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1. Anthropology The study of humans, human behavior,

and human societies.

2. Archeology Branches of Anthropology

Physical Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
Linguistic Anthropology
Applied Anthropology

3. Sociology The study of human relationships and

institutions.

4. Social Organization Branches of Sociology

Social Psychology
Applied Psychology
Population Studies
Human Ecology
Sociological Theory & Research
Social Change

5. Political Science A social science that deals with humans

and their interactions

6. Political Theory Branches of Political Science

International Relations
Comparative Politics
Political Methodology
Public Administration
Political Economy

7. Anthropological Perspective The main perspective of anthropology

are Holism Relativism, Comparison and
Fieldwork

8. Holism Relativism Looks at the entire context of a society

when analysing any specific feature

9. Comparison Uses comparison to describe, catego-

rize, interpret, explain, generalize, to cri-

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tique descriptions, interpretations, and
typologies

10. Fieldwork The term anthropologists use for on-lo-

cation research, the tools used can be:
participant observations, structured and
unstructured interviews, etc.

11. Sociological Perspective Conflict Perspective

Functionalist Perspective
Symbolic Interaction Perspective

12. Conflict Theory A theory that looks at society as a com-

petition for limited resources

13. Functionalist Perspective A sociological approach that empha-

sizes the way in which the parts of a soci-
ety are structured to maintain its stability.

14. Symbolic Interaction Perspective A sociology theory that seeks to under-

stand humans' relationship with their so-
ciety by focusing on the symbols that
help us give meaning to the experiences
in our life.

15. Theoretical Perspective Used to analyse and explain objects of

social study

16. anthropos & logos Anthropology is derived from this two

words.

17. Franz Boaz Father of American Anthropology

18. Sociological Imagination The vivid awareness of the relationship

between experience and the wider soci-
ety said by C. Wright Mills

19. Peter Berger Said that sociology enables us to see

"general patterns in particular events"

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20. Politikas The word Political is derived from this
greek word

21. Political Science is the most au- According to Aristotle in his Nico-
thoritative science machean Ethics

22. Society Is a group of people with common terri-

tory, interaction, and culture

23. Functionalist Definition Two types of Societies

Structural Definition

24. For Survival Reasons for people to live together

For Feeling of Gregariousness
Specialization

25. It is a Social System Characteristics of a Society

It is relatively large
It socializes its members
It endures, produces, and sus-
tains its members
It holds members through com-
mon culture
It has a clearly defined geograph-
ical territory

26. Pre-Class Types of Societies according to Econom-

Asiatic ic and Material System
Ancient
Feudal
Capitalist
Democratic

27. Simple Types of Societies according to Evolu-

Compound tionary View
Doubly Compound
Militant
Industrial
Post Industrial

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28. Food Gathering Types of Societies according to People's
Horticultural Substinence
Pastoral
Agricultural
Industrial
Information

29. Societas Society was derived from this latin word

meaning companion

30. Culture is that complex whole which includes

knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws,
customs and any other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a member of
society

31. Culture is learned Characteristics of Culture

Culture is transmitted
Culture is adaptive

32. Culture is learned The different habits, skills, values and

knowledge are acquired or learned in the
course of a person's life

33. Culture is transmitted Culture within a social group is transmit-

ted to succeeding generations through
imitation, instruction and example, in the
form of attitudes, values, beliefs and be-
havioral scripts are passed onto and
taught to individuals and groups

34. Culture is adaptive Changes in the environment are caused

by inventions and discoveries. Man is
capable of adjusting to his environment.
Adaption is the process of change in re-
sponse to a new environment

35. Symbols Elements of Culture

Language
Technology
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Values
Beliefs
Norms

36. Norms Has two types and three different forms

37. Proscriptive Norms defines and tells things not to do

Prescriptive Norms defines and tells things to do

38. Folkways also known as customs, these are the

Mores everyday traditions
Laws norms that controls moral and ethical be-
haviour
are controlled ethics, and written out and
enforced

39. Material Two Types of Culture

Non-Material

40. Imitation Modes of Acquiring Cultures

Indoctrination
Conditioning

41. Imitation Children and Adults alike have the ten-

dency to imitate or copy other things in
their social environment

42. Indoctrination This may take the form of formal training

or informal teaching

43. Conditioning Conditioning is done through the use of

punishments or rewards

44. Parallelism Adaptation of Culture

Diffusion
Convergence
Fission
Acculturation
Assimilation
Accommodation
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45. Parallelism The same culture may take place at two

or more places at the same time

46. Diffusion The process of spread of a feature or

trend from one place to another over time

47. Convergence Takes place when two or more cultures

are merged into one

48. Fission When people break away from their own

culture and develops their own

49. Acculturation The adoption of cultural traits, such as

language, by one group under the influ-
ence of another.

50. Assimilation When the culture of a larger society is

adapted by a smaller society

51. Accommodation Occurs when a large society and small

society are able to respect and tolerate
each other.

52. Discovery Causes of Cultural Change

Invention
Diffusion
Colonization
Rebellion and Revolutionary

53. Ethnocentrism Belief in the superiority of one's nation or

ethnic group.

54. Xenocentrism A belief that another culture is superior to

one's own

55. Cultural Diversity Differentiation of culture over the world

56. Sub-Culture A smaller group in a larger culture

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57. Counterculture refers to culture that opposes those
widely accepted culture

58. Culture Lag Occurs when some parts of the society

doesnt develop as fast as the others

59. Culture Shock the feeling of disorientation experienced

by someone who is suddenly subjected
to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set
of attitudes.

60. Ideal Culture cultural guidelines that group members

claim to accept

61. Real Culture actual behavior patterns of members of

a group

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