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    NSCP 6101-15 Chapter 5 STRUCTURAL STEEL NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES VOLUME | BUILDINGS, TOWERS AND OTHER VERTICAL STRUCTURES SEVENTH EDITION, 2015 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. ‘Suite 713, Future Point Plaza Condominiam 1 112 Panay Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines 1100 Tel. No. : (+632) 410-0483 Fax No: (669) 411-8606 aseponline@email.com Websarhpue aseponline.org, "National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edtion, 2018 CHAPTER §—Structival Steel 5: Table of Contents PAR 1 - SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL MEMBERS. SYMBOLS... DEFINITIONS. SECTION 501 - GENERAL PROVISIONS ssn BOLI Scope renmn 501.2. Referenced Specifications, Codes end Standards 501.3 Matera soe SOLA. Structural Design Drawings and Specific SECTION 502 - DESIGN REQUIREMENTS.. 502.1 General Provisions. 302.2. Loads and Load Combinstions. 5023 Design Basis : 502.4 Classification of Sections for Local Buckling. 5025 Farcaton, Ereton and Qusity Conta 502.6. Evaluotion of Existing Structure... SECTION 503 - STABILITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN .. 503.1 Stability Design Requirements... ose 503.2 Calculation of Required Strengths sn SECTION 504 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR TENSION 504.1 Slenderness Limitations 504.2 Tensile Strength 504.3 Area Determination, 504.4 Built-up Members. 504.5 Pin-Connected Meml 5046 Eyeba.. 505.1 Gencral Provisions coon 5052 Slendemess Limitations and Efe . ' 4505.3. Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of Members Without Slender Flements 508.4 Compressive Strength for ‘Torsional and Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Members without Slender Elements... 5-55 505.5 Single Ancle Compression Meriter. = " 8 505.6 Built-up Members 505.7 Menibers with Slender Elements. SECTION 506 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE... 306.1 General Provisions. 1506.2 Doubly Symmetric Compact I-Shaped Members aad Channels Rent about their Major Axis 5306.3 Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Members with Compact Webs and Noneampact or Slender Flanges Bent about Major Axis... 5064 Other I-Shaped Members with Compact or Noncumpaet Webs Bent about their Major AX ‘ 506.3 Doubly Symmetric and Singly Symmetric Shaped Members with Slender Wcbs Bent about their Major AXIS...S-67 ‘306.6 Shaped Members and Channels Bent about theit Minor A3 ss een 506.7 Square and Rectangular HSS and Boxeshaped Members. 506.8 Round HSS. 506.9 Tees and Double Angles Loaded in the Plane of Symmetry... Aseoclation of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (As 5.2 CHAPTER $~ Structural Steel 506,10 Singie Angles. 506.11 Rectangular Bars and Rounds 5016.12 Unsymmetrical Shapes.. 306.13 Proportions of Beams and Gites SECTION 507 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR SHEAR... 507.1 General Provisions ‘Members with Unstiffened or Stiffened Webs. ‘Tension Field Action... Single ANgIES wrereesn Rectangular HSS and Box Members. Round HSS... ‘Weak Axis Shear in Singly and Doubly: Syameti ‘Shapes... Beams and Girders with Web Openings. SECTION 508 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMBINED FORCES AND TORSION ... 508.1 Doubly and Singly Symmetric Members Subject to Flexure and Axial PForee.. 508.2 Unsymmetrie and other Members Subject te Flexure and Axis! Poree... 508.3 Members under Torsion and Combined Torsion, Flexure, Shear andior Axial Force. SECTION 509 - DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS... 509.1 General Provisions 509.2 Axial Members 509.3. Flexnral Members... ‘509.4 Flexural Strength of Concrete-Encased end Filled Memb... 509.5 Combined Axial Foree and Flenure... - 509.6 Special Cases... SECTION 510 - DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS .e.enmneananennan 510.1 General Provisions 5102 Welds, 510.3 Bolts and Threaded Pars S104 Affected Elements of Members and Comes Elements... 5105. Fillers. 510.6 Splices 510.7 Bearing Strength. 310.8 Columa Bases and Bearing on Concrete. 510.9. Anchor Rods and Embedments.. 510.10 Flanges and Webs with Concentrated Forces SECTION 511 - DESIGN OF HSS AND BOX MEMBER CONNECTIONS. S111 Concentrated Forees on HSS. S112 HSS-1u-HSS Truss Connections. 3113 HSS-to-SS Moment Connections... SECTION 512 - DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY so. 512.4 General Provisions. 5122 Camber uenns 5123 Deflections. 5124 Drift. 512.5 Vibration... 512.6 Wind-Induced Motion... 512.7 Expansion and Contraction. 512.8 Connection Slip. ‘Assozlation of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc (ASEP) CHAPTER 5 - Structural Stee! SECTION 513 - FABRICATION, ERECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL nance 518.1 Shop and Frection Drawings... 513.2 Fabrication . 313.3. Shop Painting 5134 Erection, 5135 Quality Contol APPENDIX A - INELASTIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN... AcLL General Provisions. AcL2 Materials... A-13 Moment Ri A14 Local Buckling... Ac1S. Stability and Second-Order Effects, A-1.6 Columns and Other Compression Members AcL.7. Beams and Orher Flexural Members AcL8 Members under Combined Forces. AcL9- Connections. APPENDIX A-2 - DESIGN FOR PONDING. A-21 Simplified Design for Ponding... ‘A-22. Improved Design for Ponding APPENDIX A-3 - DESIGN FOR FATIGUE... AB General Provisions... A-32_ Caleulation of Maximum Stresses and Stress Ranges. ABS. Design Stress Range. A34_ Bolts and Threaded Parts ARS. Special Fabrication and Erection Requireraents APPENDIX A-4 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR FIRE CONDITIONS wns AA.L General Provisions. ssn ‘442. Structural Design for Fie ends by Anais A-43_ Design by Qunlification Testing APRPNDIX A-5 ~ EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES .cesesnorsssonsstnnnnnsn ASA General Provisions, ‘A-5.2. Material Properties... ‘A53__Evaluation by Stuctural Analysis. A-SA. Fyaluation by Load Tests. ASS. Evaluation Repo . APPENDIX A-6 - STABILITY BRACING FOR COLUMNS AND BEAMS... A641 General Provisions. 6.2. Columns, AGS. Beams APPENDIX A-T- DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD. ADL. General Requirements... A-T2 Notional Loads... 7 4-73 Design-Analysis Constraints... National Stuctural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Exltlon, 2015 54 CHAPTERS - Suuctu PART 2A - SEISMIC PROVISION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS. SYMBOLS sw snnse PART 28 SECTION S14 - STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDING PROVISIONS .. S141 Scope. : « . ‘SECTION 518 - REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS mmo SECTION 516 - GENERAL SEISMIC DESICN REQUIREMENTS. SECTION 517 - LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMSNAL STRENGTHS. 517.1 Loads and Load Combinations 517.2 Nominal Strength... SECTION 518 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS, SHOP DRAWINGS, AND ERECTION DRAWINGS. $181 Stra Desan Drawings and Specie 5182 Shop Drawings 5183. Erection Drawings. SECTION $19 - MATERIALS ... 519.1 Material Specifications, 519.2 Material Properties for Determination fe irod Bena ‘of Members and Connections 519.3 Heavy Section CVN Requirements... SECTION 520 - CONNECTIONS, JOINTS, AND FASTENERS, $20.1 Sooper 20.2 Bolted Joints 5203 Welded Joints 520 Protceted Zone... $205 Continuity Plates and Suiffeners SECTION 521 - MEMBERS. SUL Scope... S212 Classificat of Seton fr Les Busting 521.3 Colma Strength... ‘i 521.4 Column Splices $21. Column Pases. 521.6 H-Piles, SECTION A- MOMENT FRAME SYSTEMS. ocnncneeeon SECTION A3 - SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (SMP). 522.1 Scope. 5222 Beam-to-Columin Connections. $22.3 Panel Zone of Beam to Cofurmn Comes e 522.4 Beam and Columa Limitations. 522. Continwity Plates... 5226 Column-Beam Moment Ratio oe 522.7 Leterai Bracing at Beam-to-Column Connections 0 522.8 Lateral Bracing of Beans... prone 522.9. Column Splices ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Fhiliopines, inc. (ASEP) 56 CHAPTER §~ Structural Stee! $28.9. Protected 2002. esi 528,10 Demand Critical Weld SECTION B.4- BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACED FRAMES (BRBF).... 529.1 Scope. 529.2 Bracing Members... 529.3. Bracing Connections 5294 Special Requirements 529.5 Beams and Columns 529.6 Protected Zone, SECTION BS - SPECIAL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (SPSW)..es 530.1. Scope. 5302 Webs. 1530.3 Connections of Webs Boundary Elements. 530.4 Horizontal and Vertical Boundary Elements... ‘SECTION C.- COMPOSITE MOMENT-FRAME SYSTEMS SECTION C.1 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OBF). SFCTION C.2 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-SCBF). SECTION C.3 - COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-EBF) «revo SECTION C4 ~ COMPOSITE ORDINARY SHEAR WALLS (C-OSW) ome SECTION C.5 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL SHEAR WALLS (C-SSW) enw SECTION C.6 — COMPOSITE PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-PSW) SECTION §31 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN.. SBLI Scopes . BL. PREQUALIFICATION OF BEAM-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS wo SCOPE ne : at General Requirements. “Testing Requirements... 1 2 3 4. Prequalification Variables. 5 6 Design Procedure. Prequalification Record... B-2, QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN seman B21 Scope... B-2.2_ Inspection and Nondestructive Testing Personnel 8-23 Conicactor Documents, B-2.4 Quality Assurance Agency Documents B25 Laspeetion Points and Frequencies. B-3. SEISMIC DESIGN COEFFICIENTS AND APPROXIMATE PERIOD PARAMETERS. B31 Scope. B32 Symbols. : Bt, QUALIFYING CYCLIC TESTS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS ..5-200 Bal ss 5-200 B4z 5-200 B43 Definitions. 5-200 B44 Test Subassemblage Requirements 5-200 Bod 5 Essential Test Variables evn 5-201 5-202 B-46 Loading History Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Ine, (ASEP) 5-8 CHAPTER § ~ Structural Steot 538.3 Nominal Strength of Connections. SECTION 539 - COMPOSITE PARTIALLY RESTRAINED (PR) MOMENT FRAMES (C-PRMF)... 539.1 Scope. 539.2. Columns 539.3 Comipesite Beams... 5394 Moment Connections SECTION 540 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES. cs SMP) se SAD. Seope S402. Columns... 5403. Beams 340.4 Moment Connections 540.5 Column-Beam Moment Ratio... SECTION 541 - COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (C-IMF) . SALA Scope.. S412 Columns nn S413 Beams... S414 Moment Conn: SECTION $42 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES (C-OMI) 542.1 Scope 5422 Columns 542.3 Beats S424. Moment Connections - SECTION 543 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (coon. SABA Scope ncn 543.2 Columns ann 5433 Beams... 543.4 Braces... 543.5 Connections... : SECTION $44 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OBP) 0. S441 Scope... 844.2. Columns... $443 Beams. 3444 Braces... S445. Connections... SECTION 545 - COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-EBF). SASL Scope orn S452 Columns... 3453. Links... S454 Braces... 545.5 Connections. SECTION 546 - ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS | (C-ORCW)..00 524 SAG. Scope nnn S224 546.2 Boundary Members 5224 5463 Steel Coupling Beams... 546.4 Encased Composite Coupling Beams. ‘Association of Structural Engingers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) CHAPTERS Stuctural Steel 5.6 SECTION $47 - SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (CSRCW) cnn 5-225 A 5.225 5472 Boundary Members. 5.225 547.3. Steel Coupling Beams.. 5.226 547.4 Encased Composite Coupling Beans SECTION $48 - COMPOSITE STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-SPW) SABE SeOPE ces on in $48.2 Wall Elements. 548.3 Boundary Memben S484 Openings aon. SECTION $49- STRUCTURAL DESIGN DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS, SHOP DRAWINGS, AND ERECTION DRAWINGS enone SECTION 550 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN PART 3 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS SYMBOLS. SECTION $81 - GENERAL PROVISIONS, 3541_Seope, Appleby and Detitons. 5512. Material. 551.3 Loads... S514 Allowable Strengtt Design . $51.5. Load and Resistance Factor Design... 551.7 Yield Stress and Strength Increase from Cold Work of Posing.» S518. Servivesbility . sn 5519 Referenced Documents SECTION §52 - ELEMENTS. 352 Dimensional Limits and Considerations $52.2. Effective Widths of Stiffened Elemens... 552.3 Fifective Widths of Unstflened Element... 5524 Bilective Width of Unifocmly Compressed Elements with a Simple Lip Ealge Stilfener 522.5. Bffective Widths of Stiffened Flemenis with Single o> Multiple letermediate Stifteners oc Edge Stffened Elements with intermediate Stifienen) ... z se ‘SECTION 553 - MEMBERS. $53.1 Properties of Sections 553.2. Tension Members, 553.3) Plexural Members o.oo. 5534 Concentricslly Louled Compression Members 553.5 Combined Axial Load and Bending... SECTION 554 - STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIESAND SYSTEMS ...0 554.1 Built-Up Sections 5542 Mixed Systems. ' 354.3. Lateral and Stability Bracing... 554.4 Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Consteuetion. 5545 Floor, Roof, or Wall Steel Diaphragm Construction... 584.6 Metal Roof and Wall System., "National Structural Code of the Philppines Volume I, 7th Ediion, 2019. 5-40 CHAPTER 5-~ Structural Stea! SECTION 555 - CONNECTIONS AND JOINTS. 555.1 Genecal Provisions 3532 5553 555.1 Serew Connections 555.5 Ruptute.. 555.5. Connecting 1 Orher Materials SECTION 556 - TESTS FOR SPECIAL CASES 556.1 Tests for Determining Structural Performence... 5562 Tests for Confirming Structural Performance . 15563 Tests for Determining Mechanical Properties. SECTION 557 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND CONNECTIONS FOR CYCLIC LOADING (FATIGUE). . renee 308 S5TA General neem 5308 $572 Gaetan Manin Sees a Sues Ranges. 5-310 5873 Desiga Stress Range... 3574. Bolts and Threaded Pat 43578. Special Fabrication Requirements SECTION C-1 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STUEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS USING THE DIRECT STRENGTH METHOD crecrrsnnennnnssnnnnnn C-1__ Design of Cold-Formed Stee! Structural Members Using the Direct Strength Method... SECTION C-2 - SECOND-ORDER ANALYSIS. 10 2.1 General Requirements 22 Design and Analysis Constraints. SECTION C3 - ADDITIONAL PROVISION: CBA Scope nnn C32 Other Steels... C33 Loads... C34. Referenced Documents. C35. Tension Members. C36. Light Frame Steel Comsiuction 3.7 Welded Convection... €38 Bolted Connections C39 Rupture... Association of Structural Engineers of the Philipines, Inc. (ASEP} ‘This Chapter includes the following: Past! Specification fo Steel Members Appendix A Part 2A. Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings Appendix B Pat 2B. Seismic Provisions for Composite Structural Steel and Reinforced Conerete Buildings Pat Specifications for Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, Appendix. PART 1 CHAPTER 5 - Structural Steel 5-11 SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL MEMBERS SYMBOLS a= As = Ase Ag - Ag = Ass = Ay = Column cross-sectional area, mm? Total cross-sectional area of ‘member, on Loaded area of concrete, mm? Cross-sectional area of the base meta, om ‘Nominal inthreaded body area of bolt or ‘threaded part, mm? Cross-sectional area of the overlapping branch, mmm Cross-sectional area of the overlapped banc, mm® Azeaof concrete, mm? ‘Area of concrete slab within effective width, mm* ‘Area of an upset rod based on the major tread diameter, mm? Bifective net area, ia? Summation of the effective areas of the cross section based on the reducod effective width, Bg, mim? Area of compression flange, mun” Gross tension flange area, mm ‘Net tension fiange arca, mi ‘Area of tension flange, mny? Gross area of member, mm? Gross area of soction based on design wall ‘thickness, mm? Gross area of composite member, mm? Chord gross area, mm? Gross area subject to shear, mm? [Net area of member, mm? [Net area subject to tension, mri? [Not area subject to shear, sa? Projected bearing area, mm” Azea of adequately developed longitudinal reinforcing steel within the effective widta of the conerete slab, mv? ‘Area of steel cross section, mm? Cross-sectional arca of stud shear connector, mor? Shear area on the failure path, mn? Area of continuous reinforcing bars, mn? Stifener area, max? [Net tensile atea, mix? National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume |. 7ih Edition, 2015 52 CHAPTER 5 Structural Steet ‘Web area, the overall depth times the web thickness, dy, mim™ Effeetive area ofthe veld, mm” Effective aree of weld throat of any dehy ‘wold clement, mm ‘Area of steel concentrically bearing on & concrete support min? Maximum ares’ of the portion of the supporting surface that is. geometically similar te and concentric with the Toaded Overall widh of revtmgular hollow structural sections (HSS) _ member, measured 90° to the plane of the connection, min Overall width of rectangular HSS main member, measured 90° to the plane ofthe connection, mm Factor for later tees and double angles Overall width of rectangular HSS branch member, measured 90° to the plane of the connection, mm Overall braneh width of the overlapping branch, mm Overall branch width of the overlapned branch, mim With of plate, transverse t0 the axis of the main member, mm Width of plate, measiwe 90° to the plane ‘of connection, mam Factors used in determining My for combined bending and axial forces when first-order analysis. is employed HSS torsional constant Lateral-orsional buckling modification factor for non-uniform moment diagrams when hoth ends of the unsupported segment are braced Coetficient relating relative brave stiffness and curvature Constant based on stress category, given in Table SO1-3.1 Coefficient assuring no lateral translation ofthe frame Ponding Nexibility coefficient for primary member in a Mat roof Coetficient for web sidesway buckling ional buckling. in Ponding flexibility coefficient for secondary member in a flat roof ‘Web shear coefficient ‘Warping constant, mim ‘Nominal dead load Gulside diameter of round HSS member, vob Dy diameter, mm. Outside diameter of round HSS main member, mm Chord diameter, mm Outside diameter of round HSS branch member, mm Factor used in Eq, 507.3-3, dependent on the type of transverse stiffeners used in a plate girder In slip-critical connections, a multiplice that reflects the ratio of the mean installed bolt pretension to the specified minimum bolt pretension Modulus of elesticity of steel 200,000 MPa “Modulus of elasticity of concrete Modulus. of elasticity of concrete at clevated temperature, MPa Efestivesiess of composite section, N= Modulus of elasticity of steel at elevated temperature, MPs Available axial stress at the point of consideration, MPa ‘Nominal sirength of the base metal per unit, aree, MPa ‘Available flexural stess at the point of consideration about the major axis, MPa Available flexural stress at the point of consideration sbout the minor axis, MPa Available stress, MPa Critical stress, MPa Buckling stress for the section as determined by analysis, MPa Critical stress about the minor axis, MPa Critical torsional buckling siress, MPa lasticevitical buckling stress, MPa Elastic flexural buckling stress shout the major axis, MPa Electrode classification number, MPa Elastic flexural buckling stress. about the minor axis, MPa Elastic torsional buckling stress, MPa ‘A calculated stress used in the calculation ‘of nominal flexural strength, MPs ‘Nominal torsional strength Nominal tensile stress Fy, oF shear stress, Fyy, from Table 510.3.2, MPa Nominal tensile stress from Table $103.2, MPa Nominal tensile stress modified (o include the effects of shearing stress, MPa Nominal shear siress from Table 510.3.2, MPa Design stress range, MPa Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) Threshold fatigue stress range, maximum sitess range for indefinite design life from Table A-3.1, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of the type of steel being used, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of a stud shear connector, MPs Specified minimum ‘ensile strength of the ‘connected material, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of HSS ‘material, MPa ‘Specified minimum tensile strength of the ‘ype of steel being used at elevated temperature, MPa Nominal strength of the weld meta) per unit area, MPa Nominal stress in any £€A weld element, MPa se eomponent of scwss Fyis MPa _¥ component of stess Fyg, MPa Specified minimum yield stress ofthe type of steel being used, MPa. As used in this Specification, “yield stress” denotes eithor the specified qinimum ick! point (for those steels that have yield point) or specified yield strength (for those steels that do not have a yield point) Specified minimum yield siress of the compression ange, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the column web, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of HSS ‘member material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of HSS ‘main member material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of HSS branch tnember material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the overlapping branch material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the overlapped branch material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the flange, MPa Specitied minimum yield stress ofthe type ‘of stee! being used af elevated temperature, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of plate, MPs Specified minimum yield stress of reinforcing bars, MPs Specified “minimum yield stess of the stiffener material, MPa Specified minimeim yield stress of the web, Mra oH heen CHAPTER 5 Structural Steel 5-13 Sheat modulus of elasticity of stee) 77,200 MPa Story shear produced by the lateral forees used to compute Ay, N Overall height of rectangular HSS member, ‘measured in the plane of the connection, mom Overall beight of rectangular HSS main ‘member, measured in the plane of the connection, mm Plexurat constant Ovetall height of rectangular HSS branch, member, measured in the plane of the ‘connection, mm ‘Overall depth ofthe overlapping branch Moment of inertia in the place of bending, mm Moment of inertia about the axis of bending, mm* Moment of inertia of the concrete section, Moment of inertia of the steel deck supported on secondary members, mn! Moment of inertia of primary members, rut Moment of ineria of secondary members, mm ‘Moment of inertia of stel shape, mm “Moment of inertia of reinforcing bars, mmm* Moment of inetia about the principal axes, Out-of plane moment of inertia, mm’ Minor principal sxis moment of inertia, ‘Moment of inertia about y-axis referned to the compression flange, or if reverse ‘curvature bending referred to smaller flange, mm" Torsional constant, ran — Effective length factor determined in accordance with Section 503 Effective length factor for torsional buckling Effective length factor in the plane of bending, calculated based onthe assumption of no lateral tanslation set ‘equal (0 1.0 unless analysis indicates that a staller value may be used Effective length factor in the plane of bending, calculated based on a sidesway buckling analysis Story height, mm Length of the member, mam Actual length of end-loaded weld, am ‘Nominal occupancy live load National Stuciural Code of the Philippines Volume !, 7th Eution, 2015 514 CHAPTER S~ Structural Steet Laterally unbraced length of a member, Spon length, ram Length of member between work points at truss chord centerlines, mm Length between points that are ile: braced against lateral displacement of compression flange or bascd ageinst twist ofthe eross section, ron Distance between braces, mim “Length of channel shear comeetor, mm ‘Clear distance, in the direction ofthe force, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the adjacent hole or edge of the material, mm Total effcetive weld length of groove and fillet weids to rectangular HSS, rym Limiting laterally unbraced Jength for the limit state of yielding, mm Column spacing in direction of girder, m Limiting laterally unbraced length for plastic analysis, cam Maximum unbraced length for My (the required flexural strength), sam Limiting laterally unbraced length for the fimit state of inelastic. ateral-torsional bucking, mm, Column spacing perpendicular to direction of girder. Distance’ from maximum to 2ef0 shear force, min ‘Absolute value of moment at quarter point fof the unbraced seaent, Nem Required flexural strength in chord, using ASD load combinations, N-samn Absoluie value of moment at centerline of the umbraced segment, Nema Required bracing moment, N-mmi ‘Absolute value of moment at three-quarter point of the unbraced segment, N-rara ‘Available flexural strength determined in ‘accordance with Section 506, Neanm ‘Avtilable flexuraltorsional strength for strong axis. flexure deiermined in ‘accordance with Section 506, Nem Elastic lateral-torsional buckling momert, Nemm First-order moment under LRFD or ASD load combinations caused by leteral translation ofthe frame only, N-mmn Absolute value of maxizeunn moment i the unbraced segment, Nomam ‘Nominal flexural strength, N-mam Firstorder moment using LRFD or ASD Joad combinations assuming there is no lateral translation of the frame, Nemm Plastic bending moment, N-m00 Required second-order flexural strength under LRED or ASD losd combinations, Nemm Required flexural strength using LRFD or ASD Load combina m Required flexural strength in chord, N-mam Required in-plane flexural stength in tyranch, N-mm Required out-of-plane flexoal strength in ‘branch, Nemm Required flexural strength in chord using ERED load combinations, Nero Yield moment about the axis of bending, Nem Smaller moment, calculated from a first- ‘order analysis, at the ends ofthat postion of the member unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, N-mim Larger moment, calculated from 2 fist- ‘order analysis, atthe ends ofthat portion of the member ‘unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, N-mm LLeugth of bearing (not less than Ie for end ‘beam reactions), mm Bearing length of the Joad, measured parallel tothe axis ofthe HSS member, (oF measured across the widtn of the HSS in the case of the loaded cap plates), mm Number of stress range fluctuations in design life Number of bolts carrying the applied tension Additional lateral load ‘Notional lateral load applies at level & Number of slip planes ‘Overlap connection cvefficient Pitch per thread, eam ‘Required brace strength, N Available axial compressive strength, N ‘Available tensile strength, N Available compressive stiength out of the plane of bending, N Plastic critical buckling load for braced and Lunbraced frame, respectively, N uler buciding load, evaluated in the plane ‘of bending, N’ First-order axial force using LRED or ASD oad combinations as & result of lateral ‘renslation of the frame only {tension or compression), N ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) Firstonler axial foree using LRFD or ASD. toad combinatéons, assuming there is 0 latetol translation of the frame (tension oF compression), Nominal axiel strength, N Nominal axial compressive strength without consideration of length effects, N Nominal beacing strength of concrete, N Requited second-order axial strength using LRFD or ASD loed combinations, N Required axial compressive strength using LRFD of ASD load combinations, N Required strength, N Required tensile strength using LRED or ASD load combinations, N ‘Required exial strength in branch, N Required axial srength in chord, N Required axial strength in compression, N Member yield strength, N Full reduction factor for compression elements Reduction factor for slender stiffened compression elements Chord-stress interaction parameter Nominal strength of one stud shear conrector, N Reduction factor for slender unstiffened ‘compression elements Nontinal load du to rainwater exclusive of {he ponding eontitution, MPa Seismic response modification coetticient Required strength ¢ASD} Reduction frctor tor joints using 2 pair of transverse Hllet welds only Cocifieient io account for group effect, Factor in Eg. 503.2-6b dependent on type of system ‘Cross-section monosyenmetry parameter Nominal strength, specified in Section $02 through SIL Nominal slip resistance, Nv Position etfect factor for shear studs. Web plastitication factor Reduction factor for reinforced or none rsinforced —unnsverse—_partialjoint= ‘penetration (PIP) groove welds ‘Web plastification factor corresponding 10 the tonsion flange yielding limit state ‘Required strength (LRFD) Total nominal sirength of longitudinally Toaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table $10.2.8 slender Ru = CHAPTER § Structural Stee! 5. Yotal_nosninal. strength of transversely loaded fillet welds, as devermined in accordance with Table $10.2.5 without the altemate in Section $10.2.4 (a) Hastie section ciedulis ef round HSS, Lowest elastic section modulus relative (© the axis of bending, mim? Spacing of secondary members, Chord elastie section modulus, min" Elastic section modulus to the toe in ‘compression relative tothe axis of bending, Effective. seetion modulus abou axis, mm? Elastic section modulus referred to tension and, compression flanges. respectively, tom Elastic section modulus taken about the principal axes, mm? For channels, taken asthe minimum section modulus Nomiva forces and deformations due to the design-hasis fire defined in Section Ax 42.1 Tension fore due ‘combinations, kN ‘Minimum fastener tension given in Table $10.3.1, KN Available torsional strength, N-ram ‘Nominal torsional strong, N-mam Required torsional stengi, Nemin Tension forre due te LRFD ‘combinations, KN Shear lag factor Usiization ration Reduction coefficiem, used in caleulating block shear rupture strength ‘Stress mdex Sicess index Required shear foree introduced to column, N Roquired shear force transferred hy shear connectors, N Available shear strength, N Nominal shear sirongth, N Required shear strength at the location of the stiffener, N Requited shear strength using LRED or ASD load combinations, N Gravity load ftom the LRFD_ load ‘combination or 1.6 times the ASD toad ‘combination applied at level &,N Hole reduction coefficient, N major to ASD toad Toad Nationa’ Structural Code of the Phitppines Volume |, 7th Edition, 2015 First-order axial foree using LRED or ASD load combinations, assuming there is. no lateral translation of the frame (tension or sompression), N Nominal axial strength, N Nominal axial compressive _ strength without consideration of length effects, N Nominal bearing sirength of concrete, N Required second-order axial strength using. LRED or ASD load combinations, N Required axial compressive strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required strength, N Required tensile strength using LRFD or ASD load cornbinations, N Required axial strength in branch, N Required axial strength in chord, N Required axial strength in compression, N Member yield strength, N Full reduction factor for slender ‘compression elements. Reduction factor for slender stiffened ‘compression elements. ‘Chord:-stress interaetion parameter Nominal strength of one stud shear connector, N Reduction factor for slender unstffened compression clements Nominal load due :o rainwater exclusive of the ponding eontribution, MPa Seismie response modification coetticient Required strength (ASD) Reduetion fictot for joints using a pair of transverse fillet welds only Coefficient to aecount for group effect Factor int Eq, 503.2-6b dependent on type of system ‘Cross-section mionosymmetry parameter Nominal strength, specified in Section 502 through S11 ‘Nominal slip resistance, N Position effect factor for shear studs ‘Web plastification factor Reduction factor for reinforced of non reinforced transverse partial-joint- ppenctration (PIP) groove welds ‘Web plestification factor corresponding to ‘the tension flange yielding limit state Required strength (LRED) Tofal nominal sirength of longitudinally loaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table $10.2.5 CHAPTER 5: Structural Stee ‘Total nominal strength of transversely loaded fitlet welds, as determined in secordance with Table 510.2 without the slternate in Section 510.2.4 a) Elastic section modulus of round HSS, Lowest clastic section modulus relative to the axis of bending, mm Spacing of secondary members, m Chord elastic section modulus, rum! Elastic section modulus t the toe in compression relative to the axis of bending, Effective seetion modulus about majce axis, mm? Flastic section modulus referred to tension and, compression flanges, respectively, mm? Elastic section modulus taken about the principal axes, mm? For channels, taken as the minimum section modulus Nominal forces and deformations due to the design-basis fire defined in Section A Alu Tension force due 9 ASD load combinations, KN Minimum fastener tension given in Table $103.1, KN Available torsional strength, Nomar ‘Nominal torsional strength, N-mm_ Requited torsional strengtn, N-mm Tension force due to LRFD load ‘combinations, KN ‘Shear lag facior Uiilization ratio Reduction coefficient, used in calculating. block shear rapture strength Stress index Stress index Requited shear force intieduved (o column, N Required shear foree transferred by shear connectors, N Available shear strength, N ‘Nominal shear strength, N Required shear strength at the location of the stiffener, N Required sheac strength using LRFD or ASD lond combinations, N Gravity toad from the LRFD_ load combination oc 1.6 times the ASD load combination applied at level &, N Hole reduction coefficient, N National Stuctural Goce ofthe Philippines VolLine I, 7th Eaition, 2015 b b b CHAPTER 5 - Structural Stee! = Plastic section modulus about the axis of ‘bending, mm! = Branch plastic section moduhus about the soreet axis of bending, mm” = Plastic section modulus ahout the principal axes, mm? = Cleat distance between transverse stiffeners, mm Distance between connectors in a built-up member, min Shortest distance from edge of pin hole to edge of member measured parallel to the ditection of force, mm = Half the length of the non-welded root face in the direction of the thickness of the tension-loaded plate, sn = Ratio of two times the web area in compression duc to application of major bending moment alone to the area of the compression flange components = Ontsice width of leg in compression, mm = Foll width of longest angle leg, mm Width of unstffened compression element, for flanges of F-shaped members end tees, the widtb B is half the full-flange width, Bg: for legs of angles and flanges of channels and zces, the width Bis the fall ‘nominal dimension; for plates, the width B js the distance from the frce edge (0 the first row of fasteners oF line of welds, or the distance between adjacent lines of fasteners or lines of welds; for reetanguiar HSS, tho widih B is the clear distance between the webs less the inside comer sadius on each side, mm = Wiklth of the angle leg resisting the shear force, mm, = Width of column flange, mam = Reduced effective width, mat Bifective edge distance; the distance from the edge of the hole to the edge of the part measured in the direction normal to the applied foree, am = Effective width of the branch face welded tw the chord = Bffcetive width of the branch face welded to the overlapped brave = Flange width, rom, = Compression flange width, mura = Width oftension flange, mm = Longer leg of angle, mim Shorter leg of angle, mam fa Frwy fe fom fo Stffener width for one-sided sttfeners, Nominal fastener diameter, mam Full nominal depth of the section, mm Full nominal depth of te, mm Depth of rectangular bar, men Diameter, mm Pin diameter, Roller diameter, nm Beam depth, mnt Nominal diameter diameter, mm Column depth, men Eccentricity in a truss eonnection, positive being away from the branches, mm Distance from the edge of stud shank to the steel deck web, measured at mid-height of the deck ib, and in the losd bearing direotion ofthe stud (in other words, in the direction of maximum moment for a simply supported bear), mm Required axial stress at the point of consideration using LRFD or ASD Toad ‘combinations, MPa Required flexural stress at the point of consideration (major axis, minor axis) usiag LRFD or ASD load combinations, MPa Specified minimum compressive strength of concrete, MPa Specified minimum compressive strength ‘of concrete at elevate temperatures, MPa Sires due to D + B (the nominal dead load + the nominal load due to rainwater or snow exclusive of the ponding contribution), MPa ‘Required shear strength per unit arca, MPs ‘Transverse center-to-center spacing (gage) between fastener gage Lines. min Gap between toes of branch members in « gapped K-comnection, neglecting the ‘welds, mm Clear distance between flanges less the fille or corner radi for rotted shapes; for built-up sections, the distance between adjacent lines of fasteners or the clear distance between flanges when selds are used; for tees, the overall depth; for rectangular HSS, the clear distance. between the flanges less the inside comer radius on each side, mm Distance between centroids of individual components perpendicular to the member axis of buckling, mn (body or shank Association of Structural Engineers of the Philipines, Inc. (ASEP) FF ‘Twice the distance from the centrai to the following: the inside face of the ‘compression flange les the fillet or comer radius, Zor volled shapes; the nearest ine af fasteners at the compression flange or the inside faces of the compression flonge when welds are used, for buill-up sections, rim Distance between flange centroids, nom Twice the distance from the plasti neuteal axis to the nearest Hine of fasteners at the compression flange oF the inside face of the compression flange when welds are used, Hoje factor Factor defined by Eq. 507.26 for minimum moment of inertia for a transverse stience Distance ftom outer face of flange to the ‘web toe of fillet, um Outside corner radius of the HSS, whieh is permitted to be taker as 1,51 sf unknown, min Coefficient for slender unstiffened elements, mm cosificieat ‘Web plate buckling coefficient Largest laterally unbraced length along. sither flange atthe point of load, mm Length of bearing, mm Length of connection in the direction of foading, eam Number of nodal braced points within the span Tiireacs per mm Ratio of element # deformation to its deformation at maximum stress Projected length of the overlapping branch fon the chord Overlap length messured along the connecting face of the chord beneath the ‘ovo branches Governing radius of gyration, ram Distance from instantaneous center. of rotation fo weld clement with minimum bu/r; ratio, mm Mininam radivs of gyration of indiviual ‘component in a buile-up member, mm Radius of gyration of individual component relative to ils centroidal axis parallel to member axis of buckling, mm Polar radius of gyration about the shear ‘center, mm Radius of gyration of the flange ‘components in flexural compression plus ‘one-third of the web arva in compression due to application of major axis bending CHAPTERS - Structural Steel $417 moment alone Effective racius of gyration used inthe determination of Ey for the lateral: torsional buckling limit state for major axis bending of doubly syametsic vompact 1- shaped members and channels Radius of gyration about geomet patalel to connected leg, mm Radius of gyration about y-axis, mom Radius of gytetion for the miner principal axis, mm Longitudinal —center-to-center spacing. (itel) of any two consecutive holes, mm. Thickness of element, mm ‘Wall thickness, mim Angle Jeg thiekness, rim ‘Width of rectangular bar parallel to axis of bending, mm ‘Thickness of comectsd material, mm Thickness of plate, mm Design wall thickness for HSS equal 1 0.93 times the nominal wall thickness for ERW HSS and equal to the nominal wall thickness for SAW HSS, rom ‘Total thickness of fillers, mm Desiga wall thickness of HSS main member, me Desiga ‘wall thickness of HSS_ branch ‘member. sm Thickness ofthe overlapping branch, mm Thickness ofthe overlapped brane, uum Thickness ofthe column Hange, ram Thickness ofthe loaded flange, mim Flange thickness of channel shear conneetor, mm Compression flange thickness, mm ‘Thickness of plate, mm “Thiekness of tensioe loaded plate, mm ‘Thickness of the attached transverse plate, Web stiffener thickness, mm Web thickness of channet shear connector, ‘Beam web thickress, mm Web thickness, mm Column web thickness, mm ‘Thickness of element, nm Width of cover plate, mm Weld leg size, mm Subscript relating symbol © major principal axis bending Plote width, mm National Structural Gode of he Philippines Volume |, 7th Eattion, 2015, Xoo wer mr RR 4u CHAPTER 5 = Structural Steel Leg size of the reinforcing or contouring fillet, if any, in the direction of the thickness of the tension-loaded plate, nm Weight of concrete per unit volume Average width of concrete rib or haunch, mom Subscript relating symbol to strang axis Coordinates of the shear center respeet tothe centroid, mim Connection eccentricity, mam Subscript relating symbol te weak axis, Subscript relating symbol to minor principal axis banding, Factor used in By equation Separation ratio for built-up compression members Reduction factor given by Fa, $10.2-1 ‘Width ratio; the ratio of branch diameter 9 chord diameter for round HSS; the ratio of overall branch width to chord width For reciangular HSS Brace stiffness requirement exchiding web distortion, Nemmvadian Required brace siiiness Bifective width ratio; the sam of the perimeters of the two branch members in & Keconuection divided by eight times the chord width Ffective outsiée punching perimeter Web distortional elitfness, including the effect of web transverse stiffeners, if any, Nemm/tadian Section property for unequal leg angles, positive for short legs in compression ark negative for long legs in compression Firsteorder interstory drift due to the design loads, mm Firstorder interstory drift due to lateral forces, mm Deformation of welded elements at inenmediate stress levels, linearly proportioned to the critical deforma based on distance from the instantaneous center of rotation fmm Deformation of weld element at maximum stress, min Deformation of welded clement at ultimate stress (fracture), usually in element furthest {rom instantaneous center of rotation, rita Chord slendemess ratias the ratio of oMte- half the diameter to the wall thickness Zor roond HSS; the ratio of one-half the widil {o wall thickness for rectangular HSS Gap ratio: the ratio of the gap between the branches of a gapped K-cormection to the T svidth of the chord for rectangular HSS. Load length parameter, applicable only to rectangular HSS; the ratio of the length of ‘contact of the braneh with the chord in the plane of te comncetion to the chon! width Slendemess parameter Limiting slendemness parameter for ‘compact element Limiting slendetness parameter for ‘compact flange Limiting slendemess parameter for ‘compact web Limiting slendemness nnoncampact element Limiting slenderess parameter for non compact ange Limiting slenéemess parameter for non- compact web ‘Mean slip coefficient for class A or B surfaces, 23 applicable, or as established by tess Resistance factor, specified in Section $02 through $11 Resistance factor for bearing on concrete Resistance factor for flexure Resistance factor for compeession Resistance factor for axially loaded ‘compasite calurans Resistance factor for shear on the fallure path Resistance factor for torsion Resistance factor for tension Resistance factor for shear Safety factor: Satety factor for bearing on concrete Say factor tor flexure Safety factor tor compression Salety factor for axially loaded composite columns Safety Factor for shesr om the fullure path Safety factor for torsion Safety factor for tension Salety factor for shear Minimum — reinforcement ratio for Jongitudinal einforcing element Angle of loading measured from the welded longitudinal axis, degrees ‘Acute angle between the branch and chord, degrees ‘Strain corresponding (0 srength, fi Parameter for reduced flexural stiffness ‘sing the direc analysis method parameter for compressive Assooialion of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) DEFINITIONS ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION is a building material and systems that are activated by a fire to mitigate adverse effects of 10 notily people to take some action mitigate adverse elfects, ADJUSTED BRACE STRENGTH is the strength of a brace ina buckling-resirained braced fiaine al deformations cotresponding to 2.0 times the design story anf. ALLOWABLE STRENGTI divided by the safety factor. Ry/Q. the nominal stength ALLOWABLE STRESS is the allowable strengih divided by the appropriate section property, such as seotion modulus or cross-section area AMPLIFICATION FACTOR is the multiplier of the results of firsteorder analysis to reflect second-order effects AMPLIFIED SEISMIC LOAD js the horizontal component of earthquake load E multiplied by %,, where E and the horizontal componen of B are specifiee in the NSCP cade, APPLICABLE BUILDING CODE is 4 Building Code under which the structure is designed (je NSCP 6" Edition). ASD (ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DESIGN) is a method of proportioning structural components such that the allowable strength equals or excceds the required strength of the component under the action of the ASD load combinations, ASD LOAD COMBINATION refers ta load combination in the NSCP code intesded for allowable strength design (allowable siress design). AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AH) is ‘the organization, political subdivision, office or individual charged with the responsibility of administering and ‘enforcing the provisions of this standard, AVAILABLE STRENGTH is the design strength or allowable strength, as appropriate. AVAILABLE STRESS is the design strass or allowable stress, as appropriate. AVERAGE RIB WIDTH is the average width of the rib ‘of a comugstion in a formed stesi dees. CHAPTERS —StueturalStesi 5.49, RATTEN PLATE is 2 plate rigidly connected to two perallel components of & builleap column oF bean designed to transmit shear betwesn the components, BEAM is a structural member that hus the primary function of resisting bending moments. BEAM-COLUMN is a structural member that cesisis booth axial force and bending moment, BEARING ie the connection, linnit state of ultimate shear forces transmitted by the mechanical fastener 10 the connection elements, BEARING refers to a bolted connection, limit state of shear forces transmitted by the bolt to the connection ‘elements BEARING (LOCAL COMPRESSIVE YIELDING) refers to the limit state of local compressive yielding due to the action of « member bearing against another member cor serfaee, BEARING-TYPE CONNECTION isa belted ‘connection where shear forces are transmitted by the bolt bearing against the connection elements BLOCK SHEAR RUPTURE refers to @ connection, limit state of tension fracture along one pall and shea yielding or shear fracture along another path, BOUNDARY MEMBER js a portion along wall and digplaragm edge strengthened with structural steel sections and/or longitudinal ste) reinforeement and cansverse reinforcement BRACED FRAME is an essentially vertical truss system that provides resistance 10 lateral loads and. provides stability forthe structural system. BRACING is a member or system thot provides stiffness and strength to limit the out-of-plane movement of ‘another member ata brace point. BRACE TEST SPECIMEN is a single buckling- restramed brace clement used for laboratory testing intended to model the brace in the Prototype. BRANCH FACE is the wall of HSS branch member. BRANCH MEMBER refers HS$_conneetions, member that terminates at a chord member or main member. BUCKLING is alimit state of sudden change in the geometry of a structure or any of its elements under a

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