Architectural Consideration, , Building Laws © croup 2: “Y Co, Sherike Denise F. Dimepiis, Bernard Ace S. Manalad, Bon Jeremy A Nicol. John MileArchitectural Consideration 4 One of the least understood and most often neglected aspects of building design is the need for adequate space for installation, maintenance, and future modifications of the mechanical systems, +A mechanical system must suit the building functionally. There must be ample space for installation of ducts, pipes, and terminal units, in addition to the other systems involving ceiling space ‘and shafts. Mechanical systems operate for many years, and components will fal and must be replaced Mechanical space can sometimes be reduced in large systems if the air-handling unit is field built instead of factory built, This is because factory-built equipment is generally short and wide, owing to manufacturing ‘economies and transportation issues. Itis important that outside air intakes and exhaust systems be adequately seperated. Placement of ‘outside air intakes has become more critical as ‘demands for appropriate air quality are made. Avoid loading docks, plan for wind effects, and consider ‘other facilities that are nearby.Architectural Consideration 4 Site selection and analysis - the process of evaluating potential building sites based on factors such as accessibility, zoning regulations, topography. environmental impact, and infrastructure, Zoning and building codes compliance - ensuring that the building design meets local zoning regulations and building codes relsted to structural integrity, safety, accessibility, and environmental sustainability Accessibility and universal design - designing buildings that are accessible and usable by people with disabilities and incorporating universal design principles to make the building accessible to a wide Environmental sustainability - designing buildings that minimize their environmental impact and promote sustainable practices, such as using energy-efficient systems, reducing water usage, and Using environmentally friendly materials. Building orientation and solar orientation - orienting the building to maximize solar heating and cooling purposes and to take advantage of natural ight. Energy efficiency and conservation - designing and implementing energy-efficient systems and practices to reduce the building's energy consumption and carbon footprint. exposure forArchitectural Consideration 4 Water conservation and management - designing and implementing water-efficient systems and practices to reduce the building's water consumption and promote sustainable water management. Building materials and construction techniques - selecting materials and construction techniques that promote sustainability, durability, and energy efficiency. Structural integrity and safety - designing buildings that are structurally sound and safe for ‘occupants and vistors. Fire protection and life safety - incorporating fre protection systems and life safety features such as fire alarms, sprinkler systems, and emergency exits, ‘Acoustics and sound control - designing buildings with proper acoustic properties and sound. control measures to reduce noise pollution and provide a comfortable environment for occupants. Lighting and illumination - designing buildings with proper lighting ang illumination to enhance visual comfort and energy efficiency, Indoor air quality and ventilation - designing buildings with proper ventilation and air quality control systems to promote a healthy indoor environment.Architectural Consideration 4 ‘Thermal comfort and climate control - designing buildings with proper heating, cooling, and climate control systems to maintain thermal comfort for occupants, Building automation and controls - incorporating building automation and control systems to manage energy consumption, lighting, and other building systems. ‘Space planning and organization - designing spaces that are functional, efficient, and conducive to the intended use of the building Circulation and wayfinding - designing buildings with proper circulation and waytinding systems to facilitate movement and navigation throughout the building, Ergonomics and human factors - designing buildings that are ergonomic and comfortable for ‘occupants, taking into account human factors such as body size, mobility, and sensory perception. ‘Aesthetics and visual impact - designing buildings that are visually appealing and harmonious with the surrounding environment.* Historic preservation and contextual design - designing buildings that respect and preserve istoric of cultural context while meeting modern building standards and requirements, + Budget and cost control - designing buildings that are cost-effective and within the project budget. ‘+ Maintenance and operation - designing buildings that are easy to maintain and operate over the long term. + Future floxibility and adaptability - dosigning buildings that can adapt to changing needs and usos over time, * Security and access control - designing buildings with proper security and access control measures to ensure the safety of occupants and visitors,‘+ The Mechanical system of a building ~ heating, ventilation and air conditioning ~ provides indoor environmental comfort to occupants by maintaining thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air duality. Mechanical systems provide ventilation, reduce air infitration, and maintain pressure relationships between spaces. The design, installation, and control systems of these functions are often integrated into one or more systems. * Service designers and mechanical engineers analyze, design and specify the mechanical system installation and modification requirements,Buildin Materials Primary Heating and/or Cooling Units: Air Distribution: * Cooling Equipment. Chillers, Cooling Towers, * Ductwork. Insulation and support Condensers, Pumps, Packaged Equipment * Air Outlets. Grills and louvers + Heating Equipment. Boilers, Furnaces, pumps. chimneys, flues and vent piping * Energy Source. Oil, Gas, Electric, Solar, nother Water Distribution: alternative fuel, or a combination * Piping Insulation and Support. Primary Air Handling Equipment: Controls: = Air Handling Fans + Temperature. Air and water flow ‘Air Handling Equipment. Heating end control equipment. Cooling Water Coils, Refrigerant Coils,Buildin Materials Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are equipped with fans, which serve as cooling and air circulating devices. Fans are of great significance in HVAC systems, However, not each cooling or ventilation activity is performed by one type of fan. HVAC systems are ‘often designed for result-centric output and therefore for different activities, and performance parameters, different types of fans are used in an HVAC system, Different Types of Fans and Their Roles in HVAC System: ‘Axial Fans - In this type of fan the blades are attached parallel to the direction of the rotor axis In an HVAC system, the axial fans are used for cooling or diluted ventilation purposes, These can be AC/DC powered ‘Tube Axial Fans: In those fans. the fan blades are enclosed in @ tube from the outer tips. This generates consistent airflow. These fans are used for consistent cooling and unitrm ar volume output Vane Axial Fans: These fans consists of vanesipockets betwoen the blades. This helps in directing the flow of air without creating swirl motion, These fans are ideal for variable flow cooling and ventilation applications Centrifugal Fans: The centrifugal fans consists of blades aligned 90° to the axis of the rotor. The construction of these fans resembles the hamster wheel, These fons are suitable for generating high-volume ai for cooling and ventilation a These fans use centrituge action to inerease the Volume of air and dliverhigh pressure, high volume ai output ications‘Section 104. General Building Requirements. (2) All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all respects to the principles of the safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which they ere designed. (0) Buildings or structures intended manufacture and/or production of any kind of article or product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards (6) Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all {aclities found therein shall be maintained in safe, sanitary and to be used for the ‘good working condition Presidential Decree No. 1096 Section 214. Dangerous and Rt Structures. 1ous Buildings or Dangerous buildings are those which are herein declared as such or are structurally unsafe or not provided with safe egress, or which constitute a fire hazard, or are othenvise dangerous to human life, or which in relation to existing use constitute @ hazard to safety or heelth or public welfare because of inadequate maintenance, _dilapidation, obsolescence, or abandonment; or which otherwise contribute to the pollution of the site or the community to an intolerable degree.801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation R) Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and View, and to the provisions of this part of the Code, every building shall be designed, constructed, and equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation (b) All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been duly approved (€) No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of ‘any room or the relative area of windows to less then that provided for buildings under this Code, or to create an additional room, unless such ‘additional room conforms to the requirements of this Code, (4) No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard would be less than that prescribed for such building, Presidential Decree No. 1096 ‘Section 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms. (@) Minimum space shall be provided as follows: 1 School Rooms. 3.00 cubic meters with 1,00 square meter of floor area per person; 2, Workshops, Factories, and Offices. 12.00 cubic meters of ‘space per person: 3. Habitable rooms. 14,00 cubic meters of space per person,Building Bection 808. Window Openings. (@) Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system as herein specified in this Code, shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area of ‘openings equal to at least ten percent of the floor area of room, and such window shall open direc or alley, or open water courses. Section 811. Artificial Ventilation (a) Rooms or spaces housing industrial or heating equipment shall be provided with rtficial means of ventilation to prevent ly toa court, yard, public street excessive accumulation of hot and/or polluted air. (b) Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the equipment shall bbe designed and constructed to meet the following minimum requirements in air changes: Presidential Decree No. 1096 1 For rooms entirely above grade and used for office, clerical or administrative purposes, or as stores, sales rooms, restaurants, markets, f ges of aiper hour shall be provided 2. For rooms entirely above grade and used restaurant kitchens, laundries other than accessory to dwell rot less than ten changes of air per hour shall be ies, workshops, or machinery rooms, not less than three Keres, hotel or ‘and bole provided. 3. For auditoriums and other rooms used for assembly purposes, with ic metres ofa jadations ~ not less than 0:2 er minute shal be supplied for each person. 4, For wards and dormitories of institutional bull minute shall be supplied for each person = not less than (0.45 cubie meter of air accommodates. 5. For other rooms or spaces not specifically covered under this Section of the ble pr Engineering Code, shal be folowed. jsions of the Philippine Mechanical