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    12 views7 pages

    Alexanderson US2451189A

    Uploaded by

    mitza22
    Patent

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Oct. 12, 1948. E. F. W. ALEXANDERSON ET AL 2,451,189 ELECTRIC FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM Filed Oct. 18, 1947 Inventors: Ernest F W. Alexanderson, Albert H. Mittag, Marion W. Sims, by Aawetl & Their Attorney. Patented Oct. 12, 1948 2,451,189 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,451,189 ELECTRIC FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATION ‘SYSTEM Ernst F. W. Alezanderson and Albert attag: ‘Schenectady, N. ¥., and Marion W. Sim rions fo General Electric Cours ‘ot New York Wayne, Ind, an pany, © corporatl Application October 18, 1947, Serial No, 780,618 (cl. 172-281) 17 Claims, 1 Our invention relates to an electric frequency transformation system without rotating or moy- ing parts or elements, and more particularly to static frequency transformation apparatus of the oscillatory type utilizing pulse excitation. Many forms of static frequency changers have .en proposed or used in the past, particularly in connection with radio applications. One well Known form operates on the principle of asym- ‘metrical variation of flux with magnetizing force {in saturated iron cores such as the Joly frequency tripler and the Pohl frequency doubler, These methods have the disadvantage of excessive tron losses. particularly at the higher frequencies of the power input frequency of the order of 60 cycles. Teds an object of our invention to provide a new and improved static frequency transformation system. Tt is another object of our invention to provide a new and improved frequency changing system, without moving parts or elements, which is sim- re and reliable in operation and readily adjusted for various different output frequencies each of which is a different multiple of the frequency of the input power supply, In accordance with the illustrated: embodl- ments of our invention, we utilize a resonant out- put or tank clreult tuned substantially to the Gesired output frequency which is harmonte of the source voltage, and excite the tank circult, with electric impulses coinciding with predeter- mined positive and negative half cycles of the 10 16 20 2 harmonic voltage. ‘The number and phase dis-, placement of the impulse producing ofreuits and the resonant frequency of the tank elreult may be varied to’ produce varlous other harmonies of the source voltage. Our invention will be better understood trom the following description taken in cannection with the accompanying drawing, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims, In the drawing, Fig. 1 diagrammatically illus trates a single phase embodiment of our inven- Hlon; Fig. 2 illustrates a three phase embodiment, of our invention; Pig, 31s an explanatory diagram relative to the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 2 when adjusted for a ninth harmonic out- put of an input voltage, and Fig, 4 is an explana. tory diagram relative to the operation of the em- bodiment of Fig. 2 when adjusted for a fifth har- ‘monic output of an input voltage. Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing, | indicates 1 supply ciroult or d source voltage which 1s con. nected to supply power to an impulse clroult 2 36 2 and é resonant tank efroult 3. The impulse ctr cult per se is of the type described in U. 8. Patent No. 2,862,294, granted Noveraber 7, 1944 upon an application of A.H. Mittag. ‘The impulse elrcult is connected to be energized from the supply ciroult 1, elther directly or through transforming means 4's iMlustrated. ‘Tne output winding of trans- former 4 1s connected to energize a copacitor 5, acting as an energy storage means, through © near reactor 6 which serves to prevent discharge of the caapeltor § to the supply circuit and algo ‘serves to limit the amount of current derived trom ‘the supply cireult 1 at the time capacitor 8 is dis- charged, Capacitor is connected to. energise the resonant tank circult 3 at terminals 1 there- of through a non-linear inductive device 8, such as a self-saturating symmetrically saturable re- actor, and thereby impress upon the tank clreult voltage impulses twice during each cycle of the supply voltage at time intervals displaced 180 electrical degrees referred to the supply voltage frequency. In the event It Is desired to adjust the phase displacement between the voltage impulses, ‘the inductive device 8 may be provided with a di. rect current saturating winding 8" having a cur- rent adjusting means 8” connected in cireuit therewith and energized from a direct current source indicated by the + and — signs, ‘The tank clroult may be of various types of oscillating clr- cults known in the art, although we have found the parallel resonant type, illustrated as compris Ing an inductive reactance element 9 and s capac- itor 19 connected tn parallel relation across the impulse clreult, operates very satisfactorily. The reactive elements 0 and 19 of the tank circuit are Indicated as being adjustable and as represen. tative of one way the tank clrcult can be tuned for different output frequencies. A phase shifting clroult 11 may be interposed between the supply ‘elreult | and the impulse generating clrcult 2, ‘This phase shifting circult may be of various forms known in the art, but a simple direct cur- rent saturable reactor type as illustrated is satis- factory. This type comprises an alternating cur- rent winding 12 connected in serles relation with the clroult to the impulse circult arranged on a conventional fron core with a direct current st rating winding 13 thereon connected to be ene! gized from a sultable direct current circult (4 through adjustable resistance means 18, A fur- ther refinement may be incorporated in the phase shifting means I, if desired, in order to maintain the output voltage of the impulse circuit at e sub- stantially constant value throughout an appré clable range of phase shift of the output impulse 2,461,189 voltage with respect to the voltage of circuit 1. For this purpose a elrcuit which has a net eapaci- tive reactance 1s connected across the input cir- cuit between the phase shift circult 11 and the impulse clreuit and, as Mlustrated, this corrective cireult comprises a capacitor 16 connected in se- Hles relation with an inductance (7. ‘The induct ance 11 is employed for the purpose of suppress ing undesirable oselllations and voltage transtents, from the impulse circult to the supply clreuit 1 In adjusting or selecting this part of the clreuit, the capacitive reactance of capacitor 16 is made substantially greater than the inductive reactance of inductance (7, and the difference therebetween, is made greater than the Inductive reactance of the impulse elrcult 2. ‘A load circuit 18 1s connected to be energized either directly from the output terminals 7 of the tank circult 8 or, as ilustrated, from the secondary winding 19 of transforming means 20, depending upon the voltage rating and other electrical characteristics of the particular load to be energized. We have operated various types, of loads from a tank circuit of this kind includ~ ing a bank of some twenty to twenty-five fluor- escent lamps and an induction motor at the Sth, ‘ith and 9th harmonies of a 60 cycle supply s¥s~ tem, Tt will be understood by those skilled in the art that a combination of duplicate circuits as shown, in Fig. 1 may be used with the output eircults thereof displaced in phase and interconnected to provide a polyphase output, without departing: from our invention in its broader aspects. “The operation of the embodiment of our inven tion Illustrated in Pig. 1 is substantially as fol- lows: The tank olrcult 3 is tuned to the desired ‘output frequency which may be assumed, for pur- ‘poses of explanation, as being the ninth harmonic of the fundamental of a sixty cycle supply circuit, ‘The impulse elrouit provides two electric impulses displaced 180 degrees referred to the fundamental frequency of 60 cycles and for each cycle thereof. ‘During the first part of each half cycle, the non- Unear inductive device 8 provides a relatively high impedance to. the flow of current so that very ttle current is transmitted to the tank eireuit 7 for this interval, As the voltage of the source increases still further, the current flowing through device 8 causes it to saturate, effecting an abrupt decrease in the valuo of the inductive reactance thereof and thereby effecting a substantial in- crease in the amount of current transmitted to the tank cireuit 7. In other words, an impulse of voltage or current is proauced as shown by curves ¢,d, or ¢ of Fig.3. At this time, the eapacl- tor § discharges through the tank circuit, thereby assuring the transmission of a positive ‘pulse of current to the tank circuit in one direction. Dur- tng the next succeeding half cycle of voltage of source 1, the impulse elreult 2 will produce an im- pulse of ‘voltage of opposite polarity to the tank cireult.. With the tank circult tuned to the 9th harmonie of the assumed 60 cycle fundamental source the voltage impulses will, in this single hase embodiment, coincide with every 9th cycle of the tank circuit so that the output. volta ‘would have a nine half-cycle variation in magni- ‘tude due to the spacing of the power impulses. If

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