STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or
phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the
sentence.

1. The human brain makes up only two percent of an adult's body weight.

2. The foreign policies that the Hoover administration undertook in 1929 were marked by
good will and peaceful purpose.

3. Children usually turn to their parents rather than to other figures of authority for
protection from threats in the environment.

4. The high tides and winds of hurricanes cause extensive damage to Pacific Island
nations each year.

5. Anthropologists study societies within their environments and evaluate the

adaptations they have made.

6. Malaria, which can be fatal if left untreated, is transmitted not by the female, by the male,
mosquito.

7. Like his predecessor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau is known for his
transcendental views.

8. The tallest bird on the North American continent, the white whooping crane, stands
four and a half feet tall.

9. For thousands of years, people have used vast amounts of wood for building and heating
their homes.

10. Past experience has shown that even well-trained experts do not always have
overwhelming success in forecasting interest rates.

11. If each gene in the human genome were more completely understood, many human
diseases could be cured or prevented.

12. Rarely has the federal government of the United States grown during a Republican
administration.
13. Water, one of the most critical elements for human survival, is also one of the most
abundant compounds on earth.

14. Relied on extensively by persons who cannot speak or hear, American Sign Language
ranks as the fourth most widely used language in the U.S. today.

15. Efforts to provide equal opportunity for minorities in the United States may be said to
date from the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

In questions 16–40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined
parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or
phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer
sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.

16. Chicago's Sears Tower, now the taller building in the world, rises 1,522 feet from the
ground to the top of its antenna.
(A comparative form is used where a superlative form is needed. Correction: tallest)
17. Vitamin E, which is found in nutritious foods such as green vegetables and whole grains,
action as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
(A noun form is used where a verb form is needed. Correction: acts)
18. Scientists is currently trying to map the human genome, the blueprint of human heredity.
(The singular verb is doesn't agree in number with the plural subject Scientists. Correction: are)
19. A snowflake is a frailty crystalline structure which maintains its delicate shape only as long
as it is airborne.
(A noun form is used where an adjective form is needed. Correction: frail)
20. James Dickey's first poem was published during he was still a senior in college.
(A preposition is used where an adverb clause marker is needed. Correction: while)

21. Most fatty acids have been find as essential components of lipid molecules.
(A passive is incorrectly formed. A past participle is needed. Correction: found)
22. Social stratification can based on many criteria, such as wealth, cultural level, legal status,
birth, personal qualities, and ideology.
(A modal passive is incorrectly formed. Correction: can be based)
23. In his famous domes, architecture Buckminster Fuller utilized thousands of simple
equilateral triangles linked together.
(An incorrect noun form is used. Architecture is the profession. Architect is the person who
practices this profession. Correction: architect)
24. Early in United States history, the rights of woman were championed in Wyoming, the state
where they were first guaranteed the right to vote.
(A singular noun is used where a plural noun is needed. Correction: women)
25. The most aggressive bees known, the African honeybee is currently swarming into North
America.
26. Only after Theodore Roosevelt became president did conservation developed into a major
environmental issue in the United States.
27. If he were alive today, F. Scott Fitzgerald might be surprised to learn that his novel The
Great Gatsby having transcended its own age and turned into a timeless classic.
28. The world's rain forests are being cut down at the rate on 3,000 acres per hour.
29. In all human communities, power yields certain advantages and privileges, such as honor,
material benefits, and prestigious.
30. Scientists used line spectra identifying the element helium in the sun.
31. The compute of the passage of time has always been associated with the movements of
celestial bodies.
32. Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essential natural resources before
the end of the twentieth century.
33. The discovered of gold in California in 1848 led to the Gold Rush of 1849.
34. The personality traits of children are often similar to those that of their parents, but these
traits are not always genetically conditioned.
35. Lecithins and other phospholipids play key roles the structure of cell membranes.
36. Wages and salaries account for nearly three fourths of the total nationally income
generated in the United States annually.
37. Farther evidence is needed to support recent research which suggests that certain
chemicals found in broccoli may act as cancer preventatives.
38. Contemporary newspaper columnist Russell Baker is noted for his commentaries
humorous written in the tradition of Benjamin Franklin.
39. Nutritional adequacy is hard to achieve on a low-calorie diet; even a small person should
not try to get by on less than twelve hundreds calories per day.
40. In reality, all biological reproductive begins at the cellular level.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions.
 It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins
early in the year. In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the
male calls to the female with a resonant hoot. The female is larger than the male.
She sometimes reaches a 5 body length of twenty-two to twenty-four inches, with a
Line (5) wingspread up to fifty inches. To impress her, the male does a strange courtship
dance. He bobs. He bows. He ruffles his feathers and hops around with an
important air. He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air.
Sometimes he returns with an offering of food. They share the repast, after which
she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the
(10) beat of an inner drum.
Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree
or even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow. These structures are large
and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes
owls nest 20 on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground.
(15) The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically
settles herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her
precious charges from snow and cold.
It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the
shell. As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide
(20) eyes and quizzical expressions. They clamor for food and keep the parents busy
supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles. Later in the season baby
crows are taken. Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game birds all fall prey to the
hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search for
their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the
(25) young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own.

41. What is the topic of this passage?

Raising a family of great horned owls.
42. In line 3-4, the phrase "a resonant hoot" is closest in meaning to
A sound.
43. It can be inferred from the passage that the courtship of great horned owls involves the
male alone.

44. According to the passage, great horned owls may inhabit a previously used nest.
45. According to the passage, which of the following is the mother owl's job?
To build the nest.
46. The phrase "precious charges" in lines 23 refers to the eggs.

47. According to the passage, young owlets eat everything except insects.

48. In line 27, the word "they" refers to the young birds
49. What can be inferred from the passage about the adult parents of the young great horned
owls?
They are sorry to see their young leave home

50. The phrase "weary of" in line 32 is closest in meaning to tire of.