INGREDIENTS IN EACH 500MG CAPSULE OF AYURVIT MULTIVITAMIN CAPSULE ‘S.NO. | Ingredients | LatinName | Partused | Qty. | Book Ref. Indication Name | 1 | Ashwagandha Withania Root Ext. | 50mg | BPN Rasayana, Daurbalaya, Vataroga, | somnifera Raktapitta 2 ‘Amia Emblica Fruit ext. | 50mg | BPN Tridoshahara, Mutrakriccha, officinalis Sthambhan, Rasayana, Amalpitta, Dahashamak 3 Giloy Tinospora | StemExt. | 50mg | 8.P.N | Prameha, jwaraghan, Daurbalaya, cordifolia Rasayana | a | BPN | Daurbalaya, Krimiroga, Rasayana, Trifla Trifla Extract | 50mg | Raktapitta 8 PA Mutral, i , Balaya, all pater copa Panchang | 5 mg | BPN lutral, Apasmar, Unmad, Balaya, | monnieri Ext. | Rasayana 6 | BalaBeej | Sidacordifolia | Seeds Ext. | 50mg | B.P.N Daurbalaya, Shukarmeha, ‘Mutrakrich, Vranshoth 7 ‘Alfa-Alfa__| Medicago sativa | Panchang | 50ma | 6. Shoth hara, Agnimanth, Ext | Daubalaya, Raktapitta 8 Carrot | Daucuscarota | MoolDry | 50mg | SPN Nadi-daurbalaya, Shoth hara, subsp. sativus Ext. | Vata-Pitta hara 9 | Wheat Grass [Triticum leaf Et. | SOmg | BPN Daurbalaya, Atisara | aestivum 30 | Gokshura Tribulus | Panchang | 50mg | _6.P.N Shoth hara, Nadi-Daurbalaya, terrestris Ext. Shoth hara, RaktapittaSTUDIES ON MEDICINAL PLANTS & DRUGS IN DB HAVAPRAKASA NIGHANTUH DR. S. D. KAMATHaritakyadivargah (1) T polyerata Linn. (Pun). - Sainji, ch khandarore) - is a slender trailing annual with obovate leaflets; Flowers - axillary, and 10-20 seeded pods, occuring in Punjab and upper Gangetic plains. It is a common win- ter weed and is used as a vegetable, (With India, Vol. X, p.p. 302-306) Properties, therapeutic uses etc. The seeds are demulscent, aromatic, sto- machic carminative, strength promoting, visya, (aphrodisiac), laxative and emmena- gogue. It is useful in indigestion, dyspepsia, rheumatism; It is also useful as galactagogue and for uterine contraction. 1) Confection (Laddus) made from seeds are recommended for use in dyspepsia with loss of appetite and in arthritis. 2) Infusion of fried seeds is used in diar- rhoea with blood and in pox. 3) Seeds are used in body pain in the dose of 5 to 10g. 4) Seeds fried on ghee, badiyana, and salt are used to check diarrhoea. 5) Made into a gruel (with milk) it is used in nursing mothers to increase the flow of milk, 6) A poultice of leaves is said to be in use to prevent hair falling. 7) A poultice made from che flour of the seeds is applied to skin as a cosmetic. 8) The paste of leaves is applied in swell- ings with burning. In sunstroke the paste of leaves is rubbed on the body and is also used internally. 9) The leaves especially when young are largely employed as a vegetable. Dose - Powder of seeds 2.5 to 5 g- Be in. | ~— Vanamethika (arifaren) (1) LH.) Vanamethi (a4), Jangali mechi (Sitteft Felt); [Punj.] Sinjr (fast); (Sindh.] Jira (fitz); [Eng.} Sweet cloves, « Melilotus indica (Linn.) All. Syn. M. parviflora Desf. Trifolium indicum Linn. (Fam, Fabaceae, Papilionaceae) Botanical description It grows wild in Bengal, U.P. ete. The slender herb is 30-40 mm, in height; Leaves - compound, trifoliate; Flowers - smail, in yellow coloured umbels; Fruit - legume; Seed one. Properties, therapeutic uses etc. Seeds are astringent and useful in colic, diarrhoea especially of children. It is used in dysmenorrhoea, rheumatism and scrofula. Vanamethika (ataferet) (2) (H.] Vilayati gavata (faeraet 74), Lastina ghasa (qf 818); [Mar] Vilayati gavata (freradt Taq); [Guj.)] Vilayati ghasa (Frere ua), [Laddakh.} Hola (ete), [Punj.] Lastina (aq); [Eng.] Lucerne, Alfalfa. » Medicago sativa Linn. (Fam. Fabaceae, Papilionaceae) Botanical Description This has been mentioned in Dha.niK. “| (p. 563) as - Afrar after dq: feet arHee | fetereisenreren atari Fd se I (Dhn.ni-A. 6.103)ichous kernels) can be used | id and in ink | The fraits (w for the preparation of oxalic act making. (With India, Vol. X. p-p- 166-167) Properties and uses etc. Bibhitaka is mentioned in Caraka Samhita | (Sa.Ch. 4) in Virecanopaga and Jvarahara | mahakasiva and in Susruca Samhita (Si.Ch 38) ix is mentioned in Mustadi gana and | Trphala. The dried fruit pulp (rind) is astringent in taste and is laxative. Ir is useful in coughs, hoarseness, eye diseases, bronchitis, pharyn- gitis. Iris mainly used in Triphala powder. Kernel is slightly intoxicant and is useful in promoting the growth of hairs. Dose - Powder 3-10 g. 7 (3) Amalaki aracrat (samen aa Tse) arama Peat ade fray 113811 ates dined a aersganedt Ba! SRST, erat frrermensget 113911 tresiget A : Tai ma we get Tar 401l aa ard ammeter omepithera: 1 ah BUTTER orenRaratat ar 114 111 mer wean att wats are ith aeta dior wsaraty faféste 4211 _Vayasya, Amalaki, Vesya, Jatipha. - ie sya, Jatipha s:asam, ivam, Sriphalam, and Amrtaphalam are synonymous. The term Amalakam is used in Bhavaprakasa Nighantuh all three genders. Dhacri, Tisyaphala and Amrta are also its synonyms. Phatriphala is similar in properties to | Haricaki, but still especially useful in bleed- ing disorders, diabetes, as vrsya and rasayana. It pacifies vita dosa by its sour taste, pitta dosa by its sweet taste and cold potency, and kapha dosa by dryness and astringent taste. | ‘Thus the Dhatri fruit pacifies all the three dosas. Whichever is the virya (potency) of the fruic the same virya should be (generally) indicated of the kernel. Synonyms (Etymological derivations) .aaem - ‘aaa aga fea’ | Useful for longe- vity: aan - ‘aa: aevd earvafa gf | Prevents ageing process. Keeps or prolongs youth- fulness, aeeate at, armed safes wea’ | ‘saaed PH STAT, wae a (at., HAE 2.4.58) | SaaS AT \ It has the rasayana property. It pacifies dosas. Sustains the body. Ir is de- void of malas. Ta - rps, | Bed’ | Promotes virility. + SPR - “Act HRA: HAASE" | Tes fruit juice is beneficial, set ‘Sema | Beneficial to health. A Sree - ‘opta eer apursigrrnt’ | Is fruie Sustains and promotes dhatus (tissues) and nourishes body tissues. . arena - “Ht: aia: ade we’ | Use of fruit improves the complexion. (Fruit has good complexion).Haritakyadivargah (1) saree - ah aa orem: aa) CATA TT THT, ST LA, 1.5112) 1 Tey fruit has properties of divine elixir, - St - “arte Seer choose | Ie nourishes and maintains body tissues, . frermen - ‘fret trend Get Sree’ | Bruit ripens in Pausa month. ‘fast 4Red GenTeH: frereer (@it., STAT. 2.4.58) 1 Its fruit is aus- pictous. << SET - “STATS WOH, casa 1 It has rasayana property (like devine elixir), Regional names (H.] Amala (#7427), Amvala (3ifaet), Amvada (3741), Amvara (11), Auda (281), Aura (31); [Beng.] Amala (311), Amaro (ama), Amala (319eT), Amalaki (svar); [Oriya.] Amla (37); [Mar] Avale (e172), Avali (s1aait), Avalakathi (sTaeardt), Avala- kanthi (sraaavat); [Punj.] Amala (#14m), Ambula (o74q), Ambali (ste); [Raj] Amvala (#iaem); [Guj.] Ambala (sites), Amala (amm@n), Amali (seit); [Kan.] Nelli (fea), Nellikayi @feernfa); [Tel.] Usarikaya (aafiara), Usarika (afte); [Tam.] Nelli- Eng. - Embelic Myrobalan, Indian gooseberry: » Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Syn. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae) Botanical description A small or middle sized deciduous tree, 9- 12 m. high; Trunk - crooked, branches spreading; Bark - grey, exfoliating in small "aay aa irregular patches; Leaves - alternate, linear oblong, subsessile, on 10-20 cm. long pinnately arranged leaflets; Flowers - numer- ous, small yellowish on axillary fasciles or on the naked portion of the branch; Fruit - berry globose, 2.cm. in diam. fleshy, smooth, pale yellow, 6 striated. Flowering - March-May, Fruiting - Octo- ber-February (ripe) Leafless in hot season. Chemical constituents etc. A good source of vitamin C; carotene, nicotinic acid, riboflavine, D-glucose, D- fructose, myoinositol and a pectin with D- galacturonic acid, D-arabinosyl, D-xylosyl, L-thamnosyl, D-glucosyl, D-mannosyl and D-galactosyl residues; embicol, mucie and phyllemblic acids, phyllembin and fatty acids (seed oil); leucodelphinidin, procyani- din, 3-O-gallated prodelphinidin and tannin (bark); ellagic acid, lupeol, oleanolic alde- hyde and O-acetyl oleanolic acid from root. (Treatise - Vol. 3 p. 35) Amala fruir is probably the richest known natural source of vit. C. Fruit juice contains nearly 20 times as much vit. C as orange juice and a single fruit is equal in antiscorbu- tic value to one or two oranges. A tannin containing gallic acid, ellagic acid and glu- cose in irs molecule and nat urally present in the fruit, prevents or retards the oxidation of the vitamin and renders the fruit a valuable antiscorbutic in the fresh as well as in the dry condition. The antiscorbutic value is well conserved by preserving the fruits in salt so- lution of in the form of dry powder. The dried fruit loses only 20% of its vitamin in12 375 days when ke pt in refrigerator, but loses 67% in the same period when stored at room temperature, Feeding wials on healthy human subjects show that the vitamin present in the fruit is utilized as well as pure ascorbic acid, When administered to pa tients suffering from pulmonary tuberculo sis vitamin © saturation is more quickly reached with Amala powder than with syn thetic vitamin C, thereby showing that the former is more readily assimilated probably due to the presence of accessory factors. (Wlth India, Vol. III, p169-70) Aonla (Amala) fruit ash contains chro- mium 2.5, zinc 4; and copper, 3 pg./g. Pres- ence of chromium is of therapeutic value in diabetes. The chromium deficiency in hu- man body first disturbs carbohydrate me- tabolism and then leads to diabetic condi- tion, The fruit also contains phyllemblin and curcuminoids, The fruit contains super- oxide dismutase 482.14 units/g. fresh we. and exhibits antisenescent activity. The fruits are anabolic, antibacterial and resistance building. They possess expecto- rant, cardiotonic, antipyretic, antioxidative, antiviral and antiemetic properties. ‘An aqueous extract of the fruit has been reported to provide protection against radia- tion induced chromosomal damage in both pre- and post- irradiation treatment. The aqueous extract also possesses desmutagens and exhibits anticyrotoxic, antigenotoxic, anticlastogenic, anticarcinogenic ar iti- mutagenic activities. Amala (Aonla, pos- sesses antitumour and immunomodulatory properties. Bhavaprakisa Nighantuh Aonla (Amala) fruir can be used as aii able dietary supplement to counteracr cyto- toxic effects of prolonged exposure to metals in populations in industrial areas. The fruir is found beneficial in the treatment of AIDS also. (With India, Supp. Vol. 3, B 76-77) Properties, therapeutic uses etc. In Caraka Samhita (S0,Ch. 4) in Vire- canopaga, Vayahsthapana mahdkasaya and in Suéruta Samhita (S0.Ch. 38) it is mentioned in Partsakadi gana and Triphaladi gana. In Amalaki all the tests except salty (Lavana) one are present. (facets: al TAA, Fe afar) (C.S0.Ch. 27) ‘The ripe Amala fruits should be collected in proper season spread on mat and dried in the sun. Many times market samples have lost their potency. Fresh amala stimulates digestive capacity, is digestive, pacifies pitta dosa. It ts cooling, refrigerant, diuretic and laxative. The raw fruit is eaten as an aperient. Dried fruit is useful in haemorrhage, diarrhoea and dysen- tery. In combination with iron it is used as a remedy for anaemia, jaundice and dyspepsia. The decoction prepared of Amalaki, Daruharidra, Guduci and Yastimadhu is use- ful in thinorrhoea with copious discharge, diabetes and vaginal discharge. Amalaki powder in the dose of 10g. each time is given with honey. Acute bacillary dysentery may be arrested by drinking a sherbat of Amala with lemon juice. aHaritakyadivargal (1) The exudation from incisions on the fruit is used as an external application for inflam mation of the eye. The flowers are cooling, refrigerant and aperiane, The root and bark are astringent, The fruits are used in the preparation of inks and hairdyes. The dried fruit is deter- gent and used as shampoo for the head, A fixed oil extracted from the fruits has the property of promoting hair growth. The seeds are used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and biliousness. Dose - Powder - 5-10 g. Triphala fret (ae Frere PRATAP TATE — ) ren fardterenstint wet: zarfeatrent we: | wate a firme at a a@ yentfear 1431) foe oaefircett «otro ATT sagen ditt eeat fermrsercrforti v4 411 Pachya, Bibhitaka and Dhatri fruits in equal quantity is known as Triphala, Phala- trika, Triphala and Vara are synonymous. Triphala pacifies kapha-pitta dosas and is useful in disorders charecterized by polyuria, skin disorders and is laxative. Ir is beneficial for eyes, stimulates digestive capacity, pro- motes desire for food and in intermittent fevers, (malarial fevers). ‘Triphala (Three myrobalan, group of three fruits) There is a difference of opinion in resepect of the quantity to be taken of each 13 fruit, Some accept one part of Haritaki, two parts of Bibhitaka and three parts (according to some - four) of Amalaki are taken. It will be proper to accept equal quanticy by weight only after discarding the hard covering of the seeds. For the preparation of good quality of Triphala ctirpa dried Haritaki should be taken. Big juicy Amalaki, after cutting by a stainless steel knife, should be dried in shady place and powdered. Small Balaharicaki (black), rotten market samples of Amalaki and insect bitten should not be taken. In Madanapala Nighantu following verses are of different opinion - aticareat arm: fare areerenPrem: | wear: Fy: frites, frets satfeat | CA.) Haritaki three parts, Amalaki twelve parts, and six parts of Bibhitaka are taken. However in most parts of India the pow- ders of all the three (not the whole fruits) are taken in equal parts. Apart from this there are three other kinds of Triphalas are also mentioned - 1) Suadu triphala - Draksa, Kharjtira and Partigaka in equal parts together constitute Svadu triphala. 2) Madhura triphala - Draksa, Dadima and Kharjtira in equal parts together is called as ‘Anya svadu triphala’ or Madhura tri- phala. 3) Sugandhi triphala - Jatiphala, Ela and Lavaiiga constiture Sugandhi triphala or Surabhi triphala. (Dhn.ni-K.p. 645,Ch. VID) laSamilitd, there ts a eprarate is eral the prepertios andl iises of A taste, cold in porericy, galactagopue, ring, aplirodi al 10 eyes (vi sey Nevagandlia pacttios van, kapha desas and i uselul in dvirra (leucoderna), oedema and CoMsamnprion, Ti in strength-promocing, homiyana, bitter and asringentin taste, her in potency and increases sukradhien Synonyms (eryeu il derivation) .eray - serety welts, aeensaenr Se: (APTN: ) Tea: WA AY 1 les roots have got the smell of a horse; or get virility like a horse by its use = Bretend) - ‘srerat anfrerey aiteiifaa anette 1 In- Greases the virility after its use. act t perennial herb under shrub, t; Leaves - 2.5- Sem. long, Jong, crenate; Flowers - soli- her, yellow; Fruit- 6-8 mm. ing time - Oct.-Nov. are very strong. Seeds (Mar.) All parts are used strong, fine and white. | taila is popular in Kerala region, aha), Khareti (att), Khiraintr | 499 ie . iL con be aan ae Ke pounded, and a small Solon 7 rake (like that of Bharga) on a flat : ny suey dition of a little wate i ae af the eee every. time. The colour s comes white, This type of (kalka) paste should be used while preparing oils and ghees. Satapaki and Sahasrapala Bala In Kerala and in south India according to R.V. Nair Sida rhombifolia L. ssp. retusa was commonly used but,.as it is not available in required quantities the market samples in- clude the roots of all species of Sida. Accord- ing to pharmacognosy of Travancore the statement also corroborates, ic. Sidg retusa-Bala. They have also mentioned other species as follows - L) Sida rhombifolia Linn. (Atibala, Devabala, Mahabala) [Maly.] Anakkurun- totti; [Tam.] Kuruntotti, Anaikuruntotti, Citramutti ete. 2) S. rhombifelia L. ssp. retusa (L.) Borssum. [San.] Atibala; [Maly. & Tam.] Kuruntotti (See - Mahabala). 3) 8. rhomboidea vat. rhombifolia (Roxb.) Mast. 4) S. spinosa Linn. 5) & geuta Burm. f. [Maly.] Ceruparuva, Meyirmanikkam, Arivalmukkam. 6) S. veronicaefolia Lam. Chemical constituents Ephedrine, w-ephedrine, s-(+)-Nb-me thyt- tryptophan methylester, hypaphorine, wal vascicine, vasicinol, choline, betaine, n acids from the plant and i } none, 5 phytosterol and resi500 Bhavaprakasa Nighantuh proteins, linoleic, malvalic and sterculic acids have been reported from the seeds. (Treatise Vol. II, p. 184) Properties, therapeutic uses etc. It is mentioned in Caraka Samhita (Sa. Ch. 4) in Brmhaniya gana (by the name Vatyayani), Prajasthapana gana (by the name Vatyapuspi) Balya gana and in Madhura skandha (Vi.Ch. 8). In Susruta Samhita it is mentioned in Vatasamsamana varga. (Sa.Ch. 39). Bala is cold in potency, tonic, rasayana, aphrodisiac, foetus stabilising, astringent and pacifies-vata-pitta dosas. Tr is used in bleeding disorders, diabetes, leucorrhoea, disorders due to vata dosa, and is “unctuous. ot 4 ‘ 4 * . . a 1) Juice of the whole plant is given in sper- 2) Powder of the root bark is used with opi eee in leucorrhoea and in fre- im 7) Ghee prepared with milk and roorg of Bala is used with honcy in tuberculosis, 8) Paste of the roots and Hararala is applied externally in filariasis. 9) Its root 25-50 g. made into a paste with milk is used for rasayana purpose. Milk and rice is used asa diet. Dose - Root 5-10 g., Whole plant 5-16 8. Atibala (aiftaen) (H.] Kaghi (ar), Kakaht (af), Kakahia (aenfeet), Kangahi (are), [Beng.] Perasi (Sent), Mudra (at), Mudrika (fear), Petar (ent); [Punj.) Pili burr Cet g2i); [Guj] Khapata (G2), Kamsaki (#18), Davali (Staci); [Kan.] Tutti (at); [Tel.] Turture- benda (qaeas); [Sindh.] Simbula (Far); (Tam.] Paniyaratueti (Sard fq) | Eng. - Country mallow. » Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet Syn. A. asiaticum (Linn.) Sweet (Fam. Malvaceae) Botanical description A hoary tomentose herb; Leaves - heart | 1} shaped, toothed, rarely trilobate; Flowers - yellow, opening in the evening; Fruit - top a. Poe och, dark brown. Seeds are632 Brahmi, Kapotavaika, Somavalli and | Sarasvati are synonymous. Mandukaparni, Manduki, Tvastri, Divya and Mahausadhi are synonymous. Brahmi is cold in potency, laxa- tive, bitter in taste, sweet after vipaka, pro- motes longevity and is rasayana; beneficial to voice, and useful in skin disorders, anaemia (Pandu), disorders characterized by polyu ria, bleeding disorders, disorders characterized by cough, poison, oedema and fever. The properties of Mandtikaparni are simi- lar to those of Brahmi. The compiler of this Nighantu has men- tioned two types of Brahmi here. While men- tioning the properties of Brahmi he has men- tioned that the properties of Mandukaparni are similar to those of Brahmi only. After Dronapuspi (next plant) the com- piler has mentioned Suvarcala and Brahma- suvarcala. Dhanvantari Nighantu (K,) has mentioned Suvarcala and Brahma-suvarcala (Ch. IV, 32-33. p. 333-336). This Suvarcala is Manduki and Brahmasuvarcala is Brahmi. Raj.ni. has mentioned Laghubrahmi or Jalabrahmi as a type of Brahmi. This is con- sidered as Brahmi proper in Bengal. Following plants are considered under this heading - 1) Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Syn. Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn. 2) Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Syn. H. rotundifolia Roxb. (Fam. Umbelliferae) 3) Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennel Syn. Herpestis monniere (Linn.) HB. & K. (Fam. Scrophuraceae) Bhavaprakaga Nighantuh eS Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. is also used 45 a substitute for C. asiation. Synonyms (etymological derivation) ret ~ “arersteerrey” Cail.) | “mer: Sat ae (fg, #1.) | Iris dear to Brahman. It is beneficial to vocal cords and speech. < wataerg - “Hosa stele MRE sha’ | Te has some resemblance with kapota (pigeon). . araeeh - “Get aecita’ (ATL) | Its proper- ties are similar to Soma. « Weeadt - Useful for memory and speech. (hate: am aeeaci’ scrat:) | See below for another etymology. . Toga (Heat) - “ASH TT Aes quif’ | Some resemblance of the leaves witha frog. «wae ~ cagT wen Tes Brae | Asin Brahmi. . feo - ‘dora ware ster aM.’ | Ie is a divine plant. .aétaet - ‘edt a sttset gaq | It is an impor- tant plant. Fema - “aera (eft.) | Aenean’ (Ae. 4.) | (are ¢ areaet sae Brace STAT) | aaa - ‘wag: when’ (af.) | + Grea - ‘a: saat sre: Bea | Cera - aca aren: wea | Wea - Gs: Sse: Ga, |S Ge a I Wea sf a | (Useful for speech) Brahmi Mandtkaparni (areit wegeraTit) (H.] Brahmi Garé), Brahmamandak (7 agai), [Beng] Tholakuri (aap); [Mar] Brahmi (are), Karivana Garam); {Gui632 Brahmi, Kapotavaika, Somavalli and | Sarasvati are synonymous. Mandukaparni, Manduki, Tvastri, Divya and Mahausadhi are synonymous. Brahmi is cold in potency, laxa- tive, bitter in taste, sweet after vipaka, pro- motes longevity and is rasayana; beneficial to voice, and useful in skin disorders, anaemia (Pandu), disorders characterized by polyu ria, bleeding disorders, disorders characterized by cough, poison, oedema and fever. The properties of Mandtikaparni are simi- lar to those of Brahmi. The compiler of this Nighantu has men- tioned two types of Brahmi here. While men- tioning the properties of Brahmi he has men- tioned that the properties of Mandukaparni are similar to those of Brahmi only. After Dronapuspi (next plant) the com- piler has mentioned Suvarcala and Brahma- suvarcala. Dhanvantari Nighantu (K,) has mentioned Suvarcala and Brahma-suvarcala (Ch. IV, 32-33. p. 333-336). This Suvarcala is Manduki and Brahmasuvarcala is Brahmi. Raj.ni. has mentioned Laghubrahmi or Jalabrahmi as a type of Brahmi. This is con- sidered as Brahmi proper in Bengal. Following plants are considered under this heading - 1) Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Syn. Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn. 2) Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Syn. H. rotundifolia Roxb. (Fam. Umbelliferae) 3) Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennel Syn. Herpestis monniere (Linn.) HB. & K. (Fam. Scrophuraceae) Bhavaprakaga Nighantuh eS Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. is also used 45 a substitute for C. asiation. Synonyms (etymological derivation) ret ~ “arersteerrey” Cail.) | “mer: Sat ae (fg, #1.) | Iris dear to Brahman. It is beneficial to vocal cords and speech. < wataerg - “Hosa stele MRE sha’ | Te has some resemblance with kapota (pigeon). . araeeh - “Get aecita’ (ATL) | Its proper- ties are similar to Soma. « Weeadt - Useful for memory and speech. (hate: am aeeaci’ scrat:) | See below for another etymology. . Toga (Heat) - “ASH TT Aes quif’ | Some resemblance of the leaves witha frog. «wae ~ cagT wen Tes Brae | Asin Brahmi. . feo - ‘dora ware ster aM.’ | Ie is a divine plant. .aétaet - ‘edt a sttset gaq | It is an impor- tant plant. Fema - “aera (eft.) | Aenean’ (Ae. 4.) | (are ¢ areaet sae Brace STAT) | aaa - ‘wag: when’ (af.) | + Grea - ‘a: saat sre: Bea | Cera - aca aren: wea | Wea - Gs: Sse: Ga, |S Ge a I Wea sf a | (Useful for speech) Brahmi Mandtkaparni (areit wegeraTit) (H.] Brahmi Garé), Brahmamandak (7 agai), [Beng] Tholakuri (aap); [Mar] Brahmi (are), Karivana Garam); {Guiconstituents |. Fleshy ¥° gecds: coments fa din Splice Edible matter 99% >; far. 0.1%: 5, 3.4%; min- White radish root - moisrure - 94.4%; provein 0. v erals, 0.667 calcium, (mg/10 phorus, (mg/100g) 22.0; iron, (mg./100g) 0.4; vit. A (1.U./100g), 5.0; thiamin, (mg/ | tive. 100g) 0.06; riboflavin, (mg./100g) 0.02; nicotinic acid, (mg/100g) 0.5; vie. C, (mg/ tive, diuretic and laxative, 100g), 15.0; Also contains: sodium, 33; po- tassium, 138; choline, 63; and oxalic acid, ee z constipation. Seeds are used in amenotthoe, 9mg/100g. The characteristic pungent flavour of rad- : iis ed 4 : are not constipating an ish has been atributed to the presence of vola- finde Panne: }o not produce ym- s. tile isothiocynates, The enzymes present in radish are phos- phatase, catalase, sucrase, amylase, alcohol de- hydrogenase and pyruvic carboxylase, It also contains a thermostable antithiamine factor and $-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide designated as methiin, Steroidal sapogenins are also re- ported, The seeds contain glycosidically bound soe oils of which allyl, methyl and iso- propyl isothiocynates, and sulphoraphe have been identified in: different ne. Sulphoraphene exhibited antibacterial activ- ity against Streptococcus, Pyococcus, Pnetmo- ’ 1 Eee —— rocensand Ese i r | mination of seeds. Another sulphur eg Be ane yor | ing o . seritial of nity! Seeds yield © --4emerhyl! thiabureny! aqueous Y net several gram positiv ay | against several gram positive and ge the nate glucoside. cyanid ea ‘i TRE id relargonidin diglyeo-'| tive bacteria and inhibits Betminag, Bas side 3-s0phorrs crate s.methyl-L-cy* | seeds, The seeds are also reported # On ag side, eyanidin aid iin): greroidal sapo- | a broad spectrum antibiotic, named “Ona seine sulphowids sie ae ; lysin, specific against Mycobacterium ng Fo. ‘i raphene- . 1 pie Gheie, Vol. T, pe 143-144) | insis. ere Is (With India, Vol. Vip, ». a7Ly YT 4 Properties, therapeutic uses ete, fibre, 0,896; other carbohydrate: (0g) 50.05 phos- | pried Muli also pacifies three dosas. Trig in jaundice. Juice of leaves is diuretic soe an her Bag brian ccc * i Tt inhibits g | narned raphanin is Separated f, Nai, 0, act Of the seeds, Tp «thy i The boiled Mili pacifies three o Nas, Seeds are expectorant, digestive, carmin, Roots are used as a vegetable in chronic Like other dried vegetables, roots (dried) Dose - Juice 20 to 30ml. Seeds (powder) 1 to 2.5, (58) Griijanam Ta (aaa [aT] | TET ARRETTE—) Wat mat with wan agama | Tara Het tant ferenteri diet | ‘tons renftrerttreotten mara 111 04 Griijana, Gajara and Narafigavarnakam*® synonymous. Gajara is sweet, ener stimulating, digestive capacity andige }. Iris useful in blee dine dis 8 disor ahani diseases and pacifies k apha- ological derivation) BOTSTA-THT 1 To roar to A) | St Weta apn, ars SEL CTSAT) | Tes prop Taste etc. are told and Guj.] Gajara (maz); [Tel.] Gajjaragadde ); [Tam.] Gajara- herb, with an erect, arising from a fleshy ly decompound; sh, umbels, taproot ene, carotol, daucol, ate, linalool, limonene, seeds); s)-daucene, B-ele- sabinene; apige!? cosides, chrysin: ide, kaempferol. cetate, camphene, cene = | Hopinen, Wo, ie, B-phe e P-thymal, th § ' hellandrene YMOL cothujene Nine, gly, ENE terpinyl ae Blycine, leucine : arachidie, oleic ‘osine, valine hapelaget: » Palmitic acids elu “ Henk ane, rn Nonacosane chol oe Sterol; apigenin-4'.0.p, ‘tine; B-sito- nin-7-O-B-p, “B-D-glucoside, 4 ige- U-galactopyranogyil De anosyi(1 > 4)-0.4. D-mahnopyranoside, kaemph glucoside (seeds); caffeic, pt Sentsic, salicylic, vanillic acids. (lever, rope @pigenin 7-B-D-plucoside, ine 5, Toot); noside, chrysoeriol-7-B-D-glucoside I lin-7-B-D-glucoside, lure in-4'-B-0 ' g B-D-gluco- side, luteolin-7-B-D-plucuronide, luteolin-7- rutinoside (leaves); y-bisabolene, c-be motene, bornyl acetate, caryophyllenc, farnesene, falearinol, falearindiol, a-humu- 1, y- a-, B-, » iso= 3-0--p- NZOIC, lene, myristicin, sabinene, c-terp terpinenie, terpinene- al, terpinalen y-carotenes; 2-nonenal, octanal, cite citric, fumaric, malic, succinic and tartaric acids; anthocyanins; 3-methyl-6-methoxy- 8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (root); ascorbic acid, vitamins A, B,, B,, D,E, mico- tinic acid, vitamin U (S-methyl methionine), provitamin A; alanine, asparagine, aminobutyric and aspartic acids, glutamine, serine, valine; maltose, sucrose; faconitic, daucic, glycolic, a-ketogluraric, lactic, mal- anic, mevalonic, pyroglutamic, quinic, shikimic and tartaric acids; adenine, adenos- hypoxanthine, adenosine mono- ridine monophosphate, uridine 2,3-dibromopropionamide, di- hyl-amine, N-methylaniline, N-methylphenethy- pectin also oe- ine, inosine, phosphate, ui diphosphate, ethyl-and dimethy?: N-methylbenzylamine, lamine, pyrrolidine; lycopene, in the plant. cur p 39-40) (Treatise, Vol. 4, p-1006 : Analysis of the edible portion of Carrot : moisture, 86.0; protein, 0.9; fat, 0.1 carbo- hydrates, 10.7; fibre, 1.2; mineral matter, 1.1; calcium, 0,08; and phosphorus, 0.03% iron, }.5mg/100g; carotene (vit. A LU.) 2000-4300/100g; vit. B,, 60 1.U./100g and vit. C mg/100g. Cooking brings about a considerable loss in nur ient value of carrots. __Carrot seed is a source of an essential oil. Ir has an odour of orris with a shade of patchouli and blends well all violet ketones. (With India, Vol. TI, p. 21) Properties, therapeutic uses etc. Carrot roots are used as a vegetable for soups, curries and salads. An infusion of carrot is a folk remedy for threadworms. Carrot increases the quantity of urine and helps the elimination of uric acid. The decoction of it is given in jaundice Seeds are used in generalized anasarca and in renal disorders. Seeds may cause abortion. (59) Kadalikandah manila: (ora aecitae: [srererre| er APA TTT) view: masters aca: Svdioatiraher aepocteag ener Wosil } Kadalikanda is cold in potency, strength- Promoting, stimulates digestive capacity, removes burning sensation, is sweet in taste and promotes taste. Kadali is discussed in A (p. 591), mradi phalavarga Manakah, Mahapatrah are SI Manaka is useful in swelling, ynonymoys, cold j pacifies bleeding disorders and js tages “ Synonyms (etymological derivation) Fre: - Arata aecahaons ey ey fi | ‘a aA’ 1 It is known or identified by irs leaves and tubers. 2 Tea: - Herter Garfoy Teh STTA:” | Tes leaves are very big. Regional names (H.] Manakanda (ara); [Mar] Kamsale; (aia); [Beng.] Manakacu (A114); [Kan Manaka (a1), Marasani (Raf); (Maly) Marambu (are); [Tam.] Merukaikilange (Avatar); [Tel.] Carakanda (74); [Assam Boromana-kacu (@RMTAST4) | Eng. - Gaint Tato » Alocasia macrorrhiza (Linn) G. Dom Syn. A. indica (Lour.) Spach (Fam. Araceae) Botanical description It is a robust perennial herb up © ee height found wild and cultivated al over - dia; Leaf blades - 60 cm.-1 m. long) 0, spreading, ovate, sagittate with 1.55 aati sheathin: petioles. Flowers - frageant °F ioave pararen pry Beers | os wea aE Meet aT | ar aries at | fragrance, aroma and ¢ the digestive and meta- he body have been men- fous Karpiiradi chapter. gs which are useful in pe described. Gudiici being a and rasayana drugs d first. Some of the other mentioned Gudiicyadi its importance. Since the Gudici hence it is called arate iaTe—) wararera: | ereaae: 111 qorehy 1211 + aerifadt | y were 131 b a qr aq: 4 He Terentia at: GUDUCYAI IH CI JAPTER THREE Aheenfefaterer mary “afi at aat ay gai aferaraitee Wigufecas: taeteait saat apeferar us Mythological Genesis of Gudiici A mythological story is mentioned here by the compiler of this Nighantu to stress the importance of the pharmacological properties of this plant. Ravana, the arrogant king of Lanka, head of the Raksasas being overwhelmed with lust abducted Sita, the wife of Lord Rama, then the almighty Lord assisted by the army of Vanaras (monkeys) fought with Ravana and killed him in the battlefield. Lord Indra, the king of Gods, was greatly pleased at the death of Ravana who was the enemy of Gods, praised Rama and brought back to life all the (soldier) monkeys, who were killed by Raksasas in the battlefield, by sprinkling nectar on them. In all the places where the drops of nectar fell on the ground from the bodies of the monkeys, there grew the plant of Gudiici. Amrita (3194) - This is the drink of Gods. Ir is supposed to be a delicious stimulating drink. The term ‘nectar’ is according to the Greek and Roman mythology. There may be a slight difference in the meaning of these terms. qget | eff earagersyrareertt | feat forest foatwot serena 161)352 ~ araratt afore ater aire ot ree | amcratftrar eft! frorenr a Tara 711 sam warar a wveeht aafafier | et act fre Marquart rarertt 11811 areanftolt avarciram orett aearstrdiectt | gresamggaretenrat at onrgey, 19 wa | (wieermererst: | Gregeatraresy)* 101 | Gudoci, Madhuparni, Amyta, Amipta- vallart, China, Chinnaruha, Chinnodbhava, | Varsadani, Jivanti, Tancrika, Soma, Soma- valli, Kundali, Cakralaksanika, Dhira, Visalya, Rasayani, Candrahasa, Vayastha- (vayasya), Mandali and Devanirmita are syn- onymous. Gudiici is pungent and bitter in taste, sweet in vipaka (after digestion), rasayana, (rejuve- nator), astringent in action and in taste, hot in potency, laghu, strength-promoting, stimu- lates digestive capacity, pacifies all the three dosas, and ama. It is useful in curing thirst, micha (disorders characterised by excessive micturation), cough, anemia, jaundice, skin disorders, gout, fever, worms, and vomiting, prameha (diorders characterized by excessive and turbid urine), dyspnoea, cough, piles, dysuria, disorders of heart, and disorders caused by aggravated vata dosa. Synonyms (etymological derivation) + Tee - “qefs wafe EHH’ (.) | Provides pro- tection "JE Tt’ | Suggestive of pharmaco- logical action, 1. ‘ery eft aeafaerenra: | 2. ‘amen sia 1. 1 8 Bere we eenegimgety emt = Bhavaprakaga Nighantup, (faa, 4.) | Though the leaves are ki B aia ; iter in taste there is a beneficial effect on th body. . agen - “afer Geren angen’ (Fat Sh.) | . aaeet - “A fiat art acct & arpa area ech aA | “aE, Ta It remains alive for a long time. Or usefil Amrta (Nectar). « fea, fesaree - “ferat tet fae (A) | Grow, again even if it is cut several times, fate’ | As above. . area! - ‘acarat sre! (att, Fatt.) | aah ayaa at | ‘31% Vast’ 1 Calves ear this plant. .Steat - ‘steaf sfataa’ (4) | Sie stadt’ (fa.3t.2t.) | Useful in various diseases and as a rasayana. . ahaa - ‘area rere (at, Fa) aearara faregen = | ‘aa feed’ | Fine string like structures arising in spring and gradually becoming like rope. Provides longevity (filiform aerial roots). ate, sive ampere (af.) | ‘eet at ainacet’ (f.31.27.) | Ainsli has remarked that the bruised plant put into warer, the liqut thus formed being drunk by Brahmins some of their religious ceremony: In Ne 4 Gazetteer (Bombay XVI, 323) it 8 oe that an intoxicating liquid called Bho? Bhoga) is prepared by boiling the me a old joari, gulavela, bhanga, and ku ) water (suggestive of Vaidika somapane a The synonym somavalli might be ° _becred wiht there precio nea enon 1, This synonym is a different plant under heading araert in Rajanighan! \ a5,adivargal (3) ot very hot. | OF wining nacure, wane (fr gta) SpE | Cakrakaras ay Tasayana prayopa it Vara is superior, (FRA) | Dosas are Th. ’ | Having rasayana nce of the cordate gh hot in potency its effect on | 353 Gulavela (nperaey . Guloe ¢ - }: [Bom.] Gulavela Oper), 7AM), Gharala (ariter) IM Gulavela (1yza8 sige Get a (44), Gulaveli (pate), [Guj.] =m Io (ret), Galo (Tt), Gulavela ("Tener ) (Tam.] Sindila kodli (fintee-aifiy) [Tel 1 tige (fte7-Pr cine cen Beet), Guldet Cpt), Guduci Cpt, Gurica (aftr), Manapala (rma), Tippa tifipai (frry-far}), [Kan.] Amrtaballi (ar afer); [Maly.] Amrtavalli (areata), Cita meradu (frig), Ampra (981), Citramrea (fearger); [Goa] Amrtayela (aga); [Oriya] Guluei (Tepat) I Eng. - Tinospora. » Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f, & Thoms. Syn. T cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Fam. Menispermaceae) Botanical description It is a large succulent climber with rough corky'bark, found throughout India. Bark - gtey-brown or creamy white; Leaves - peti- oled, 5-10 cm. diameter and cordate; Flo- wers - small and yellow; Fruits - pisiform and red when ripe. Long filiform aerial roots ate frequently developed from the branches. "The root, stenv and the starch (sartva) de- rived from the stem is used in medicine. It should be used fresh. Chemical constituents, utilization etc. ‘The plant concains tinosporin, columbin, | chasmanthin, palmarin, berberine, tinos- poron, tinosporic acid, tinosporol, giloin, giloinisin. substituted pyrrolidine, a diver- penoid furanolactone, 18-norclerodane dit:354 erpene-O-glucoside, an aryltetrahydrofu- ranolignan, octacosanol, nonacosan 15-one and i-sitosterol. (Treatise, Vol. 1, p. 127) The dry stem with bark intact constitutes the drug. The bicrer principles present in the dnig showed antiperiodic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. The drug is reported to possess one fifth of the analgesic effect of sodium salicylate. Its aqueous extract has a high phagocytic effect. The presence of the bitter principles columbin, chasmenthin and palmarin are re- ported. In another study, three bitter com- pounds named tinosporon, tinosporic acid and tinosporal have been reported in stem. The alcoholic extract of the stem shows ac- tivity against Escherichia coli. The acute and chronic effects of oral feeding of the plant ex- tract to rabbits and albino rats on fasting blood sugar, glucose colerance and against epinephrine induced hyperglycemia have been studied. The aqueous and alcoholic ex- tracts caused reduction in the fasting blood sugar which has been interpreted as indicating some indirect action on carbohydrate me- tabolism. Similarly, glucose tolerance occured after | month treatment. It has been sug- gested thar the action of the drug is due ta favourable effect on the endogenous insulin secretion, glucose uptake and inhibition of peripheral glucose release, A decoction of the leaves is used for the treatment of gout, and young leaves, bruised in milk are used asa liniment in’ erysipelas. (With India, Vol. X, p: 251-52) | acute damage to the liver but the Bhavaprakaga jy; ha The plant extract js used modulator in IMMunosuptessin tive jaundice, hepatic fibrosis, p sepsis. It was found effective in a e Mimting, n of Obstnye. Critonitis and Prevent on nef) brous changes in liver and promos... 2” F a i Promoting Tegen eration of liver in ccl4-induced hepatoroy: : oe % ‘OXIe- ity. A decoction of Gudtici initially ‘ zi ABBravates N18 able , . 6 prevent fibrotic changes and enhance liver ¢ . is sue regeneration. People having obstruction of liver are at risk of liver failure and sepsis. In such Cases Gudiici improves immunity and Prevents intestinal infection. ‘Treatment with Gudiict reduced levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase; it also re- duced spleen size in cholecystic patients. The plant extract showed in vitro inactivar- ing activity in Hepatitis-B-surface antigen in 48-72 hours. The plant extract exhibited 7» vitro antima- larial activity against Plasmodium berghei. Aqueous, alcoholic and chloroform extracts of the leaves exhibited hypoglycaemic acti ity. The extracts have an insulin-like action and reduce blood glucose significantly but not the total lipid levels in aormal @ alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. (With India, Ist Supp. Vol. 5, P- 21-3) Pecularities Sarigadhara had defined Samana o and he had given the example of Gomes the same. ‘3 viata aah, aerate ‘ Teeth fea wed sea | (Sariga, Khanda | ee2 (3) vad lv uid 7 _ party M- \, in. in diam. Scarlet when i n consumption in the form of sed Bats use y y {ecaction OF powder. Berries and ed in cough, Leaves cooked and egetable. Fruits and leaves contain (13) Goksurah maye:* Ga: 7S ara Te) “agn greats eaferanve: Targanesi: 14411 Recent wert ITTRTE eaAe | gee a cen earfgapafterear 114511 vies: wargderag ahagtem: | m deat ger: yfbaenentter: 1461 ah, Ksurakah, Trikantah, Svadu- matekah, Gokantakah, Vanasrigatah, Plan- ‘Svadamstra and Iksugandhika are syn- is cold in potency, sweet in taste ulk of the body and cleanses the itis sweet in taste, stimulate digestive sya, increases bulk of the body and $ Urinary calculus. Useful in diabetes (disorders character- = ooo 394 ized by wtia), dyspnoas 2 polyuria), pile : » dyspnoea, i dysuria, heart diseases, and Cutan, a ‘ita dosa, : ‘ ynonyms {etymological detivation) + The: = “TT grt ~ Sate’ (PA }) Painful to-cattle, * AR “at: ga 1 ge Pacha | ksura. > Praes; - ifn ama ares ee | oa. a es Frame: | fh acer fee,’ (Fat. ayt Having three spines, (pairs of spine 2) oIgHUeR: - “Saga: Bea: ave ae eT. ares: (Fat) | Spines are sweet in taste. + Weaes: - (i: evem: 34) | Tat area aaah Weve Thea | ais I, aa arigiel TREY (aft.) | Spreads all over the soil therefore as if the spines of the earth. ‘qqe] Fate: ga’ (aVai.) | As there is Jalasrngata, this is Sthalasrigata or Vana- srigata. «Fea - “Tet Ai Hae’ | ay ear! (Aa) | Its thorns pierce the flesh. «apr - “Wat SBa | fee’ (1-¢).) | Cuts like the teeth of a dog. see - Sey FF qansea’ (41.21) | Hav- ing smell of Ikgu. ierces like a Regional names : {H.] Gokhart Gites), Chora gokhara (ger Thee), Hathicikara (erin), = Goksura (a, Gokhuri - - Sarate (Bae), Kate gokhari ¢ ou Gokhara CaS): a apna al a gokharu ‘ t ae [Oriya] Gokhura re ee (tet); [Punj] Lotaka (ate#),392 Bhavaprakaga Ni Banh, Bakhara (@vatt), Bhalera (41), Gokhart desi (aikae Set); [Sindh.] Trikundrt (frst); [Tam.] Nerufiji (48f), Nerrinji (fF), Neruniji- mullu (efryeq), Nerinjikaya (affrar); [Tel.} Palleru-mullu (7e48-4eq), Ciru palleru (fae Yeets), Palleru (tes); [Kan.] Negalu (A7q), Sanna neggalu (#4 77); [Maly] Neringila (ff) | Eng. - Land-caltrops, Puncture vine. « Tribulus lanuginosus Linn. Syn. Trtbulus terrestris auct. non Linn. (Fam. Zygophyllaceae) Botanical description Tt isan annual or perennial prostrate herb with spreading branches and silky villous young parts; Leaves - simple pinnate, oppo- site. Leaflets - almost sessile, rounded or ob- lique at the base, mucronate at the apex; Flowers - bright yellow, solitary; Fruit - 5 angled or winged, spinous tuberculate, hard, separating into 5 cocci, each coccus having two long stiff sharp spines and two shorter, seeds one or more in each, Tc grows usually in places where there is less rainfall. The whole plant or fruits are used for me- dicinal purpose. Chemical constituents, utilization etc. Chlorogenin (also from fruits); diosgenin and its acetate, gitogenin (also from fruits, flowers); astragalin, dioscin, 3-deoxy-A?-dios- genin, gracillin, harman, hecogenin, rusco- genin, crillin; furostanol glycoside, spiroste- rol saponin and a dihydroxy spirosteroidal sapogenin, trigogenin-3-diglucorham, : (terrestroside F), along with saponins ony G, (mixture of tigogenin and five dio ~ glycosides — one containing arabinose cose and rhamnose, two having glucos , rhamnose units and the Temaining oa. cose residues) from aerial parts; kaerapf| (also from flowers), its S-glucoside, 3. rutinoside and 3-B-D (6"-p-coumaroy) aly. coside (fruits, leaves); glucose, thamnose and rutin (fruits); harmine (seeds); neogitogenin, quercetin and reducing sugars (flowers). campesterol, P-sitosterol and stigmasterol (flowers, root); neotigogenin from root, (Treatise, Vol. 3, p, 129-30) Extract of the powdered fruit was found to contain an alkaloid, a resin, fat and mineral matter 14%. The fruit is said to contain a substance having an aromatic smell and it gives off a fragrant odour when it is burnt, The fruit contains - 1) an alkaloid in traces (0.001%). 2) Fixed oil 3.5% consisting mainly of unsaturated acids. 3) an essential oil in small quantities, 4) Fair amount of ni- trates, An aqueous solution of the tartrate of the alkaloid was found to contain sugars etc. Leaves are rich in calcium, but poor iron. The herb contains saponins which on hydrolysis yield steroidal sapogenins; diosg” nin, ruscogenin, and 25 D-spirosta-3, + diene. According to Late Amritalal Pattan! . presently accepted Gokhuru has gor4 : les and hence Vinchuda should be accept* Trikantaka. It is Martynia annua Linn. Si__-yadivargah (3) . gacyadiv gud ‘Chunekar have suggested Acanthospey. hispidum DC, as the source of aT eataka. In Sindh and Punjab Xanthium rium Linn. is known as Gokharu erties, therapeutic uses etc, raka Samhita (Si-Ch. 4) Goksura is ed in Krmighna, Anuvasanopaga, favirecaniya and Sothaghna mahakasayas ip Susruta Samhita Vidarigandhadi gana, di gana, Laghupaficamila, Kantaka fila ganas. - sura is usually used with other drugs. ui gokharu - for cUrna its fruits are used for decoction the whole plant should be diuretic property Laghu goksura is for rasayana property Brhat goksiira id be used. Whole plant of both Laghu at Goksura should be used as much as Only fruits alone do not give the ect. i is cooling, demulcent, diuretic, pacifies vata dosa, is strength-pro- wrsya, and anodyne. Its diuretic pro- ‘due to its nitrate contents and essen- Th large doses it acts as a laxative. used in dysuria, gonorthoca, cystits, ers, diabetes (diseases character- uria and turbidity of urine), night impotency and seminal debility. ‘usion of its fruits is used in kidney renal calculus, suppression of urine, ikta. It is also used in suppression d cystitis. Its anodyne property be- ini yavani or opium is used 393 Milk Prepared w; in dysuria. In | alkaline urine ith it (siddha ksira) is used 5 ll of i ad smell of Urine, in excessive and turbic dity its di : ? 5 deco Blven with Sildjita ction is ; In caleulus its powder jg Biven with a 1 for seven days with goats milk honey In impotency due to exce 1 : ‘© excessive masturba- tion Gokharu, Til (sesamum) and homme given with goat's milk. ; In sterility and purification of fernale geni- tal organs Gokharu is given for a long time. Dose - Powder 3-6 g. Decoction - 50-100 ml. Hasaka (#7) (H.] Gokharu-e-kalam (7itae-0-ea); [Sindh] Lataka (a); [Punj.] Hasaka (475) | Eng. - Winged caltrops. « Tribulus alatus Del. (Fam. Zygophyllaceae) The species of the same family is found in Sindh, Punjab and Balucistan. Fruits are winged with broad base and tapering end. It is used as Gokharu; but has more laxa- tive property. Its gruel is used in women after delivery. Another important species from this fam- ily is- . Guaicum officinale Linn. (Fam. Zygophyllaceae) a aa-eara); [Sans.] {H.] Cobe-hayata ( : Jivadaru (aftaete), Lohakastha (SEATS), Lohalakkada Vrddhamitra (qafaa), [Bom.] (eitetons) |Haritakyadivargah (1) The exudation frem i is used as an external applic mation of the eye, The flowers are cooling, aperiant, The root and bark are astringent. The fruits are used in the preparation of inks and hairdyes. The dried fruit is deter- gent and used as shampoo for the head. A fixed oil extracted from the fruits has the property of promoting hair growth. The seeds are used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and biliousness. Dose - Powder - 5-10 g, Triphala finer (34 Fore eee) aear farefieensttort thet: tafe Aa: | reife ot fame at ae a yentfaeT 1143 1 frat aofirret tegeet aT wept dhft wea farmsrcnfirt aa Pathya, Bibhitaka and Dhatri fruits in equal quantity is known as Triphala, Phala- trika, Triphala and Vara are synonymous. Triphala pacifies kapha-pitta dosas and is useful in disorders charecterized by polyuria, skin disorders and is laxative. It is beneficial for eyes, stimulates digestive capacity, pro- motes desire for food and in intermittent fevers. (malarial fevers). Triphala (Three myrobalan, group of three fruits) There is a difference of opinion in resepect of the quantity to be taken of each | Ncisions on the fruit ation for inflam- refrigerant and 13, fruit. Some accept one part of Haritaki, two parts of Bibhitaka and three parts (according to some - four) of Amalald are taken. Ir will be proper to accept equal quantity by weight only after discarding the hard covering of the seeds. For the preparation of good quality of Triphala ctirpa dried Haritaki should be taken. Big juicy Amalaki, after cutting by a stainless steel knife, should be dried in shady place and powdered. Small Balaharitaki (black), rotten market samples of Amalaki and insect bitten should not be taken. In Madanapala Nighantu following verses are of different opinion - wines arm: ferar greens rae: | wea: : fates, fred waiter (aia. Haritaki three parts, Amalaki twelve parts, and six parts of Bibhitaka are taken. However in most parts of India the pow ders of all the three (not the whole fruirs) ar taken in equal parts. Apart from this there are three other kind of Triphalas are also mentioned - 1) Svadu triphala - Draksa, Kharjara an Partisaka in equal parts together constitut Svadu triphala. 2) Madhura wiphala - Draksa, Dadin and Kharjtira in equal parts together is call as ‘Anya svadu triphala’ or Madhura a phala. 3) Sugandhi wiphala - Jauphala, Ela ae Lavafiga constiture Sugandhi triphala i Surabhi triphala, (Dhn.ni-K.p- 645, Ch. vip Ee904 enclosin lateral ones barren; glumes 2, small, enele 2 ¢ f ne three spikelets, lemma lanceolate, tapering e straight or recurved awn; palea a into a lon ms 2; little smaller chan lemma stamens 3, sug fruit caryopsis. % in. long, grooyed, many. times a palea Barley is one of the oldest of cultivated cereals and used as a food. It is cultivated in northern India. A fairly large quantity of bar- ley is used in the form of Sattu, which made by roasting and grinding intoa meal. Its flour is generally mixed with wheat and gram flour for preparing chapatis. It is seldom used alone. High grade barley is used for malting, and preparation of infant foods. Chemical constituents Amilopectin, amylose present in starch, arabinoxylan; fructosans, fructose, glucose, glucodifructose, maltose, raffinose, sucrose; galactoxylan, uronoaraban, uronoxylan; albu- min, globulin, glutelin (horgenin), prolamin (hordein): arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leu- cine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine; linoleic, lino- lenic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids; choline, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, ribofla- Vin, G- and B-tocopherols, vitamins A, D and E; catalase, cellobiase, cytase, diastase, liche- hase, mannase, mannobiase, oxidase, eo biflavonoidproanth Pelarogonidin, Procyanidin B,, trimer of Procyanidin C ubiquinones; chrysoerio}; orientin gee side (vitoxin) from seeds/barley le ne + tyano-3-B- peroxi- Ocyani- prodelphinidin, adherent to palea or both to lemma or | P-slucopyranosyloxy-2-methylpronene 3- B-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3- im. — trile, 4--D-glucopyranosyiog, in methylbutyronitrile; nucleic 4 Hide, porphyrin and tannins (barley husky mic acid (barley writ)-2"(3") Begiyen arabinogalacto 4-O-me curono)-xylan (leaves): 2B-D-slucs syloxy-3-methyl-(2R)-butytonitiije PY tity sides of hordatines A and B; hordey; : methyltyramine, tyramine (seedfi a ; : mes): al loid, hordenine, plant antifungal fo, p-coumaroylagmatine, pyrrolidine Also iss, lated from the plant. (Treatise, Vol. 6, pp, ‘N) vitexin; Properties, therapeutic uses etc, Barley grain is demulcent and easily asim. lable; it is therefore used in the diet of invalid and convalescents. Powdered parched grain are used in the form of gruel in painful dys pepsia, diarrhoea, fever, dysuria and in inf mmatory condition. Yavaksara is discussed in Haritalyadi vatga. (3) Godhiimah me: (are hep (Fig) 1 are aa RTE) epee he enone: we ae | Wariner geareer: Gamay, aT: 3 1! west gaa: fanfare reaaeT | Prayet ahi: eferrttgenfe: 182! i Godhtimah and Sumanah aresyn0"V™" and is of three types. 1) Mahagoe™’” which comes from western regiofi is slightly smaller in size, grown Brown in desa (Central part of India) 3) ho awn, places mukha - long variety, having Nandimulcha in some (ara TET TR—) fe wht arafererest ayes; i et: Fas: PRATT: 113 3 ae wren: ferret 113 41) is sweet in taste, cold in po- Dacifies vata-pitta dasas, is guru. Ir a kapha dosa and sukra dharu, in- ghth, unctuous, unites broken is laxative. It is vitalizing, promotes useful for body complexion ‘of wounds, promotes taste and feren treet re oa: | iT aeoh went amaadrps: Aya: 1350 dhalr is cold in potency, unerucus, itta dosa, sweet in taste and is laghu. sukra dhacu, promotes body and is wholesome. tikha has similar properties. } (etymological derivation) apa afctrats i’ (at; Patz) | fe ay" (aa.) art sare ar “ge BET ) 1 Ithas a covering on its seed. Wead’ (aft.; 9.21.) | Ie is praised alities. ; Smgaia aye’ 1 Ic is sweet in taste. qe acafa anercafa rye, act- is sweet in taste. 905 Regional names ; {H.] Geham Gm); [Beng.| Gama (1), soma CM), Git (fr); [Mar] Gaham Om (Guj.] Ghaw0ya), Gheam (74); [Kan,] Gedhi (m4); (Tel. Godhtmalu (gra); [Tam.| Godhtmai (tq); [Maly.] Genduma (73), Godamba (tite) 1 ‘ . | Eng. -Common wheat, Bread wheat | « Triticum aestivum Linn. Syn. 7 sativem Linn, 7. vulgare Vill. (Fam. Poaceae, Graminae) Botanical description Iris an annual grass, 60-150 cm. in height, bur may be short 30 em. when grown under very dry condition; Stems - tufted, erect, sometimes filled with pith; Leaves - long and narrow, with prominent veins; Inflorescence - a spike or spikelets with tough rachis, 5-9 flowered, ripening 4-5 grains towards the centre, glumes loose and braad, lemmas thin, pale and rounded; fruit or the grain thrashes free from’ the glumes and lemmas, length 5- 10 mm. with a shallow groove on one face. T. aestivum, the most highly evolved, is the most widely cultivated of all wheat species, mostly developed by breeding as well as by selection. Though it is widely grown in India, it is cultivated mainly in Punjab, Haryana, Urttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan. Chemical constituents p-Aminobenzoic acid, biotin, carotene, choline, folic acid, inositol, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, &-to-906 rem). fo cocopheral, leases. copherol (also in ; | Procorrienols (bran contains mainly ee and pi-toce! ¢ vile, geliadline P-rocatrienol): protein: allie ¥ proteins ol the er and glutenins (principal protel rm). globulins, prolamine, Gale in fi-carotene, xanthophyll (lutein), cid, hionin; alanine, arginine, aspartl ateine, glutamicacid glycine, histi vs Bye , methionine, dine, isoleucine, leucine, lysi phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, uryprophan, tyrosine, valine; adenosine triph- ospharase, glycerophosphatise, thiamine py- rophosphatase (also in sprout) :an amylase in- hibicor; acetyl esterase, - and B-amylases, as- paragine synthetase, laminarase, lichenase, catechol oxidase, G-carboxylase, carboxylic ester hydrolase. cytochrome C, dehydroascor- hic acid reductase, glutamic acid decarboxy- lase, glutamic dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, hexokinase, hexose diphosphatase, lipoxidase. hucleotidase, peptidase, phos- phogluconic dehydrogenase, o-phenylenedi- amine oxidase, phospholipase D, phospho- mono-diesterase and phytase, proteinases, Pyridine nucleoride oxidase, pyrogallol oxi- dase, ribonuclease, succinic dehydrogenase, triphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase; fruc- tote, glucose, glucofructans, glucodifructose, ane starch (principal carbohydrate); cel- we hemicellulose, pectins (as pectic acid or whe Pectates), pentosan; linoleic, linolenic, oleic: palmitic and stearic. acids; 5-(2- preset 5-(2-nxononadecyl), §- nopentacowyl)-; °$-(-oxatricosanyl)-re- sorcinals; (22R.298,248).2225-diiyaony 24-methyl-5a-cholestan-3,6-dione Gate, droteasterone), sastastetone, 6-deoxocastaste- fone, teaterone, typhasterol:a trypsin inhibi- tor (seeds); Peamylase, a hydrate (Aernel); levosines melibiose. raffinase, an comprlsiig arabinose, lowe (ren), Om and toh (britn aif); a non-reducing, ing arabinose, galactose, protein complex; mo, lipids and digalactony| wheat ail contains a and tamin EB); rich in exsenti compesterol, ergasteral (pp sterols; gadusene, lutein tene); glyceroinositophosp| toglycolipid containing p fatty acids, phosphate, inositol hexuronic acid and galactose, mannose, phosphatidic aci pherol, quinone; flour lipids. plex mixture containing a taining glucose and long phytosphingosine, del sine, dihydrosphingosine and a isomer of sphingosine), triglycerides, glycerides, fatty acids, among hydroxystearic acid is most nolamine, galactosyl g tidyl choline, phosp!) anyavargah (8) methyl flavone), vicenin-2. w. i055 t lucopyranosylluteo. Htidine deaminase; a Protein isol, dir alate nine. histidine, lysine, methionine: lose containing arabinose ; : xyloxe avid anhydride (Jeaves) i ascorbie . L-phenylalanine ammonialyase € ammonialyase, proteases; albise sulins, nucleoproteins; cytachrome protein 550, peroxidase 556 and © 566; good source of oxalacetic car- § pyruvic decarboxylase; sinapoyl-8- yl-G-C-arabinosyl apigenin and t apigenin-di-C-acylelycosides de- the same di-C-glycoside or its iso- ontained ferulic acid; isoschaftoside, Vicenin-1; a non-toxic, llic protein; isovanillin, vanillin iso- anti- the germ/seedlings. (Treatise, Vol. 6, pp. 81-82) Hes, therapeutic uses tc. is the widely used as a principal of man in the world. Wheat flour making Chapatis and a variety of rations, bidhanyam (freaiierea) ea feat i aaah TET ATIHT—) an: foreafterer: Tomar Aa: 113614 Simbijah, Simbibhavah, Sapyah are synonymous, (etymological derivation) ae wei’ (@ft.) | pert fe | (@f, 2.9.23) | Ic isa pod mous) plane. ewyomin (7! 907 Cs arte Teg a aan: seater: a Santer ert arc fier: 1 Tegra} amaretto: 137 1 Vaidalas are (in the body), vipika, ag, SWESt In faste, cause dryness astringent in taste, pungent in avate vata doga, pacify kapha- Pitta dogas, are ¢onstipative, antidiuretic and are cold in potency, Excepr Mudga and Masiira others will cause distension or flatu- lence. (4) Mudgah qa: (374 Te: (FN) heer es PTE) Wat wait ergata aamaferradt fee: | Tagreubetett eat STEM SATETT 113 8 1 Werth agian: varat eta: Wiener | Sato tary ye: yal ry: Ae: 113.91 qa ya: Greet eee wee TA: arene haragsa Us Tet TMA: 114011 Mudga has drying property, is laghu, as- tringentin action, pacifies kapha-pirta dosas, is cold in potency, sweet in taste and slighdly aggravates vata dosa and is beneficial to eyes, and is useful in fever, Wild variety has similar properties. Mudga is of various types (according to colour of seeds) viz, Syama, Harita, Pita, Svera and Rakta. Among these each preceeding one more digestible than its succeeding one. Suéruta says, that the green variety has the best properties among all. Caraka and others also have the same opinion.