CONFIDENTIAL EMIJUN 2016/MECS51 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : THERMAL ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : MEC551 EXAMINATION : JUNE 2016 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (4 Questions) PART B (3 Questions) 2. ‘Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. iS) Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of ‘) the Question Paper an Answer Bookiet - provided by the Faculty lil) a Property Tables Booklet ~ provided by the Faculty iv) atwo—page Appendix 1 5. Answer ALL questions in English, DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists oF 6 printed pages (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA ‘CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 2 EM/JUN 2016/MEC5S1 PART A (Answer ALL questions) QUESTION 1 a) b) Explain the meaning of thermal resistance. Sketch a complete thermal resistance network for a steady one-dimensional heat transfer through a plane wall of a furnace that is exposed to convection and radiation heat transfer at the inner side and convection heat transfer at the outer side by assuming surrounding temperature of T.; and T.2 and wall surface temperatures of T; and T, respectively. (5 marks) Consider a man with skin layer of thickness L = 3 mm. The effective thermal conductivity of the skin layer is 0.3 Wim.K. The effective body surface area of the man is 1.8 m and the average body temperature is 35°C, If the man is standing in a surrounding with an air temperature of 10°C and convection heat transfer coefficient, h = 2 Wim?.K, determine: ') the heat loss from the man’s body if he is not wearing a coat, and ii) the required thickness of the coat (material thermal conductivity of 0.014 Wim.k) that is needed to limit the heat loss to only 60 W from the body. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 a) b) Explain the design and operation of a car radiator from the perspective of heat exchanger engineering. (6 marks) ‘An energy efficient house uses geothermal source to heat the house during cold weather. The heating system design uses a simple double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger to transfer heat from the geothermal water to cold water that flows under the floor. ‘The cold water (c, = 4.18 ki/kg'K) is heated from 20 °C to 70°C at a rate of 0.85 kg/s and the hot geothermal water (c, = 4.31 kJ/kg'K) is supplied at a rate of 1.5 kg/s at 130 °C. The inner tube of the heat exchanger is to be considered as a thin-walled pipe with a diameter of 5.0 cm, Determine the length of the heat exchanger required to achieve the desired heating if the overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is 590 Wim? K. (10 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL a) EMIJUN 2016/MECS51 QUESTION 3 a) State the definitions of stoichiometric air and excess air in combustion analysis. Also, explain what will happen if the quantity of air supplied to a combustion process is lower than stoichiometry. (5 marks) b) Agaseous fuel with a composition of 40 percent by volume of methane and 60 percent by volume of propane is burned in stoichiometric amount of air. If the reactants and Products are assumed at standard reference states, calculate the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for this gas fuel and then determine the enthalpy of combustion for the process. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 a) Explain three physical factors that influence the comfort level of a human being in air- conditioning appiication. (5 marks) b) Treated air flows into an adiabatic mixing chamber as shown in Figure Q4. The treated air mixes with fresh air and exits as a single stream conditioned air. Based on the system parameters for treated air and fresh air given in the diagram, i) starting from the mass and energy balance equations, determine the enthalpy and specific humidity of the conditioned air, and ji) then, using the PSYCROMETRIC CHART, determine the temperature and relative humidity of the conditioned air and comment on its comfort level. (10 marks) TREATED AIR (state 1) MIXING CHAMBER a = - CONDITIONED AIR i a (state 3) n= Py=1atm FRESH AIR (state 2) Py = 101.3 kPa T,=30°C 2 = 60% k, hag = 40 Figure 4 (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 4 EMIJUN 2016/MECSS1 PART B (Answer two (2) questions only out of the following three (3) questions) QUESTION 1 Consider steady-state heat transfer in an L-shaped plate with the cross-section as shown in Figure Q5. Each sub-divided section is at Ax = Ay. The thickness is L and heat transfer in the z-direction is negligible. The thermal conductivity of the plate is k, and heat is uniformly generated in the body at a rate of g = 500 Wim’. A uniform heat flux of ga = 1000 Wim’ is Subjected to the top surface. Two of the plate surfaces are influenced by convection while the bottom surface is fully insulated. Using numerical method for heat transfer, obtain the equations describing the temperatures for nodes 2, 3, 5, 6 and 9. (20 marks) Figure QS ‘© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 2 EM/JUN 2016/MECS51 Figure Q2 shows a hot water flows at 140°C with a velocity of 0.72 mis over a cold plate whose temperature is 20 °C. The length, L and width, W of the plate is 0.5 m and 0.2 m respectively, Ve 0.72 mis — — —= direction > Water at 140°C Cold Piate at 20°C <—_——_ =05m > Figure Q2 Table @2 gore | coc | Sorc | aoc Density, p 971 983, 988 992 Thermal Conductivity, | 9 g7 sesial oeraal oes Kk | Prandtl Number, Pr 2.22 2.99 3.55 4.32 Kinematic Viscosity, » | 0.000355 | 0.000467 | 0.000547 | 0.000653 | Using reference data from Table Q2, i) Calculate the location where turbulence begins (Xu). ii) Analyze the distribution of the flow thermo-physical properties such as the Reynolds number, the velocity boundary layer, the thermal boundary layer, and the friction coefficient, C;for 3 loce is; (i) X = 0.1 m, (il) Xenica and (ill) X = L. Sketch separate plots of the thermal boundary layer and friction coefficient, C, profiles against x- direction. Briefly discuss their correlation, iil) Calculate the rate of heat transfer over the entire plate (in kW). (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA ‘CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL, 6 EM/JUN 2016/MECS51 QUESTION 3 A cascade refrigeration system that is shown in Figure Q3 uses Refrigerant-134a as the working fluid in both lower and upper cycles. In the lower cycle, the refrigerant flows at 0.5 kg/s and it exits the evaporator at the pressure of 100 kPa and the temperature of -20°C. The refrigerant is compressed to 320 kPa by a Low Pressure Compressor (LPC) before it enters a counter-flow heat exchanger where the heat from the lower cycle is transferred to. the upper cycle. The upper cycle refrigerant enters the heat exchanger at 280 kPa, it leaves at the temperature of 0°C and then it is compressed by a High Pressure Compressor (HPC) to 600 kPa. Assuming the isentropic efficiency of the LPC and HPC are 80% and the refrigerant enters the upper cycle and lower cycle throttling valves at saturated liquid state, sketch the temperature-entropy and pressure-enthalpy diagram of the whole process, i) Calculate the mass flow rate of the refrigerant leaving the condenser,” (kg/s). ii) Calculate the cooling capacity (kW). iil) Determine the refrigeration Coefficient of Performance, and then compare it with the maximum achievable Coefficient of Performance for this cycle. (20 marks) ——_ 3 Condenser |-—+ Sxpansion valve vee Heat Exchanger 8 . 5 3 * 2 Expansion . vive” | re » Evaporator » 4 1 Figure Q3 END OF QUESTION PAPER © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 4(1) EM/JUN 2016/MECES1 REFERENCE FORMULA’S IN THERMAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS a) 1 arg Psi og k T-T, “oe Rah Nu, = 0.664 Re® Pr! | Nu, = (0.037 Re®*~871)Pr"? Ra=Gr-Pr (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(2) EM/JUN 2016/MECSS1 Q=U-A-AT, AT, = FAT yao, in fo Coin c= Sai Com . mg +m, OM, + OM, | mgs +m, | L pita h — _ (© Hak Cipta Univorsiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,