made pose withthe help GES. Instant car pons ae faible since peopl desing wie ean De teary mad witha veto tmn enya ‘ing GPS tnchloy lp rick and ore the movers ‘tight bar made opi revluon ncaing a ppiaon how atime dfn dlvery tained diver trveing ‘eupunes te OPS teking to punts Glver and nook ‘Seine promise, whether ever short dtanens er nose te ‘runagate ose foe an lr settee dinate. Matyas ute GPS to Bep wre ther end an highway cori, rentfng telco etary hse ace 1 the road network These ince servic stations, altace ‘Shdemerpency orcs td opis entry andes ramp ama {othe road seam, ce. The intron pres as an nt to to ‘Gis data guorag ronan Th database of mnolaige helps ‘censor spn lorece mentees andere cst ‘sha the ay of ies using te nde search inundray to provide warsingatediverof enti cre stan eh tae wt rae Adal ‘sarc eben onduted a oenmine the pte inal [Sci cone! when thee i earned fraction, sch a he [ecdplayment af air bape. The poison infrmation povided by {GPS en nora part ofthe eeach ‘BENEFITS: + Nghe lvl of sfty and moby fr al src tanaprt-+ ei ton triton ore ae p + Mere eacie monitoring ewureahadle bern, erent neds + Beiter ation infrmatin with ecole mage to provide [seid eipaon sytem for bth commer and pate + Tcrnsedofcincie and edd cts in urveying oud SPACE ‘arth Orbit: The Global Positioning System (GPS) it tng a etal thy ats per {techn and canola covmnencatin satlite conatelstins 0 ‘tioning th arth fom pace Benes ang GPS nce: Trt tm adc cow wih ming pac: ‘oad OPS wie + ute lutine-epaing high est on-board aide sone ‘tvs lneot sli GFSenteana end pei lg «Timing lone eplaig expensive paca ata clcks bless pc te GES ser » Conus ol perigee peacoat to (Getter Salanenntlarg urs opus ‘Stcktstdsemenestons alice + Penn ing ci ale oats th + Vil pate perigee ering {aneuvers such a intorerometey + han bi achng ele amen ring ar ith gh pre lowe FS un or eng iy and elms terminaton ‘The Moon, Mars and Beyond: Tae US. ion or epce cxolratin, ting npemented oy the Natisoal Aceon eh ‘Sc mln NASA) inde dovlping esate ce ‘log, Kae nd ntact retrain toe Moen hd poping the ay fer fatre man saison Yo Ma ed yond Tbe van wil tmlata new roenehtnt wil erly ‘ne the ol frenrin navigation. Drawing ante exeren ‘ith OPS, one cud imapne rating & OPS eta ost tes around th Mobs an tr, A Lnaro Marta tok Protide an integra atamunatons snd avai aire: {rea apr exploration and cenen sons thn ana ot Son tertcct he Mon abd ars ‘NASA. al stadyng the ity of lacing GP ie beacoson lites dened forte Sun Barth Lagrasan pte: Goseie ‘erence pout ould ead far eon ep ‘efatreepleraton te Salar yee ‘Thefgue2 dpc Martian commoninin ad oaviaton sens foo satelite i aratatanary ot ult of pe. ‘Stoary ee Mar). NEP ‘Providing high precios porting with minimus ground + Replacing high ot ond hgh mass, board sear, ‘AVIATION ‘Avan thoughout the ward wi he Gb Peon Sy tem (GPS) to icra the sy ene fight: Wah te ‘tout, eomtincam and ae epbins, GOS ory vals {atalienaignon servis that ati many ofthe reqerements fir aviation ore, Spacsbase pan and vgn eas {Greedimensonal peiton Setarnaton for all pase git {fom dpature enroute an ars tripe ures nevigtion, rae for GES. Area Noviptnallowt aero fy sue peered ‘euler waypoint o way where waits dora pend ground lnrasrsture Procedures have ben exon ae {GPS and augment servos rll phases of ight Thus ha een ‘special tes aote ht lack ale pound bed mevignon ‘Stvorsurvelinc ait ‘New and re efit strats made posible hy QPS are ‘eotnaig to epand, Vet evings i ine Sa money Ae ngean. nay case sa ying ve dates ens th ‘rotten bus eto cay ede tr seri btwexn BON lowing re seal oy ne frac a trot svg ime el nd een care een ESSE fcr rng eres condone nthe cn v08 ‘renter pres opera ar pose "The god nee forthe aviation aman is tht GPS bing ‘tod modern A main component ofthe ‘Gta hese new sgn flor geeral we nasty rial se a Theseondnce sgl wilteiatermatinally prc EP Snen nevigntnal purpre Thietmar ole fattsipnlilnae San ovnmorerbur aviation erie ‘toons etn spats Ft i care SF eee SSNS St sna tre femael ntrment apponch ‘ost hugh the mol by making he woe od ty tia pha Dual regency mane chat errs tat SSS tate det dtarbanen ate tooo as be ‘Sunt een theagh tbe stare te fe ial ‘FEbwilimprovetheovraleotnobortes inde cary ty and icity nd wl alow pati wil rn ground nasroctreavestnen. lane on GPS she fondant nd tonto it tn neni prt of many national pla ‘Eute ateauheric at are moving fra with GPS bare Tre a6 isuated edtons eh tine, wero. ad ‘Peru space raed erin proves GPS Serwtess on neti cnapennt for many wher aviation ann ch the Enno Grood Proxy Waring Sate ‘PU cbr revenue a eductgtbe ink fCanl- (EE rnehint even mae coe ofmany Sea cides + Cetnaoa, rable nd aearatepsioing nfarmation for phase o Tight gab bani, eely eval tal Salo, ene and felt ruts fo pac sri provers and arcs nr + Pret acomaning and eduction of expen ground sed navigation fc ptm neve + Ingen afety fr mares movement operations mae ps "icy seat! serene + Reduced ial alae oconedcapaiy made pote tha ede separation meme ad meat it ie tnagensenprticlan) daring iawn weber + Inns lt aie capabin sche EGPWS, S AGRICULTURE he devlopmet and implnctatin of precsonagricltore or atespcae arming hs ten made pone coming the ‘iba Hastaoing Spa (PS) and gographictnermatin e ‘ees, The ecole enable coupling ore ie data ‘Seton mith rua putin nore atng tbe dient ‘Buniplaton and enlarge amounts elena daa. CPS ict steno in presets frming te st wed or fre Pinning ld maprng ol sampling, acter guitnce, op et {he varable rte spliaton, and ald tapping CFS allows fate to wr during low vit Gold xin ouch Yn, fist fg, td dre ns he ps twas iil fr farmers oer proton uchagos and op yl with and vara Ts ied ‘ited tha mont effete sailplanes {hat cull tave eahaneed thr prductina Ten. mer poe ‘yon of tiie, coe {il tthe dupersion those hemi are pnb teh [rin aplr, Une reducing enpean,oedcing «her $l andretinge more einen nly farm {hoe Precio ogritar pining poplar agothe intact of high technology tn atthe arialral ‘nmunty that ne mare necarat ct fei, nd nr enly any hen apovatons rl on th integration fob Corpor, daa nlecion snus, a GPS Ge and poiton Many aire hatte benef pro grtre an oly ‘rence wih infirmatin tcl Such et theese. There Erinerpnsiveapd ean tare matin techs hat cane ‘ively foray al fer Tagh te ase of GF GS, ‘ers being infenlin meded fringing ah ad water Sor can be ead. Farmers san nieve aden ents by iminig bello tlnaton of foie lb sen ‘son dtcmining the eon thread treating pat ta ‘ed iat, nd prtocing the nara earn rire ‘GPS equipment manufrs ave dread several tae aly farmarsend urine brane mere prof i el ‘Sethi precn farming ates Today, many farmers {GPS ied pod tenance pestis ta arming bs ‘ance Latin informa nected by GDS esr or map ing ld andar od ration n,n rol ans {cop much ae woods or dime, Tom erry 6 Gallon farmer to reat fm mapa with preci scenge fr Bld arene {der td dntanes bowen ts of ites OS alos ‘honaretoacurtaly nuit taypeilneatonsn th el or ‘tery, ocala vl ump monitor cp cond (Chop avis ue gue data elton devine with GPS fr secur ining te mappa tt ed Wed neato a {Sofa et peiem rat tn copecenbe pinged sd ped fer fst masagemen doco tad input rxomrendatins Toe me Geld dat cn be to und hy aera oer, enabling + Proson sll sampling, data colton and data aia ‘offenders fhm apteoneand planting ‘int ou spec areas ft Bl «Amuse Bld navigtion nimi redundant eppetions ‘2p aran and naar nasi pron sreage ‘Se chrtat pase ime «+ Aly te mor th ow vty ld canons ech ‘aan fo ad dake teens preci + Recrtly mitre yield data nahi tare ieee aid preparation + Rigi ne obama “og ere oy ‘Sc mARINE he na Fstning Srey hang ew Texan and se: GF pre th aes nd mot erate ined frmarnere wate, enue st, and eerie ihn. Tis eon ecard el of ty a eon ‘overs workwae ‘tol asurtptn nema bocmasren marcel {he eel dopa om or aries in port ene fie and er ‘Pricey hatad mabe maneuvering ore difeaand thera ot Mariner and oeengrahrt are increasing rng GPS dala forsee svn buy aces el avian haan Icstn sd spn Camera fet can we GS oars te opium flog ate, tak fab agra ad eure ‘opanse i ealtonsovereat ogaisations rou the word are rerking tpt deep prormance standard fr Becton ‘ert Dla seinen Sys, whch woe GPS andor GTS or otonoginrmain Tose sytem ee revolt {tearing nnrigti ad ar lending othe replacement per ‘sto char With DGPS, pot and Yd inoration ce ‘sungrat and played on an slectrns hart frm th i thelneeated Bg: eta hichirbing talon omer ‘elon all pe “GPS i saying an ncresingy important rae nthe manage met of urine pot clin, GPS techy, lod th ‘Ropapicininmnten yen i) tte ‘rr lage port ies CPS atats the atomation the Ctr and planet pra of containers by ecing {hom en prt ctry est Si line of etn chips Saas ein uy GF ly ead ‘eratan ote os (GPS ifr e wba within tae brown a he ‘tomatoe Sete) rasan, The AI, wich ‘soto the ntratna Mare Ornate ‘snl ae ont rood ny tna: Tis eve it ely Ese fiend my cermin Tormey and sce fr vel ring he AIS RAL alot in many parts ofthe weld nth lb Paton sng Stars (GPS) a ssbnatin with sus mao oars {ia eftivenes Tare aches pio rede nee {say eperating ote and danger ems ie nrg step cst nde tte gel {ete tice operation of ral os ete qe ‘Stntaranee sty oie, and wee que asin high loves fsa, improving the liency ef rll prations sd epanding seta apa areal ey ajc a {tay aon fate. Unie mt se mea anor on, there ee ctty Sn miunaging ra tea: ow all soto omprin long stesso gst tras ‘Faine bound or hounds of dectinndone mst silane ‘hare Ue wether ‘Pree knowledge of ware rin eed enti oven ailsns, mastan sooth tw of aad mnie ‘lal dle deo ing odorant ecko Oy heel ‘tha ero scare ning dane opting eps nd ‘rary ee nd elation on sorts a {aml racks allow rl sabre to gue tetra ay {rh is tert ea forsale reasons ‘ow he pion and prtoranncof tse ans aly ‘hd ystems (GP alo contribs to depend shedling though train ‘uation svareosn,sabaning snmectvy wi thr oder af {canoer chs i station iret rors ‘Ancabancament th base GPS gal now Diferatia {QPSIDGPS}improes ture andy its covere eas ‘Theonhanet prin ntarman enable he duper oder: Ineo whch te pralel eks rains ened. Wheneoopd {Tt terete tad navigation devas tzu for tine ‘al bind hil, ad ter setts, DGPS ean provide ‘SER stent pty ra ieirene GS ean esti lnet ofthe Posie Tri ‘contr Pre nepeigeepe nan prt tbword hi toncept invite viding pete rand pation Infermantion to Spier sonmand sol ta systems to produce the beet ‘erating anoint vari peat rowing te, ‘Mid moving mntenaes crews ne sod of ace ‘APC pen ck tenon i pe ors mae scart than was preva poi pain tn wee ‘Sereatin tea anaganest perenne no tan thn slr ‘goats sin of maby at ncranary. By poviing beter ‘Png twin esto ned apd, FIC ieee operat ‘itn, alle gr rc ef enanen em ene ‘Stent nite eattnaafrcarremet or pron ‘working te eck Dieta GPS ca li id in surveying ond maping rah tur fr msec sd fate syn nmi BY wn Basso sam prey lt mop sg as eich ints ridges ton cog signal gupmet, ee GPS eat Ste he ig et sy en prin er + Trend tut aware fr improve ety fain ‘ENVIRONMENT yuna the Harts eoveaent while blaning buen ede urs beter decon malin wit mere poate fr, ‘le Cather scart snd inc lfrmaton as benno ef the pretest chelsge cig bth goverment ad priate tunftng a mot maketh eons Ts Col Fstning ‘Sen (GPS) po erst ee. Dat ellen evens roviedason har with erp. tiv ron daca ona data abt ens hat re ‘end scee many Kiser af eran By enmating pon ‘Memon ih othar pest, peo a many erent bos fn pri, ea ‘std hugh GPS con be mpd inte gree nmin ‘ota etwas elvis pete nao with tte imo staf erent wdertanting os Suter aatos tan might psc Seager ‘evil sai ve othe we ot impenetrable es recone wht of PS tes erate 28 Teil dma tars yan (rts and sain straigy planting. “ ‘Senate a ne mapig informant manage Ain pany pp ch eS oat ting Seca Sines efron sal tha amagee esantborr “OS ihn superset own a oct usprnthecrsvnt By tgting PS meetemnt nts ‘Serta enous nel yogic tmoperer eer {Sota te dtrmned, improve reef weber ‘res Tse person oO til kn es ‘2 tarorenet iting tween of str {esto oe GPs mura prs er oper directly absorve the effect af ora ties. me sored of op lepine ws GPS map pat ot arene cates crv hog cere ‘ie mipserypatirnof endngrd soy sch the sein wari eae od apd ang ‘mente suring tat he lp te, Wih te ‘Tid se of ang in the wor tay thse ng ne ose,crane compleenti wih GS pckages ‘v's ums fr Smetana fever Boones pliers and tend a ‘Bien GOS at ecient + GPS data ce be glk anayed witout du pelininary ‘ror ll at aneptin now ie oa, + here aking of nvoetluntrs oud os et nd icant cdc ore seat + repetition GPS en amt etna ai HettaneadTGn eigend marae "UBLIG SAFETY & DISASTER RELIEF Aantal eject ony stl rece paratin ine amin he fue aon of nmr a, bang ‘Se and sven ve Ts formaton eat eater ee mand ple ry pram in rerio prot if and ee Property, eal Fsioning Sytem (GPS) serves a 8 citing echo isdn he needs “GPS ae pla wil alain ee vt for el sar sucha the nue sr he ada cn regia 2005, are Katine Me ont waked haves te Gall of ‘Merion 05nd Pista Ident 2006 Search ‘hd rca ame ued GS, pera nration yen (GS), {3 Ste meing hogy crete map of dasa areas fiero and wl pram wellas to ace damage ‘Anoterinportant ern inter re a he manages fis contain td manage fetes, sera cman Prod y GTS wetatn chy w in bade op slowly {Sein nn a crc inn tr para Matus resp fr arn tricking and Dod predic. ti als yoo OPS They ca nses ator rap sores by {ageing veins o GPS data vag he atapere. ‘GPa toe an tag parte moderemerenc pose ir hog tne to od sce ‘sth nteratina inse psining standard wb ‘morgncy an wer sprelty eee set GPS han een ‘naps ann ep fru nein operation of halt ‘Shergeecyrespnae tame The ay to feel hd Stow ct pl, ern, td nial eso ecco thr lca relates to an entre newer ‘eoneprtation stoma graphic aren has eatin hale ow yo tg esos, Ltn drat ried by GP ‘Sietttnton ese ay dpa Incorporate of GIS a te pone an emerge bation ‘natoonytane enabler aca kperen then ccnpnts are ‘abet do “The mernston OPS wil uber ate aster rk snd pe sty mcs To ton pew egal wl ‘Scone rr he el net SS “iano oa tpt ete+ Deter dnt re aren ta mor nly and aca ‘ner, ang te od rrr rca nrc + roi pti inna or api of iat ein ‘ere lillsormo meppiag tira eteale + Eanes ind pein sod airing in + Prove yest ration aout nian with wail itn tnd in lee eae emergency. TOSURVEYING & MAPPING ‘enna ee nd expends toaghout the werd the ereying ned suing com stay reefing le ‘nue coat padi and obi gh out at reine a aiaemay a it Eero one Seeman tetvearenaa Seg leat eartneeoactonromoae Peeper eter Sen ae a meas on teeter metecatce ne oe teense eae Smee Soe eae opiate gate enna ne eeeewaneae sini cearepeiee ete ere Econ as comcaieeaieteccme nes Zee Bees eee eee Geen ees ihaieeyataeuname saa Sai lato train an ent te cnc an redtvy provid by th atning capa ef CPS Unite ches, GPS saving ot bound by constrain such a ne 9h vay beat eee ‘Sera Alo, te wpe irtvenn Man ane nese Te ‘Settles eet ‘preva ogare, on ae erat GPS ests may cari by oe peso in whack sack os aft ston foe sy ch {Erin mile to prmi pd sad som al at eton Wi GP8 redo onmuntaton in eatune, cna ee Ueto aearcy snk pone prducy ll tt ‘alanis pal vey intra With tho moderato f GPS event enhancement are inthe wor Insane erent OPS Sram srie the ‘ait State commit plementing to iin cian ‘gn, To ex pls Wil example, pie «em fo ‘Srotngerarcot th enn natn gti inguentty. Thenew guise spon rare and (wera ingot ats lee + Gio dco make iy nv itnnews + Kaleigh set urveying eal in eine atthe + Allons surveyors to work upiuarrptd a prods of poe ‘Nether enatens redundant RECREATION ‘Th Cabal Pontning Seam (GPS) ha limita many of he hatarde asdaiod wih comin rerenoal aies by roving acai to dternines pecs eatin. GPS overt Eve ls Bonded te sop and enon af utbor actsby simpiig may ofthe radon poems sch ae etayng on "hereto tring to thebea ahing utd exertion carve wiht many nie dangers one teh os ingrowth ental fr pling et in ham aror ameter kes eye and ean aes ‘ere re erento OPS aan edit pe ups oanpuen rida Paper map arsenate, ud Suet andar my tp hr en ‘lien, dodo so rere weather onions may ncn {hue tolmpreoe agonal ‘GPS tung oped with larni mapping has Blged to vere mach a th teal hardships taco wih un Sundd plore GPS hands low tars to sf traverse ‘rth ane yet ae a ‘entries ord nd tart waypoint Somers ‘chermen pial we GPS has wenn inal ay ‘ord eat, ening ating pd tance og tier fn cart plating fection en ne mp veturang fo 2 (eat wre he ieee "An advantage in uwer GPS river cpa trans {ett no noper. Ono thst Gorn ‘tases bed inane oP fr mount ‘Shing nthe ieee magi ln maring teaver ‘oe ilowing othr ie try oo eral ‘alr ie GPS measure pei distances within the oar nd inpeve hire, Ola ppt sing wel ‘rerun into ad bat (GPS tcl ha generated ently now sports and etdor ectitngh empl eo pacing set wala ‘Simurledaysong anda earre ht into oe Another ne pi wig anemia died PS "Gs moleraaton ert, dg tenance mar srioat sypeatons than rection have proved et nd inet ‘teh tothe ee Varios GPS gratin nate Da were ‘evlpo intra unre comme nd raaprtaton ae ‘ola willy ead your enhss or recrestional po Sau Merit pan fer GPS wil seul In ven pent elattyand vali foraluor uch ar under adem Ore ever, jt the srr BENET + Hiya eh ete pinging ayehuceta tbe ergs nes THR SE area + Abi run tere hing st, ts compar o ‘Reece ener lyr dpe aig + Now an treguld syn te eapabiiin {GPS re davaopd everyday oy er ean sd ‘Sed wih ar” ” ‘+ Heli smal portale, andere hands can bet {eemulie per af rents mien 213 Finding the Posliion of GPS Receive “The Trlateraton Method ‘One hemp td mae trate math aang ‘son puto the rtretion mata In hi math. tance heunwen pout fo hese plier, ‘Telnnectin afte ar eorepending ote data deat {ie unksewn pnt atv othe Laos pss res es. firemen vedo a hres enntns ape eae, ‘stp, nd leatn tbe rescier, Inthe GPS wrens, te trtoration method i veda te a Gar ese Here th datance etre 0 rameiir nad @ ‘eet estate hy mensring eine ak ln oF ‘ng travel tan there. 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Aer the stan of GPS esr thee ait has en cr ie ee ow tn non of ch ‘tee Tn ‘he GPSeeter wing Unephompere {ortho mate rts atte broadest by each tlie in evgnon eee {As the ime a which th rama eqn a started ikaome she recnvr the pation esate a that ne ‘ecaslated omit rita data Apart rom he thre stale, orth ntti ala wad Secunia in he eerie inerenty era nag ‘Toefurth dance measurement pois inrmato fom whch {hoes ate recive nate creed od the eosver los ‘yard te GP Ge with an ssurcy beer hn 100 nen San 21.4 Frequencies Used by GPS satolios ‘OPS alte dana tgs at ilret requ, (0 Te sgn mulated with 1021 Mp paeud-andon (Py)itmeguene alla the code Tes sed yaar pn Itespeoms, Te Peas trunaitadin a nerpted em ka ‘ike Fedo whch race he wees the Poet athe Td) Te Li rguency cree malate by L028 Migs FN aque cle ths Gr Auton (014 coe tate rae {erp anno crrs the Pade a quadrature module ‘Siete ipler bic rts ofthe Peds provi beter measurement ‘ecurny then the 05 Mbp Ca cde 21.5 Typos of GPS Sorvi “hoe GPS eat provid tn pose evens {LPreciapoutoningservee (PPS: lr therecsives rack th Pofoad code ost and 2 gunn The PPS wd ‘nny play snes, sace the P code encrypted nt the ¥ oleate raion sod eqs eeyptineqipent a he TH Standard positioning arvie (SPSI Hare the vers trac te Gd coe nL Ts the merino ed Ye {nwa pie Poe AY) and UA code rau by each stale gals wich scopy the ihn undte Pease arpabiey 2181675 State Clocks ‘Eek stat bo an stm ok, which i eaiete ‘int tine standard CPanel ations around te wor ‘Tle incaled GPS tin tine standard tele very hg ua. he rary fan tami dnt pel Yaeee rt ‘ac tk emp he fendanetelrevnane of ious scene ates = sect panne oeeeteeecns wee en soya marie me sizing aatcrarapo Reem suite at Se rsa me ssa eee ates adit etn eet pase aoe ceca scree 8 Schama cera Sa temeemeeieaeee ree aon ieee aeemiaoare aon ‘Shc taitscewncarenncrtcs Sarasa ae eget ave ees sei {rtndeto defn te lection ofthe ecver nthe thre wnknm Semen a veneer Secu earn pe imi aecies ar 21,7 Calculation of Postion Location in GPS Systems fn pton lation Set be enraaen ot GPS ever sd the GPS ptlites ee dined in a recangalar corte ‘tem wt oi at th ee othe srt, Tis eld the lr contre arth ied (ECR) nrc ie "The BCEPcorinteptom is art fhe WOS 8 decigtion tp orth, WOOO otrasnly agreed desertion the ‘sath ape and parameters, deve frm auction in many kOe oP ecient the WS-parametar cael theorbite the GF sata wi he acura required prec ene treme the range nat, Rig 21.2 bonne gmetey fe OPS mearuremet gee 1. The Zax of ha ordinate rata a dtd thw the antisNorhPoleod the and Vater rin eequetora plane 2.Th Xan se thr the Greenvich eran the line otro DER cents tem tte wi the eth 8. The recive coins ae Uy Uy Un and the oar ate ‘oar ce YZ wi 2.3 4 ‘ntl et etnernlcoketbe cer oeaiaa eg ‘Sbsurement thine etre coed by ener ck ee rund range Rn smeared be proeesion te day ‘Tineweontheataita andthe GPS reer a eae ae on tae em may at ean inten pie ‘And Bion eanngia tdi Wigan gue eca aUsing thie tov equation, th enging equation which relate mvedrang tote dy ae fo. -wak ss e+ awit =P -<) las-uat soup cata PRe-B] aay a Ua +r cp + a Ui -urRa- lua? set) aU? = PRA) where resiver ook ere lt bia “he ron pontine lowe: 1. The poo of sali a the natant when sends he ‘ining sigan th taraeiongveqenes ot ebtaned nearer ae tren wong rte timing gal 2: Rach nlite send ou data stv ht cant own pheeri dna an that often tlt 12 The recive ow clan the erate of he sate reat entre teeth i Band en ery {hive ther rengingonotonsofB, 2.2 wngstandard ume ‘aliedniqoe| 4 Saving of shove equations eds tthe vals of he far nktowmn th noone GPS aor Uy) relative to ‘Socata ete carh athe deck tint cock asin PS pews {Theres pson I now refrened tthe arf he arth, adr aplaged ints laa, nd elovain 12172 20m oroe ‘Addcinaymautonentfralo cot Scene ingtbe (PS Gi eet clod's Des ero where DRMSn thn tance ‘out eansqarecrr fhe marared pion relative ote trae toons he recs Tsp we 0 metres eas ben fund that snes fies he meanurenent error are ‘cassandra, 68 fh measured eon re wl be ‘wihins tans of DIN fom te true lzaton and 9% fhe ‘out ilb within 2DRMSf th ction 21.73 Sandardaaon ot PS Tne [dak tar valent ranging euntin fr psi nce ‘socasiionis saad the GPS eee eine el {Mine mearreest hat econo ein GPS standard “The yaa ellatr ed in Ue GPS reciver i ihly able myer riod of fw ends, rouaney changes age (orto are asd by (Temperature change resin changesin the quater of eytal malar expand or entre a hi sbange Ue ‘ator requecy Ti Aging of eas ede tbe rueny change with ie ‘Tpechanpsere very anal bu fisens cae een the lok {ica tieracier when he dd ot ejocrnized tnt equation, alls the tr ck ti [Soro wi therm that Sn GPSroosver te rsdbut it rote w Stine (== z ee itn’ Fe 21 cuetinel Ll? Sgn crS sata,set ete Ort tne ea ee niches easing et le aaieee tearm ices Se ee sae seo ae me at ‘Sin he ext vals othe requenie are bout 0.08 ower Sea eens SS cee tania eae se ceeeaeiernceeemte sategcnactninaccae ee Sintec atoecren ayaa {Sekt geepemene asian en eee cera cihehtiecaceaso G x a oy Pg 214cmon dC Gena. yn oon rosmone sure saree ” {5.48 th raver, the sla fo nda OPS satelite ‘wy spared sng knowadg af te wigne Ck enka at ‘Micatdtocadhetae 12121 The Ch Cade Frees ahowrtheschonaticoa GA cole goer: 1. 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The antenna desert pslasiaed path antenna with an LNA mount on “2 The supe etary river gneatnan Fn ina ‘nadth atonal nd peed wing tnd @ sapling chee by ID comer and gal gal Procing DSP cre The dig portin fhe ever inden CUA col ger ter nt aoa bi sls the necsary Gold vetoes “The epoca carro he ining measurements and cateate ere tn 1-10 Method of Satelite Signal Acquisition by GPS Receiver ee meorraee iim este Damask stn: BoE eae et se acer the oe CA eae foreach af our atlitn hi dow by smteaciedced mean necene meee cee ae Specoe temmerneoneiaeaae ae nu ave nly a oe range, tbe ecvr ao oes evra recive tears gal the er pale cde nd te ‘St salty and the ean det to feet oe lal persed cies ode rated este wena. ‘Stace ert ne ote ode rite hy the stele et own who the reaver common the cing proces, ate secrey sa eerie em eomyre fost ata 1023 at CA edn own a oe wl take at Es pnts aretha alee. ‘Step 5Onee 0 Ci i fund, he remaining sti can ‘tent opie ina ow soda bce tha eae known {hedata ranitidine uration ange ach stalite 2102 Trcking Doppler requney fet. ‘ar frum cing othe C2 ee fee ate, the GPS cir anton nate he Doppler enc at‘adie earner {htm benananenod yrs Tint 1 The evr nih hd hb fhe 1 Te tne oe adi tC cade eter = vob mi 2 Wy be sie = 35 mi Ewe he mle nen taper lay ne nd smerny ohn PS ia eye err mn open gall ‘elt lorin helt each an heron ale cf. enc fiin ort palin meanest tet ipl isn musa Seer "Th earch or Doppler shi snow carried out fellows: spi feat olla he tee temps og Dope eset a oper Seaplane SSR iat ete tar at ap one ay eG cc an aga ie savglon monag yos sic! sranton at oF reas moe "0 2 4nae A Teige ‘cet stale fr the rmaning wil tlie te ci [ky The recte care atm aearehia Doppler shone ‘Repositn ofthe recordar tthe saalites i ata a {hala od ar areas Soaiscmmarasnes eee face eee OP ee ren ‘measurement tarsigaon’ tropes ee 1884 aye tis Sree enicty mete en Fa ee 21 References i ae ea Matta 1 Udine wd Cla, OPS re Spnge Vorin Yr NY, 2 Beinn atone Nero ore 4 Thy Prat hha Wai an J Aa, SiC ‘montane Wie 308" FI eee ra ae ote nial rt hil PS See . 2 ah weno te ed FS ten tt ‘covering pbiing ata scas So Pe 4. Bre tate tei igual oti y GPS Roe Drains 6 Desert Dep tune te tiedinn PS en, SEA ata