‘An aircraft fes at a constant height. ‘Air drag and the force from the aircraft's engines together produce a force on the aircraft of 38 kN ‘due north, as shown in Fig. 1.4. The wind produces a force of 12kN towards the east. north, 36KN A2KN EN Fig. 1.1 (not to scale) (a) Drawa scale drawing to show the resultant force acting on the aircraft. Use your drawing fo determine the size of the resultant force and the angle between the resultant force and north, size of resultant force = ... Bing a pes3 {b) The acceleration of the aircraft is uniform. (i) Describe how a uniform acceleration differs from a non-uniform acceleration. (ii) The mass of the aircraft is 60000kg. Calculate the acceleration of the aircraft. acceleration =Fig. 8.1 shows a stationary horse and its rider, about to jump over two fences, et (a) Fig. 8.2 shows a side view of the horse. Fig. 8.2 (i) On Fig. 8.2, draw-and tabel the forces acting an the horse. Include the force that the rider exerts on the horse. Label this force F. 8 (ii) Explain how Newton's third law applies to force F.{b) Fig. 8.3 shows a side view of the twa fances. They both have the same height and a uniform density, Fig. 8.3 (On each fence in Fig. 8.3, mark with a cross the centre of mass. 2 ) Explain why a wider base makes the fence more stable. ee ee ee | (c) The total mass of the horse and rider is 520kg. (i) As they approach a fence, the horse and rider have a total kinetic energy of 4000 J. Calculate their speed. ) The centre of mass of the horse and rider is 1.4m above tha ground. ‘The maximum potential energy gained by the horse and rider as they jump over the fence is 3000J. Calculate the maximum height above the ground of the centre of mass during the jump, ‘The gravitational field strength g JONTkg.Section A ‘Answer alll the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided. (a) (i) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity. (b) Fig. 1.1 shows the direction and size of two vectors P and a ee. Fig. 1.1 In the space next to Fig. 1.1, draw a labelled vector diagram to shaw the resultant vector obtained by adding vector P to vector Q. Drew vector P, vector Q and the resultant vector to the same scale asin Fig. 1.1 Total: 5)2 Acarapproaches a set of traffic lights. The lights change to red at time t= 0. Fig. 2.1 shows howthe speed of the car changes with time. 24: speed ay mis. 16: 12; Fig. 2.1 (a) The car starts to slow down a short time after the lights change to red. car starting to slow down. Determine the time between the lights changing to red and iu (b) (i) State what is meant by uniform acceleration. Speen tron 1) (ii) State how Fig. 2.1 shows that the deceleration of the car between t= 2s and f= 7s is non-uniform. rob skis ahaa ro} {e) Determine the distance the car travels from the moment the car starts to slow down until it stops.3 Fig. 3.1 shows @ small Brick hanging fram @ newton meter. Fig.3.1 ‘The reading on the newian meter is 3.0N. (a) Describe how the reading on the newton meter is used to find the mass of the brick (b) The same brick and newton meter are used in the apparatus shawn in Fig. 3.2. The meter rule is pivoted at its centre and is balanced. The reading en the newton meter is not shown. Fig.32 OucLes 2031 soswanaaaat5 i) State the principie of moments for @ body in equilibrium. (ii) Determine the reading on the newton meter shown in Fig. 3.2. reading = .... - (6) A beaker of water is placed 90 thet the brick is parlly submerged in the water. as shown in Fig. 3.3. The apparatus is adjusted to keep the rule horizontal. Fig.33 Suggest why the reading on the nawion meter is less than your answer in (bi).‘Answer twe questions from this section, Answe# in the spaces provided 9 (8) Fig. 8.4 represents the conversion of energy in a mobile phone. a —o - = oe ~ bttery mobile phone Fig. 9.4 (i) State the form of energy stored in the battery - 1 il), State the useful form of outpul energy trom the: battery (ili) State two usetul forms af output energy from the mabile phone. (b) When the battery is in use, the average current is 1_3mA, Determine the charge that passes through the battery in a time of 2.0 minutes, change =15 fc) A student estimates the thermal energy produced in the battery when the maltile phone is used and uses this value to estimate the efficiency of the battery. He maasures a temperature rise of 5.0°C within the battery ins period of time when the useful energy output from the battery is 5200. ‘The mass of the battery is 110g and ita specific heat capacity is 830/(kg"C). fi) Calculate the thermal energy (heal) needed to raise the temperature of the baliery by $.0°C. thermal energy 8 ae LD (ii) State what is meant by efficiency. Gil) Calculate the efficiency of the battery efficiency = - (2 tiv) Suggest and explain one reason why the value for the aficiency calculated in (ii) is larger than the actual effitency of the battery.Answer alll the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided. Fig. 1.1 shows the thinking distance and the braking distance for a car being driven alang a dry road and along a wet road at the same speed. thinking distance braking distance ‘dry road 18m 43m strana Fig. 1.4 fa) Calculate the total stopping distance for the car on the wet road. (>) Complete the sentence. The thinking distance is the distance travellad between sesing a hazard and Piet terete (| (e) @) Suggest why the thinking distance is the same on both roads. {li) Explain why the braking distance is larger when the road is wet.2 Astudent parforms an experiment to mark the centre of mass C on a thin piece of card. There are two holes in the card. Fig. 2.1 shows the card and two lines that the student draws on the card. key ‘O=hole (C= centre of mass Fig. 24 (a) Describe a method used to draw these two lines in their correct positions on the card. Make clear what extra apparatus is needed. You may draw a diagram, if you wish.(b) The student holds the card locsely between her fingers. The card is vertical, resting with its lower edge-on g bench as shown in Fig. 2.2. Fig.2.2 ‘The card is tilted slightly, as shown in Fig. 2.3, and then released. Fig.2.3 ‘When angle @ is small, the card falls clockwise, back to the positian shawn in Fig. 2.2 @) Explain why the card falls anticlockwise when @ is large. (ii) State one change to the card that makes it more stable. 1 Trott 6)6 A student suspends 3 spring from a supoort. He attaches different loads to the lower end of the spring. For each nad attached, ha measures the extension of the spring. Fig. 3.1 shows the extensiontoad graph obtained. 60. 5.0 extension ‘cm 40 30 20 10 load /N Fig. 34 (a) The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the load. State the two features of the graph that show this, ies, 2.(c) The spring is used in a simple device known as an accelerometer, shown in Fig. 3.2 5.0kg mass eral direction of the smooth acceleration surface oe Fig. 3.2 ‘The spring is fixed at ona end and attached to. mass of 5.0kq atthe other end. ‘The mass rests on a smooth, horizontal surface. There is no friction batween the mass and the surface, ‘The whole device is placed ina car. ‘The car accelerates and the student notices that the extension of the spring is 2.0cm. Using Fig. 3.1, calculate the acceleration of the car. acceleration = [otat: 7]