1 and 3) ship of he mole of atom ority of on the ants tO oblems or only tion of lems Based on Def Definition of Mole: The Mole c oncept Elementary Prob} Elementary i ¥ Chemical Calculations F 6.022. 10% mn f 10® molecules of CaCO, No. of moles of Caco, = 2 of molecules ule (Rule 4) =1 Weight of CeCO,= no, QF itglers ircleniane scular ule =1x100=100g ae Ex. 2. ate the weight of 12-044 x 108 atoms of carbon 2.044 x 102 be caw 5 Rule 4) Rule 2) 6022 x 10° Wt of C atoms=no. of moles x at =2x12=24g No. of moles of C = wt ‘atoms in 1 mole of O,? cules of oxygen, and since 3. What will be the number of oxygen cule contains 2 atoms, the Ex Solution : 1 mole of O, contains 6022x 10® mole: the oxygen molecule is diatomic, ic., 1 mole no. of oxygen atoms in 1 mole of O, is equal to 2x 6022 x 10°. Ex. 4. A piece of Cu weighs 0-635 g. How many atoms of Cu does it contain? wt of Cu No. of moles of Cu ee Rule 2) =001 (Rule 4) Solution 635 No. of atoms of Cu=no. of moles of atoms x Av. const. 6-022 x 10" = 0.01 x 6.022 x 10 (Rule 3) Ex. 5, Calculate the number of molecules in 11-2 litres of SO, gas at NTP. vol. at NTP (litres) std. molar volume (litres) No. of moles of SO; = U2 96, Rule 4) D4 No. of molecules of $O,=no. of moles x Av. const = 05x 6.022x 10" =3011 x 10” clement X weighs 6.644% 10 g. Caleulate the number of Solution + Ex. 6, One atom of an -gram-atoms in 40 kg, of i.= Modern Approach to Chemical Calculations 6 tution : Wt, of 1 mole of atoms of X= wt. of 1 atom x AV. const abo: = 6644 x 10° x 6.022 x 108 40 g e at. wt. of X=40. Thus the at. wt. of X ane ip No. of moles (or gram-atoms) of X Se ae (Rule 2) 40 x 1000 Ax? = 1000, 40 Ex. 7. From 200 mg of CO,, 10” molecules are removed. How many moles of CO, are left? Ex. o._wtein i Solution : Total no, of moles of CO, =e 8 Rute 1) Sol 0-00454. No. of moles removed = 0.00166. Rule 4) No. of moles of CO, left = 0-00454 — 0.00166 = 0.00288. Ex. 8. What will be the volume occupied by 1 mole atom of a (i) monoatomie gas, and (ii) diatomic gas at NTP? Solution : For monoatomic gases, Ex. 1 mole atom occupies 22-4 litres at NTP, and for diatomic gases, 1 mole atom occupies 11.2 litres at NTP, as 1 mole of O, contains 2 moles Sef of 0. Ex 9. Calculate the volume of 20 g of hydrogen’ gas at NTP 20 Solution + Moles of hydrogen gas = 2-10, (Rule 1) Volume of the gas at NIP =no. of moles x.224 10x 224 =224 litres. aa Ex. 10. What volume shall be occupied by 6022 x 10° molecules of any gas at NIP? Sol Solution : 6022 10 molecules are contained in 1 mole, and 1 mole, of any Bas at NTP occupies a volume of 22-4 litres, Ex 11. Caleulate the numberof atoms present in 54 litres of a (i) monoatomic, and (ii) diatomic gas at NTP, Ex. Solution :“No\ of moles of the gas at nip = = 1. (Rule9) ; 4 aElementary Px roblems Based on Based on Definition of Mole: The Mole Concept no. of molecules of the ga 7X 6:022 x 108 (Rule 4) =15x 10%, 1 Now, if the gas is monatomic, the no, of atoms of the gas = No. of molecules = 15x 10% And if the gas is diatomic, no. of atoms =2x no. of molecules =2 15x 102 =3.0x 10%. Ex. 12. Calculi late the number of ulphate ions in 100 mL of 0-001 M H,SO, solution. Solution : No. of moles = molarity x volume in litres (Rule 5) = 0-001 x 0-1 = 0.0001 Now, 1 molecule of H,SO, contains 1 SO3- ion: 1 mole of H,SO, contains 1 mole of SO? 0-0001 mole of F SO, contains 0.0001 mole of SO} number of sulphate ions = moles of ions x Av. const. = 0-0001 x 6.022 x 10 = 6.022 x 10 (Rule 4) Ex. 13. How many atoms are there in 100 amu of He? 1 : Solution : We know that, 1 amu = 75 weight of one °C atom or weight of one “C atom = 12 amu (at. wt. of C = 12 amu). Similarly, as the atomic weight of He is 4 amu, weight of one He atom = 4 amu 100 Thus, the number of atoms in 100 amu of He =~ Ex. 14. If a mole were to contain 1x 10* particles, what would be the mass of (i) one mole of oxygen, and (ii) a single oxygen molecule? Solution : Mass of 1 mole of O, is its molecular weight in g, ie, mass of 1 mole no. of molecules in 1 mole pee © 1x10 mass of a single O, molecule = = =32x10 g Ex. 15. The density of O; at NTP is 1-429 g/L. Calculate standard molar volume of the gas.to Chemical Calculations Modern Approach t Standard molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mole of the Solution: Standard mola gas at NTP. Now, x! ' olume of 1 litre. 1-429 g of O; at NIP occupies a volume of 1 li ts 32 g (ie, 1 mole) of O, occupies a volume ==> 22:39 litres. Ex. 16. The measured density of He at NTP is 0.1784 g/L. What is the weight of 1 mole of it? Solution : Weight of 1 mole of He = density (g/L) at NTP . x standard molar volume (litres) = (0.1784 x 22-4) g =4g. [Note: Weight of 1 mole is the molecular weight in g.] Ex. 17. A metal M of atomic weight 54-94 has a density of 7-42 g/cc. Calculate the apparent volume occupied by one atom of the metal. Solution : 7-42 g of metal M occupies a volume of 1 cc. 54.94 g occupies a volume of Since the weight of 1 mole of atoms is the atomic weight and 1 mole of atoms contain the Avogadro constant of atoms, vol. of 1 mole AV. const, ___7-404 © 6.022% 103 ~ volume occupied by 1 atom = 1.23x 10° ce, Ex, 18. Calculate the number of moles, and the number of atoms of H, S and O in 5 moles of H,SO,, Solution : 1 molecule of 11,50, contains 2 atoms of H or 1 mole of H,S0, Contains 2 moles of H or 5 moles of H,SO, contain 10 moles of H 1 mole of H,SO, or 5 moles of 1,50, and again, contains 1 mole of S 4, contain 5 moles of S 1 mole of H,SO, contains 4 moles of O 5 moles of H,SO, contain 20 moles of O. No. of atoms of H No. of atoms of 5 = No. of atoms of oO or (Rule 4) Ex. 1 Sol Ex. 2 Solut Fr of Ex. 21 Soluti Ex. 22. Solutiothe econ Definition of Mole: The Mole Conce of moles of Caco, = > 95 \ 100 1) it of molecule of CaCO, contains 3 atoms of peels CaCO; ‘contains 3 moles a o or 05 mole of CaCO, contains 15 moles of O No. of atoms of = 155 x 6.02210 ae = 9.083 x 10 iG Wt. of atoms of O=no, of. moles xat, wt. of O, ee =15x16 =24g Ex. 20, © oe Pie KCIO,. Solution ; No. of moles of KCIO; = = 125 e of (mol. wt. of KCIO,= 122 we know that 1 mole of KCIO, contains 1 mole From the formula KCI of K atoms, 1 mole of Cl atoms and 3 moles of O atoms. no. of atoms of K=1x6022x10" | no. of atoms of Cl=1x 6022x107 Rule no. of atoms of O =3x6:022x 107 Ex. 21. Calculate the total number of electrons present in 1.6 g of CH, in 1 Solution : No. of moles of CH,=72=01 (Rule 1) No. of molecules in 1.6 g of CH, = 0-1 x 6022 x 10 (Rule 4) = 60210” molecules 1 molecule of CH, has 10 electrons. 6022 x 10” molecules of CH, has 10x 6022 x 107 electrons = 6.022 x 10% electrons, Ex. 22. Find the charge of 1 grion of N° in coulomb, Solution : *’ 1 ion of N°” carries a charge of 3 x 1-602 x 10°" coulombs 4) (charge on an electron = 1.602 x 10" coulombs)> —— 10 Modern Approach to Chemical Calculations 6022 x10 ions (1 g-ion or 1 mole) carry a charge of 3.x 1.602 x 107? x 6.022 x 10 coulombs 2.894 x 10° coulombs. Ex 23, Find the charge of 27 g of Al’* ions in coulombs. Solution : One AB* ion has the charge of 3 protons, and a proton has the same magnitude of charge as that on an electron. wt ing No. of moles of Al’* ions = Fw. (Rule 1) 1 No. of Al°*ions in 27 g=no. of moles x Av. const. (Rule 4) = 1x 6022 x 10%. Charge of 27 g of Al? * ions = 3 x charge of a proton xno. of Al** ions =3 x 1-602 x 10"? x 6.022 x 10 = 2-894 x 10° coulombs. Ex, 24. Equal masses of oxygen, hydrogen and methane are taken in a container in identical conditions. Find the ratio of the volumes of the gases. Solution : Suppose each gas has a mass of X g Therefore, 0; : Hy : CH, Meghemeemae Sox ix & Se ex pha Noofmoles- 3 5 uae (Rule 1) i KE OX! 2%, OS ae (Avogadro's principle) Hence, O, : H) : CH= 1: 16 : 2, Ex. 25. If the components of air are Nb, 78%; O>, 21%; Ar, 09% and CO, 0-1% by volume, what would be the molecular weight of air? Solution : The volume rati 0 of the gases will be the same as their mole ratio (Avogadro’s principle) sol wt of air =28%28-+21 «324.09 40-+04 x4 (wt. in g per mole) 78+21+09+04 = 28.964, (N, =28, O,=32, ar=49 and CO, = 44) Ex. 26, f , r. Be Picnic tights of tivo elements (A and B) are 20 and 40 respectively. 8 Of A contains y atoms, how many atoms are present in 2x g of B? Ek Solution Furth num num Ex. 27. C oc. Solution Volu We k No. « Ex, 28, 1 of an lenge Solution of on and 1 Mass* the -1) 4) rin > 1) ple) 1% sti0 ely: Elementary Problems Bas; Based on Definition of Mole:‘The Mole Concept 11 Solution : Number of x moles of A= 20 (Rule 2) Number of atoms of x I 20 (N is the : 20y (Rule 4) Av. const.) number of moles of B=2* 0’ 2x number of atoms of B= 2x. ms of B 0 N _2N,, 204 40 * N =y. Ex. 27. Oxygen 7. Oxygen is present in a L-ltre flask at a pressure of 7:6% 10-" mmHg at O°C. Calculate the number of oxygen molecules in the flask Solution: Pressure =7-6x10~" mm =0-76x 10" em —atm (1 atm = 76cm) = 10-7 atm. Volume = 1 litre, R = 0-0821 lit. atm/K/mole, temperature = 273 K. We know that pV=nRT or 1 10-x 2 ne = 044 10) 0.0821 x 273 No. of molecules =no. of moles x Av. const (Rule 4) = 0-44 x 10-1 x 6.022 x 10 = 2-65 x 10" Ex.28. The density of mercury is 13-6 g/cc, Calculate approximately the diameter g that each atom is occupying a cube of edge atom of an atom of mercury, assuming length equal to the diameter of the mercury Solution : Suppose the length of the side of the cube is X em, i.e, the diameter of one Hg atom. volume occupied by 1 Hg atom = XP ce and mass of one Hg atom = 13:6*X° g. vo sti tdaentt 2000 Mass of one Hg atom = 77 const = Go x1 &Modem Approach to Chemical Calculations (<:mass of 1 mole of atoms is the atomic weight in g, and 1 mole containg the Av. const. of atoms) 200 : om 1 Pe 3 200 ~ 136 x 6.022 x 10° X=29x107%cm, Hence, 136 x X°= 44 x 10-*. Ex. 29, The density of a particular crystal of LiF is 2.65 g/cc. X-ray analysis shows that Lit and F ions are arranged in a cubic array at a spacing of 2.01 A. From these data calculate the apparent Avogadro constant. [Li=6.939, F= 18.998 (1 A=10-8cm,)] Solution : In this problem, we have to calculate Av. const, ie., the number of LiF molecules present in 1 mole. As 1 mole of LiF weighs 25.937 g (LiF = 6-939 + 18-998), ‘ 2 volume of 1 mole = “tof 1 mole es Sols wt per ce density) 2 =978 cc. Since this volume is supposed to be of a cube, I the length of each edge of the cube = 9.78. =2:138em ¢ eae ak 2S 201x10-* = 1063 x 108. No. of ions (Li* + F~) present in the cube = (1.063 x 10°)? = 1-201 x 10%. . u No. of LiF molecules per mole (ie, Avogadro constant) = = a = 601 x 10%. 7 Ex. 30. To 50 )! 5 : B ee of 05 M H,SO,, 75 mL. of 0.25 M H,SO, is added. What is on of the final solution if its volume is 125 mL? No. of is @rHeS in. 0.05 litte of FSO, = Mx V (litre) (Rule 5) =05x 0-05 = 0.025. No. of moles in 04 OP litte of H,S0, addea =0.25 0.075 0.01875, (Rule 5) Ex 34 co 025 +0.01875 (Rule 5) mins ” Elementary Problei "ms Based on Definition of Mole: molarity of H,So, = 204 =0.35 M 11.2 litres of any than 155 of P be 5g of P. / phorus itself at NTP we lecular Id be the atom the Since 1 mole of any p toms, and also 22-4 litres : Se Pee GGLNTP) ofthe gaseous compound con g therefore, 1 mole rig ee s the atomic weight of phosphen phosphorus is 124 as 1 hole of phosphorus weighs 31 g, ie,, 31 Similarly, the mol ght of lecular weight o Of its vapour weighs 124 g. Ex. 32, A polystyrene, h formula BrsCHACSHa)y oyl peroxide in the absence of air If it was fo bromine by weight, find the value of n 10.46' Solution : Let the weight of polystyrene prepared be 100 g. 0-46 = 0.1309. no. of moles of Br in 100 g of polystyrene From the formula of polystyrene, we have, no. of moles of Br =3 xmoles of Br,C,Hy(CH,), we 3x 100 or 0-1309 =3 x 5 mol wt 31474441 n= 44.9 ~ 45. Ex. 33. It has been estimated that 93% of all atoms in the entire universe are hydrogen and that the vast majority of those remaining are helium. Based on these two elements, estimate the mass percentage co i of Solution : Given that out of 100 atoms of H ard He, 93 atoms are of H and 7 atoms are of He, that is, the number of moles of H and He atoms, out of 100 moles, are 93 and 7 respectively Mass of H =93x1=93 &. Mass of He =74=28 g. 3 mass percentage of H = 559g «100 mass percentage of He = 23.14%. Ex 34. The molecular weight of haemoglobin is about 65,000 g/mol. Haemoglobin ‘contains 0.35% Fe by mass. How many iron atoms are there in a haemoglobin molecule?14 Modern Approach to Chemical Calculations Solution : 100 g of haemoglobin contain 0.35 g of iron ©F, %po9 Mole of haemoglobin contains ~2-~ mole of Fe. 0.35, 65000 1 mole of haemoglobin contains “=> x “pq moles of Fe. 4.06 moles of Fe Thus one molecule of haemoglobin contains four iron atoms. Ex. 35. At room temperature, the density of water is 1.0 g/mL and the density f ethanol is 0.789 g/ml. What volume of ethanol contains the same number of molecules as are present in 175 mL of water? Solution : Let the volume of ethanol containing the same number of molecules as are present in 175 mL of H,O be v mL. As given, moles of C,] IH in v mL = moles of H,O in 175 mL. wt. of CH;OH wt. of HO ore mol. wt. of C,H,OH ~ mol. wt. of FO a 0.789 xv 0x175 Mein 1118 v= 566.82 mL Ex. 36. A sample of ethane has the same mass as 10.0 million molecules of methane How many C,H, molecules does the sample contain? Solution : Let the number of C,H, molecules in the sample be 1. As given, mass of C,H, =mass of 10’ molecules of CH, “x mol. wt. of CH, =” ‘Av. const ‘Av. congt. “Mol. wt. of CH, 1x30 10x16 AV. const. Av. const. n=5.34x 10 Ex. 97. How many grams of CaWO, would contain the same mass of tungsten that iS present in 569 g of FeWO,? (W = 184) Solution : Let the mass of CaWO, be w g. As given, mass of W in w g of CaWO, = mass of W in 569 g of FeWO, Moles of W in CaWO, x at. wt. of W = moles of W in FeWO, x at. wt. of W As both CaWo, and FeWO, contain 1 atom of W each, moles of CaWO, x at. wt. of W = moles of FeWO, xat. wt. of W Elem Ex. 38. 0.71 vessel, is founc content conclusi Solution Thus, t of O; temper, Second Applyi Applyi In the (POAC) alor chemical pr: 1. Find th 2. What is identics 3. Calcula 4. The vay the gas [Hint:} Cd —Y of r of les ne, it — Flementary Problems Basedton, Definition of Mole The Mole Concept 45 Ex. 38. 0. mole of solid ‘A,’ and 2 mo Ai’ and 2 moles of gaseous O, are hented in a sealed '$ up the reactants end producing only rn sing up the re ng only one compound. It The an te temperature is reduced to the initid! temperature, the can Be dha itit a pressure equal to half the original pressure. What ata about the product of the reaction? contents of usions can be drawn from # Solution : First Method: As both Ay and Ou am Sean meet moles of Ay 0.75 moles of,” 2.0 (molesof A)/4_ 0.75 (moles of )/2~ 2.0 moles of A_3 moles of O~ 4 Thus, the empirical formula of the product is A,O,, Further, as 2 moles of O2 give 1 mole of A;O, (for gases, pressure « mole at constant temperature and volume), A;Q, is also the molecular formula of the product: Second Method: A,(s) + O,(g) > A,O,(g) Applying POAC for A atoms, 4 x moles of Ay=xxmoles of A,O, 4x075=xx1; x=3 } Applying POAC for O atoms, 2x moles of O, = yx moles of A,O, 2x2=yx1; y=4. In the following chapters, we shall apply the principle of atom conservation (POAC) along with the said rules in tackling the various problems encountered in chemical practice PROBLEMS (Answers bracketed with quest 1. Find the number of atoms in 48 g of ozone at NIP, 8066 x 10" hat is the rato ofthe volumes occupied ty 1 mole of O, and 1 moe of Oi 2, What is the ratio of the volun y i ! identical conditions? | 3, Calculate the mass of 5 moles of CaCO, in grams (600 g) 4. The density of a gas is 11-2. Calculate the volume occupied by 112 g of e vapour density of a ga the gas at NIP. aed) [Hint; Mol, wt. =2%VD]Modern Approach to Chemical Calculations 5. toms in 0:2 mole of Na,CO;10H,0. (1.56 x 94 the number of oxygen atom: Calculate the numb T of moles of CuSO, contained in 100 mL of 1 M Cugg, 6 Calculate the number of mole v ‘ $02 ions in it (01 mole, 0603 solution. Also, find the number of SO; 6022 1% 12 g of "C atoms. (12 60235 49% ons present in 7. Find the total number of nucle 8. Find (i) the total numbe neut Sa 1 Tite aa e 9, How many moles are there i r tit 2 (44.6 moles) 10. 3 g of a salt of molecular wei molality of the solution tay cc ro Find the ratio of the number of molecules contained of NH, and 1 g of N, (28:17) 13. How many inolecules 6f CO, are contained in one litre of air i viscid 14, Is the number of molecules in’ kg of H, and 1 kg of O, the same ? What is the density at NIP of a gaseous sample of a compound was found fo Pe 178 g/L. What is the weight of 1 mole of the gaseous sample? (399 g) 46. If the concentration of a solution is 2 M calculate the number of millimoles present in 2 litres of the solution, Hirit: Follow Rule 5.] (4000) ‘¥. How many moles of oxygen are contained in one litre of air if its volume content 21% at NIP? (00083) 18 How many atoms do mercury vapour molecules consist of ifthe density of mercury Vapour relative to air is 6.92? (Hg = 200). The average mass of air is 29 g/mole. (One) 19. Calculate the total number of atoms in.0-5 mole of K, Cr, O,, oh [Hint Follow Example 19] ss (331x100) 2) What is the volume of 6 g of hydrogen at 1 atm and O°C? (672 litres) 21, What is the density of oxygen gas at NTP? [Hlint: See Example 14] (1.429 g/L) 22. Calculate the total number of electrons Present in 18 mL of water. 2 (10 x 6.022 x 10°) = Catelate te umber of elecirons, prove iid Sahiedes ook of aa ae (10x 6.022 x 10%, 8 x 6.022 10%, 8x 6022 10) 3 32 33. 34.00) ent 93) ry ne) 34, Elementary Prob lems Based on Defin Definition of Mole: The Mole ¢ fole Concept ind the mass of the nitrogen i) (NH,); HPC ntained in 1 kg of i) KNO. @ (i) 350 sd i nt in 784 g of FeSO, ¢N , e Volume of O, at NTP in this samy NH,) ,S0,..6H,0. What wi 3136 lity id A, ie made up o atta te th mB O82. ven gne hich combines Ca ieee hs 1 g at ulate the volume Nieaees : of the mixt cm. Find the density of the matter in the atomic nucle i of X is 19 mole (i. Hint: Densit ie vol. of Imol (602% 10" g/m Copper forms two oxides, For the same amount of copper, twice as much rt oxide than to form the second one. What is the ratio fas used to form the fi 1 second oxides: in the first an of the valencies of copp are Cu,0, and Cu,0, anc {Hint: Assume that the ox 105 ml of pure water (4°C) is saturated with NH, gas, producing a solution o density 09 g/mL. If this solution contains 30% of NH; by weight, calculate total mass 105 (H,0) + 45 (NH) (Mint Density= Fervolume atearene sre pent ina nas sl al being having a as How many iron atoms The stainless steel conte of 0-1 inch (1 inch = 2.54 ém)? has a density of 775 g/¢: ains 85-6% Fe by weight and (491x107)Modem Approach to Chemical Calculations 18 435. How many litres of liquid CCl, (d=15 gx) must be measured out to contain 1x10” CCI, molecules? (1611) ind in a ball mill to give a starchlike mo} 36. A sample of potato starch was ground v lecule ‘of lower molecular weight. The product analysed 0.086% phosphorus. If each molecule is assumed to contain one atom of phosphorus, what is the molecilar ‘weight of the material? 6x 10'ama) 37, The dot atthe end of this sentence has a mass of about one microgram. Assuming that the black stuff is carbon, calculate the approximate number of atoms of carbon needed to make such a dot, (1 microgram =1%10"*g) (610! atoms) 38, To what volume must 50 mL of 350 M H,SO, be diluted in order to make 2 M HS0,? [Hlint: Use Rule 5] (75m) 39, Sulphur molecules exist under various conditions as Sy SS, §, and S. (a) Is the mass of one mole of each of these molecules the same? (6) Is the number of molecules in one mole of each of these molecules the same? (6) Is the mass of sulphur in one mole of each of these molecules the same? (4) Is the number of atoms of sulphur in one mole of each of these molecules the same? (No, Yes, No, No) 40. Two minerals that contain Cu are CuFeS, and Cu,S, What mass of Cu,$ would contain the same mass of Cu as is contained in 125 Ib of CuFeS,? (64.2 Ib) 41. What is the maximum number of moles of CO, that could be obtained from the carbon in 4 moles of Ru(CO,),? (12 mot 42, What mass of NaCl would contain the same total number of ions as 245 g of MgCl? (25 8) 43, An unknown sample weighing 1.5 g was found to contain only Mn and S. The sample was completely reacted with oxygen and it produced 1.22 g of Mn) oxide and 1.38 g of SO, What is the simplest formula for this compound? (MnS) 44. The two sources of Zn, that is, ZnSO, and Zn\CH,COO), 21,0, can be purchased at the same price per kilogram of compound. Which is the most economical source of Zn and by how much? (ZnS0, 359%) 45. How many moles of H,O form when 25.0 mL of 0.10 M HNO, solution i completely neutralised by NaOH? 5 10° mole) 46. Which would be larger: an atomic mass, unit based on the current standard of one based on the mass of a Be-9 atom set at exactly 9 amu? (ater) 47- The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyses the hydration of CO, This reaction CO, +10 5 H,Co, if Via the bloodstream. One 's involved in the transfer of CO, from tissues to the Iungs enzyme molecule hydrates 10* molecules of CO; peF second. How many kg of CO, are hydrated in one hour in one litre bY 1x10°M enzyme? (0.158449) Hlementary 48. An oxybromo co contain 52.92% g 49. Radium disinteg ‘particle takes After 420 day Calculate the Av 50. If the value of Ay constant is 1.380 Value ofthe uniy (Hint: Since & an rounded off up t 51. Three moles of B, ‘of boron contaiis ‘The density of ch (@) 244 (© found only eg 2. A gaseous oxide nitrogen atom. Th (@) 098 3. The mass of an this basis thatthe (a) Yes Density of air is (@) 0001293, 56 litres of oxy (@) 1 mole 224 tees of w approximate val (@) 18 litres Which ofthe fll (@) 1 geatom of « (6) 10 ml of wat 8, 6.02210 male (o) 224 bites 9, How many gram @ 138les the lo, No) would 4.2 Ib) om the 2 mol) 5 g of 225 g) s, The oxide ) d nase 35.9%) mole) jatte®) un Pe ve BY 35 ke) BepinmsrT Prblesl Fie ns Oxhittcae pale sa ompound, KBrO,., where 49, Radium disintegrates at an a particle takes up tn After 420 days, he culate the Av Prick X onstant is 1.980% 10° Jk then the number of significant digits in the calculated val ( the universal gas constant is (IT 2014 Adv, (4) (Hint: Since and N, both have four significant figures, the value of R is al rounded off up to f significant figures Ph Timed moles oF BH, are eamip inigficaa ater umber of mole of boron containing product formed is (UT 2015 Adv, 2) Objective Problems 1. The density of chlorine relative to air a) 2.44 3 (©) found only experimentally @4 % A Bascous oxide contains 30-4% of nitrogen, one molecule of which contains one nitrogen atom. The density of the oxide relative to oxygen (@) 094 (14s (©) 150 (@) 30 3. The mass of an oxygen atom half that of a sulphur atom. Can we decide on this basis that the density of sulphur vapour relative to onypen ve 2° oven No (0) 0001353" 1388 (o 148 (8) cant be eat 6. 2244 litres of water vapour at NTP, when approximate volume of (@) 18 litre b) 1 ite (1m (18 mt 7. Which of the following has the highest < ) 5 mole of CH, a) 1 g-atom of ; . (910 mb. of water (@) 3011 x10" atoms of oxyger 8, 602210" molecules of N, at NTP will occupy a volume of (2) 224 litres (b) 224 litres ) 602 hit (€) 602 mt 9. How many grams are contained in 1 gram+-atom of Na? @ 13g ® 1 @20 Modem Approach to Chemice Calculations jodet 40. The weight of 350 ml. 0 nie gas at 0°C and)? atm pressure is 1 g. 7 fa diatomic 8° ‘of one atom is 32 6 OF Ow (a) 32.N_ (Nis the Av. const) (0) 16N of atoms present in 16 g of oxygens 4 a me) 301x102 (c) 3:01 x 10" (d) 6-02 10° 4 contains 1 mole of C and 2 moles of O, The moleculy 11. The numbe (a) 60210" 42. 1 mole of a compoun' jght of the compound is a &) 12 (0) 32 (a) 44 43, The volume of a gas at 0°C and 700 mum pressure 18 760 cc. The number of molecules present in this volume is dy : (a) 1.88107 (b) 6022x10" — (<) 188 10" (d) 18:8 x10” mole of a diatomic element X, contains 34 and 40 moles of electrons and neutrons 14.1 respectively. The isotopic formula of the element is @) ax ©) aX © 3X (a) &X 415, 2 moles of H atoms at NTP occupy a volume of (a) 11-2 litres (b) 448 litres (©) 2 litres (d) 22-4 litres 46. No. of electrons in 1:8 mL of H,O () is (a) 602 10" (©) 3.01110" (©) 0.602210" (a) 60.22 x 10" 17, Molecular weight of a gas, 11-2 litres of which at NIP weighs 14 g, is (a) 14 (b) 28 SOT 5 (a) 4x12 18. The weight of 1 mole of a gas of density 0.1784 g/L at NTP is (2) 01784 g O1g (4g (@) cannot be calculate 19. Number of HCI molecules present in 10 mL of 0-1 N HCI solution is (a) 602210" = (b) 6.02210" ~——(c) 6.022.x 10" (a) 6.02210” 20. Number of atoms in 12 g of WC is i @6 (b) 12 (9 6022x106 — (a) 12602210" 21. 5 moles of a gas in a closed vessel was heated from 300 K to 600 K. The press of the gas doubled. The number of moles of the gas will be @5 25 nen ee BR. ye ee ne following contains the greatest number of oxygen atoms? BS (b) 1g of O, aCe (@) allhhave the same number of atoms 23. If the atomic weight of carbon were set at 24 amu, the value of the Avogadl® constant would be (@) 6022x10% — (b) 1204410" (¢) 3.011 x10" —_ (a) none of thet the If 32 g of O, contain 6.022 x 10” molecules at NTP then 32 g of S, unde itions, will contain, 602x10°S —(b) 3011x10°S —(c) 12.044x 10S (d) 1x 10'S Elem 25, How ms (a) 6022 26. Experin present would t (@) 7.01 Hint: My 27. The rati The rat 1 @q 28, The me oxygen which « @) 15} [Hint ( 29. 1 g of of CO, (a) 1186 (Hint: 1a, 2b 18, 1 “aElementary Problems Based on | Definition of j f Mole: The Mote Concept ep 1 » sioaxe0m arr 2002) Experimentally it was found that } @ metal oxide has f and M* in formula Myog O. Metal M oxide. F; pvouldtbel raction of the metal which exists as M! (a) 7.01 (b) 4.0 8 (©) 6.0 (d) 5.08% Hint: x S mote — M205, (IT 2013 Main) ie, Of Masses of oxygen and nitrogen of a particul of molecules is gaseous mixture is 1:4, 10 of number 7 1 3 os (©). 2 8 (IIT 2014 Main) ne most abundant amounts by mass in the body of a healthy human adult are oxygen (61.4%), carbon (22.96%) hydrogen (10.0%) and nitrogen (2.6%). The weight which a 75 kg person would gain if all 'H atoms are replaced by 7H atoms is (a) 15 kg (b) 37.5 kg (075 kg (a) 10 kg [Hint: Only the mass of H atoms doubles] (IIT 2017 Main) 1 g of a carbonate (M,CO,) on treatment with excess HCI produces 0.01186 mole The molar mass of M,O, is g mol" is @) 1186 () 843 (1186 (@) 11.86 [Hint: Apply POAC for C, mole of M,CO, = mol of CO,) (IT 2017 Main) Answers -b, dc, 5c, 6d, 7-8, Sb, Fb, 10, 11-d, 12d, 13-4, 1h, 15-4, 16, 17+, x 21-a, 22-d, 23-b, 24-a, 25-d, 26-b, 27-b, 28-c, 29-b. Q