28/04/2023

PAMANTASAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City, Laguna
MAEM 103

CURRICULUM PLANNING
in the
PHILIPPINES
Presented by:

John Philip E. Reyes, LPT

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 Definition of Curriculum Planning
 Needs and Importance
 The Need for Curriculum Framework
 The Bases for Curriculum Planning
 Factors in Curriculum Planning
 2 Major Issues as to Who Plans the Curriculum
 Characteristics of Curriculum Planners
 The Use of Research in Curriculum Planning

CURRICULUM PLANNING
 Is the process whereby
the advance
arrangement of
learning opportunities
for a particular
population of learners
is created

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NEEDS AND IMPORTANCE OF

CURRICULUM PLANNING
 The need for Exactness and Particularity in making
decisions about ends and means demands scientific
curriculum planning.
 Curriculum planning develop well-coordinated, quality
teaching, learning and assessment programs, which build
students’ knowledge, skills and behaviors in the disciplines,
as well as their interdisciplinary and/or physical, personal
and social capacities.
 The full range of learning needs of students are
addressed

THE BASES OF CURRICULUM

PLANNING
• History
• Philosophy
• Social forces
• Psychology
• Religion
• Contemporary Issues

LACK OF CURRICULUM PLANNING

AND FRAMEWORK WILL RESULT TO:
 Sari-sari (hodgepodge)
 Pira-piraso (piemal)
 Tagpi-tagpi (patchwork)
 Sabog (lack of focus)
 Malabo (vague)
 Lakas ng kutob (gutfeel)
 Hula-hula (hunches)
 Gaya-gaya (patterned from an existing model)
 Bahala na (by chance)
 Patama-tama (non-deliberate)

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2 MAJOR ISSUES AS TO WHO

PLANS THE CURRICULUM
1. National or State and Local curriculum
control.
2. Relationship of laymen, academic
scholars, and elementary school and
secondary school and collegiate educators
in curriculum planning, parents and etc.

NATIONAL OR STATE AND LOCAL

CURRICULUM CONTROL
 The existing uniformity and the national
influences in the curriculum are frequently cited
as an argument for stronger national
curriculum control.
 However, many curriculum leaders have
observed that the real progress in curriculum
development is on a broken front.

CONTINUATION:

 Schools do not achieve minimum or other

standards at the same time. Neither do they
develop with equal interest and success new
ventures in the curriculum . Due to recognition
to the role of local and regional
experimentation in curriculum development
must be granted.

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ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN
CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION
• Stakeholders are individuals or
institutions that are interested in school
curriculum.
• These stakeholders shape the school
curriculum implementation.

“LEARNERS”
AS THE CENTER OF THE CURRICULUM

• For a particular curriculum design mentioned

earlier, the learner is placed at the center.
• The learners are the very reason a curriculum
is developed. They are the ones who are directly
influenced by it. Learners in all levels make or
unmake the curriculum by their active and
direct involvement.

“TEACHERS”
As curriculum developers and implementers
Planning and writing the curriculum are the
primary roles of the teacher.
• A teacher is a curriculum maker. He/she
writes a curriculum daily through a lesson plan , a
unit plan or a yearly plan.
• The teacher addresses the goals, needs,
interests of the learners by creating experiences
from where the students can learn.

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CONTINUATION:
• The teacher designs, enriches and modifies
the curriculum to suit the learner’s
characteristics.
• As a curriculum developer, teachers are
part of textbooks committees, faculty selection
boards, school evaluation committee or
textbook writers themselves.

From a designer or technician to a decision

maker.
• At this point, teachers’ role shift from a developer to
an implementer.
• Which of the plans should be put in to action and
how should it be done are decisions which the teachers
should make.
• Curriculum implementation is now giving life to the
written material. To do this, there is the need of
another actor, the learners. No curriculum will succeed
without the learners

Some of the considerations teachers should have

in curricular implementation

Choice of the activities

Methods to be utilized

Materials to be used

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A Student’s view about the teacher as a

curriculum maker and implementer

• Teachers shape the school curriculum by

sharing the experiences that they have and the
resources they are capable of giving or
imparting to the learners.
• But as the old saying goes , ”What can you
give if you have nothing to give? Applies to this
demand of teaches in curriculum
implementation”- Marianna

“CURRICULUM MANAGERS
AND ADMINISTRATORS”
• In a school organization, there is always a
curriculum manager or school administrator. In fact,
for school principals, one of their functions is being a
curriculum manager.
• They supervise curriculum implementation,
select and recruit new teachers, admit students,
procure equipment and materials needed for
effective learning. They also plan for the
improvement of school facilities and physical plants.

Why are school administrators and

curriculum managers important to
curriculum implementation?
• The school administrators play an important role
in shaping the school curriculum because they are the
people who are responsible in the formulation of the
schools’ vision, philosophy, mission and objectives.
• They provide necessary leadership in evaluating
teaching personnel and school program. Keeping
records of curriculum and reporting learning
outcomes are also the manger’s responsibilities.- Ceres

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“PARENTS”
AS PART OF THE CURRICULUM PLANNING
How do parents shape the curriculum and why are they
considered stakeholders? Here are some observations:
1. Effective parental involvement in school affairs may be linked
to parent educational programs which is central to high
quality educational experiences of the children .
2. The parents involvement extends from the confine of the
school to the homes. The parents become part of the
environment of learning at home.
3. In most schools the Parent Association is organized. This
organization is provided by law.

2 FACTORS IN CURRICULUM
PLANNING
1. Identifying relevant substantive decisions at
increasing levels of specificity and precision
2. Checking for consistency between and among
the ends—and—means decisions by a two—
way process of derivation and evaluation at
each stage and by referring to data sources for
basic information

CHARACTERISTICS OF A
CURRICULUM PLANNER
 Open-minded
 Willing to listen
 Ready to Adapt

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OPENMINDED
 Is
an indispensable characteristics in those
who plan the curriculum
 Understanding of the values of the past
practices and of school community and
traditions is important.
 Must analyze and evaluate all aspects of
the program of schools to make certain in
providing the best program. And to avoid
hindering the acceptance of new ideas.

WILLING TO LISTEN
 Well-founded criticisms on the curriculum
and education must be listened to by the
curriculum planners.

 Remediation of the curriculum ills strengthen

the school program.

READY TO ADAPT
 There is
a wisdom adopting relevant foreign
educational practices and must not resist
change and experimentation.

 Curriculum leaders should critically and

thoroughly educational practices in other
countries seeking new plans, methods, and
programs that will be useful in improving
the curriculum of our country.

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THE USE OF RESEARCH IN

CURRICULUM PLANNING
 Research affects many curriculum in many ways like
for example:
1. Sound proposals presented for considerations,
(Hypotheses to be tested by actual tryout in school
programs
2. People who are engaged in curriculum planning
can do their jobs effectively because they are aware
of the latest or least review, related studies about
curriculum change and etc.