FINAL EXAM CONTENTS.

4º ESO SCHOOL YEAR

2013-2014

4th YEAR COMPULSORY EDUCATION. FINAL EXAM CONTENTS

GRAMMAR
 Modal verbs (must / can / should/ ought to / might / may )
 Modal perfects (must have been / might have been / could have been …)
 Conditionals
1st  IF + PRESENT … FUTURE
2nd  IF + PAST … CONDITIONAL
3rd  IF + PAST PERFECT … WOULD HAVE + past participle
Mixed  IF + PAST PERFECT … WOULD + INFINITIVE

 All the tenses: Present Simple & Continuous; Past Simple & Continuous; past Perfect ; future )
 Present Perfect
 Yet/Already/ Since/ for / ago
 Relative pronouns
 Reported speech
 Statements
 Questions (careful with WORD ORDER)
 Orders

VOCABULARY

1. EASILY CONFUSED WORDS

 PRICE / FARE/ RATE / FEES

Fare  tarifa de un billete de un medio de transporte; A transportation charge, as for a bus.
Tuition fees  tasas universitarias; A charge for professional services
Room rate  precio de habitación; the amount of money charged daily for a hotel room

 COACH vs. BUS

Coaches are lot bigger and designed for longer journeys and have a higher level of comfort. They may also
have a larger storage area and a half size lower deck a toilet and possibly television. Buses on the other hand
are designed for shorter journeys and have lower level of comfort. They may come with a double deck but
little or no storage.
 SPANIARD (noun) VS. SPANISH (adjective)
 SELF-CONFIDENCE vs. TRUST
 DUTY (a task or action that a person is bound to perform for moral or legal reasons) vs. RIGHTS (any claim,
title, etc, that is morally just or legally granted as allowable or due to a person)
 TRIP/ TRAVEL/ JOURNEY / VOYAGE / CRUISE
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv209.shtml
 KIT (Group-Kit) vs QUIT (Dejar de) vs. KITE(cometa) vs QUIET (Silencio) vs QUITE(bastante)
 RATHER(bastante - sentido negativo) vs QUITE(bastante - normal,positivo) Rather boring / Quite nice
 CIVIL UNION vs DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIP vs SAME-SEX MARRIAGE
 LOCKED IN(encerrado dentro) vs LOCKED OUT (encerrado fuera)

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2. DEFINITIONS

 Slums A heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor. Often used in the
plural.
i.e In many cities in France and England there are now slums, breeding grounds for many sorts of problems.
 Shift  The working period of a group of workers that relieve another on a regular schedule. a crew of
workers who work for a specific period of time
i.e. "You ask to leave work during your shift almost every day".
He's willing to work either overtime or night shift.
 Charity  An institution, organization, or fund established to help the needy
 Homesickness  It is the distress caused by the separation from the specific home environment or
attachment objects. Homesickness frequently occurs when one travels and it is especially common in youth.
 Couch surfing  Couchsurfing is a neologism referring to the practice of moving from one friend's house to
another, sleeping in whatever spare space is available, floor or couch, generally staying a few days before
moving on to the next house.
 (To be a) morning lark  is a person who usually gets up early in the morning and goes to bed early in the evening.
 (To be a) night owl  someone who usually stays up late and may feel most awake in the evening.
 Consumerism  is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-
greater amounts.
 Generation gap  A difference in values and attitudes between one generation and another, especially
between young people and their parents. the years separating one generation from the generation that
precedes or follows it, esp when regarded as representing the difference in outlook and the lack of
understanding between them.
 Commuter  a person who travels to work over an appreciable distance, usually from the suburbs to the
centre of a city. The verb is TO COMMUTE.
 Scapegoat  a person who is blamed or punished for the mistakes of others.
The manager of the football team was made a scapegoat for the team's failure, and was forced to resign.
 Merrymaking Festive or happy activity
 Put the spin on  To interpret an event to make it seem favorable or beneficial to oneself or one’s cause
 Use up (to)  To finish (a supply); consume completely
 Quaint (adj.)  Having an old-fashioned or unusual quality or appearance that is usually attractive or
appealing
 Krewe A private organization staging festivities (such as parades) during Mardi Gras in New Orleans
 Float A motor vehicle used to carry an exhibit in a parade
 One-Storey house A house that only has one floor.
 Multitask  The action of carry on several activities at the same time like using your laptop, listening music...?
 the carrying out of two or more tasks at the same time by one person
 Laptop  It's a kind of PC that you can use wherever you want because it's portable?
 a personal computer that is small and light enough to be operated on the user's lap
 Online dating  It's the action of meeting people by a website there you can find friends or even a boyfriend
or girlfriend
 Throng (to)  To gather in a crowd or in a great numbers
 Flesh The soft part of the body of an animal or human, esp. muscular issue, as distinct from bone and viscera
 Decked out: Decorated
 Put away  To return(something) to the correct or proper place, to keep
 Ash  The fine particles formed when matter is burnt
 Farewell  Goodbye, something that you say to a person who is leaving
Farewell party  fiesta de despedida
 Bead  A small, usually round piece of glass, wood, stone, etc. that has a hole through its centre and that is
put on a string with other similar pieces, and worn as jewellery or that is sewn onto clothing
 Generation M  (often shortened to genM)
 Pick-up truck  a light truck with an open body and low sides and a tailboard.

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3. PREPOSITIONS

 (be) Fond OF  Estar interesado en algo / sentir apego hacia alguien.

i.e. She is fond of having picnics; I am very fond of Michael.
 (be) proud of  estar orgulloso de
 (be) eager to  entusiasmado, ansioso, impaciente i.e. I am eager to show you my new house.
 (be) bound (to)  Es fijo que, lo más seguro
 (be) willing to  deseoso de
i.e. I am willing to finish the report myself but you’ll have to give me more time.
i.e. I am willing to cook dinner tonight.
 Carry ON  Continuar
 Caught UP IN  Estar involucrado en
 days OFF días libres
 Detox FROM  desintoxicarse de
 Due TO  debido a
If you are not sure when to use DUE TO or BECAUSE OF, one trick you can use is to substitute “due to” with
“caused by.” If the substitution does not work, then you probably shouldn’t use “due to” there. My low grade was
due to lack of study= My low grade was caused by lack of study.
The substitution works, so “due to” is being used correctly. Here is another example:
I missed the class due to the rain.
*I missed the class caused by the rain.
The substitution doesn’t work here, so “due to” shouldn’t be used there. The correct sentence would be:
I missed the class because of the rain.

 Give WAY to  Dar el paso, ceder el paso

 Hooked ON  Estar enganchado a i.e. “He'd gotten completely hooked on the new video game.” Estuvo
completamente enganchado al nuevo videojuego.
 Instead OF en lugar de eso, siempre se coloca al final cuando no va seguido de OF
 Keen ON  Aficionado a i.e. He's very keen on eating Chinese food! (Es muy aficionado a la comida) china.
 rely ON  confiar en
 spend money ON  gastarse dinero en
 set OFF fireworks  encender fuegos artificiales
 split UP WITH  cortar con (relaciones amorosas)
 Take OVER  Dominar, apoderarse, adueñarse.
 Tell sb OFF Reñir, regañar
 Show OFF  jactarse, alardear, fanfarronear
 to be IN a bad mood  estar de mal humor
 to be IN a good mood  estar de buen humor
 To be IN the mood FOR + ING  i.e. Perhaps you're in the mood for a cruise in the Caribbean. Quizás te
apetezca un crucero por el Caribe.
 Turn OFF FROM  desconectar de i.e. Turning on the television is actually a way to"turn off" from the world.

4. SYNONYMS & OPPOSITES

o Duty (deberes) vs. right (derechos)
o squander , waste vs save (money)
o careless vs. careful
o clockwise (en el sentido de las agujas del reloj) vs anticlockwise (en el sentido inverso a las agujas del reloj)
o encouraging (alentador) to stimulate (something or someone to do something) by approval or help; support
vs. discouraging
o pack hacer las maletas vs. unpack  deshacer las maletas
o Upload vs. Download

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Synonyms
o Brag = boast
o Bear = stand = put up with
o Thronged = packed = crowded

5. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS & SAYINGS

o far and wide  over great distances; everywhere
o the line is engaged  la línea está ocupada
o rat race  i.e. This degree of comfort helps you to quickly forget stress and the daily rat race.
o so far  hasta el momento.
o up to now  hasta el momento.
o every other day  un día sí y otro no
o You name it  "You name it" means "whatever you want". Example: Today's your birthday and I will take you
to any restaurant you want. You name it! =(Puedes escoger el restaurante)
I want to buy your car. I will pay you any price. You name it! = (Voy a pagar el precio que quieras porque
realmente quiero comprar tu coche).
o I guess!! Me imagino, supongo
o How long does it take you to + INFINITIVE?  ¿cuánto tiempo te lleva?
It takes me five minutes to + INFINITIVE  me lleva cinco minutes ….
o Can you relate to those statements? ¿ Te sientes identificado/a con estas afirmaciones?
o It's no use crying over spilt milk  Agua pasada no mueve molinos
o Every cloud has a silver lining  No hay mal que por bien no venga
o I heard it from the grapevine  Me lo dijo un pajarito.
o Feel the urge to  Tener ganas de
o Got sb to… convencer a alguien de algo.
o He is my flesh and blood  Él es carne de mi carne
o I can't afford  No me puedo permitir
o I can't bear having much responsibility - No puedo soportar tanta responsabilidad
o I couldn't help hugging her  No puedo evitar abrazarla
o I don't feel like studying English today  No me apetece estudiar inglés hoy
o I don't mind  No me importa
I don't mind doing the washing up - No me importa lavar los platos
o I regret to inform …  Lamento informar
o I'm sick and tired OF eating hamburgers every day - Estoy hasta las narices de comer hamburguesas todos los
días
o It's bound to be worse Se estima que será peor
o It's estimated - Se estima
o Let their hair down  Desmelenarse
o Must have taken  Debe de haberlo cogido
o Take a cat's nap  Echar una cabezada
o Take up your free time - Comiendo tu tiempo libre
o Technology is seen as a social obstacle  La tecnología es vista como un obstáculo social
o There's life beyond the screen Hay vida más allá de la pantalla
o We're used TO getting up earlier  Estamos acostumbrados a levantarnos pronto
o catch/get a glimpse of sth  a brief or incomplete view: to catch a glimpse of the sea

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6. RELATIONSHIPS

o Flirt with sb  coquetear con alguien

o to date sb  estar saliendo con alguien
o split up with  cortar con alguien
o to fancy sb  molarle alguien
o to cheat on sb  ponerle los cuernos a alguien
o be jealous of sb  tener celos de alguien

7. US vs. UK English

US UK MEANING
Sidewalk Pavement acera
Vacations Holidays Vacaciones
Metro Underground /Tube (London) Metro
Yard Garden Jardín
Rubber (condón) Rubber (goma) Big difference in meaning
Driver’s license Driving license Carnet de conducir
Fall Autumn Otoño
Vest Waistcoat Chaleco
Resumé Curriculum Vitae (CV) curriculum
Gas (station) Petrol (station) Gasóleo / gasolina
Traveling Travelling
Spelling differences
Neighbor neighbour

8. ODDS & ENDS

 Affordable considered to be within one's financial means. i.e. This fee helps to keep local telephone rates
affordable for all customers
 Amusing  divertido, gracioso, entretenido
 Arresting  llamativo, atractivo
 Ashtray - Cenicero
 Assess (to)  Evaluar / Assessed - Evaluado
 attend  asistir
 Barn  Establo
 Barnacles  percebes
 Bear  Soportar (=Stand)
 behave  comportarse
 behavior  comportamiento
 Belly  barriga
 blackmail  (vb) chantajear, (noun) chantaje. Extortion of money or something else of value from a person by
the threat of exposing a criminal act or discreditable information.
 bloody  sangriento
Boast (to)  presumir, alardear i.e. He often boasts about how rich he is
 Boundaries - Fronteras
 Bow Tie  Pajarita
Brag (to)  Alardear/Presumir (=Boast)
i.e. He is always bragging about how rich he is. (Está alardeando siempre de lo richo que es)
 Brand  Marca
 Breed  Raza
 cattle  ganado

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 Character  Personalidad o personaje de un libro

i.e. I really like her. She has a lot of character.
(Me gusta como persona. Tiene mucho carácter)
 Charming (adjective)  Encantador
 Checked shirt  Camisa de cuadros
 Chewy - Que se necesita masticar moito, correoso(ex.pulpo)
 Chopped - Picado (food)
 Coin (to)  acuñar
 Compel / coerce  Coaccionar
 Confined  Restringida
 Conquer (to)  Dominar
 Convenient  close by or easily accessible; handy
 Dachshund  Perro Salchicha
 Deceive (to)  Engañar
 Demanding  Exigente
 Device/Gadget  aparato/dispositivo
 Dive head first  Tirarse de cabeza.
 Donor  Donante
 Dwelling place Lugar de residencia.
 Effort  Intento
 Elderly lady señora mayor, anciana (euphemism)
 Enable  habilitar, posibilitar
 every other day  on and off
 exploitation  explotación
 Faint (to)  desmayarse
 Fast (to)  Ayunar
 Feasible  Factible
 feel tempted to do sth sentirse tentado a
 Figure  Cifra
 Fit  En forma KEEP FIT  mantenerse en forma
 Flashy  Llamativo, ostentoso, chillón
flattering (comments, remarks)  to praise (someone) in a way that is not sincere; to praise excessively
especially from motives of self-interest. i.e. He flattered her with comments about her youthful appearance.
 Float  Carroza
 Gambling  juego/apuestas
 Go backpacking - De mochileros
 Go hitchhiking  hacer autoestop
 Gory  sangriento, cruento
 Grab (to) Coger
 Graveyard/cemetery Cementerio
 Hail  Granizo
 Harm(=hurt)  Lastimar, hacer daño
 Have a lie-in  remolonear en cama
 Hay  Heno
 Hay fever  Fiebre del heno
 Hiccups  hipo
 Hide / Leather Piel de animal / cuero
 Historical site  sitio histórico
 Hose  Manguera
 host (to)  alojar, hacer de anfitrión
 Hotspring  Agua caliente(manantial)
 House chores  Tareas del hogar
 hunchback  jorobado
 Inverted commas/ quotation marks Comillas
 Income tax  Declaración de la renta.

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 Kidney  Riñón
 Lengthy Largo
 Life Partner  Forma eufemística de Boyfriend/Girlfriend
 lockers  taquillas
 love affairs  An intimate sexual relationship or episode between lovers; a romantic or sexual relationship
especially between two people who are not married to each other
 Marshmallow  nubes de algodón
 Mob Multitud / mafia
 Mouse/Mice (plural) Ratón / Ratones
 Neglect  Negligencia (sust.) / descuidar, desatender (verbo)
 On the downside  en el lado negativo
 Oversleep (to)  quedarse dormido
 Paperwork  Papeleo administrativo
 Paprika  Pimentón
 Parsley Perejil
 Perform (to)  Representar
 Performance  representación, actuación i.e. His career has been marked by many masterful performances
 plot  argumento
 Ranch  rancho
 Rape  Violar
 Receipts  Recibos, facturas, tickets.
 Refurbishing Reformas
 Regret (to)  arrepentirse de If it is about sth you did in the past it is followed by –ING i.e. I regret telling you
that lie.
 Regret (to)  Lamentar
 Reinforce - Reforzar
 Reliable  worthy of trust
 Roots origins o Raíces
 Saying frase hecha, refrán / Refrain - estribillo
 Schedule Horarios
 Shadow vs. shade

Shadow/ ˈʃædəʊ/ hace referencia a la sombra que proyecta una persona o cosa. Por ejemplo: “His shadow
was long and dark” Su sombra era larga y oscura. ¿Te has fijado? He utilizado "shadow" porque me estoy
refiriendo a la sombra de una persona.
- Your drawing is very strange, I can't see where the shadow of the tree is. Tu dibujo es muy extraño, no puedo
ver dónde está la sombradel árbol. Nota: Aquí sombra aparece como "área oscura que proyecta un objeto".

Shade /ʃeɪd/ Es la sombra que sirve para protegerse del sol. No hace referencia a la sombra que proyectan
las personas o cosas. -Let's sit in the shade. Sentémonos en la sombra. Nota: Estoy diciendo "sentémonos en
un lugar protegido del sol", por eso uso "shade" y no "shadow".

 Shortcuts  Atajos
 Slide  Deslizarse
 Sliding doors Puertas correderas.
 Slip  Resbalar
 sly  astuto
 Smurf  Pitufo
 Spinster  Solterona
 Stag party  despedida de soltero
 Staged - Escenificado, representado
 struggle  esforzarse por, luchar por
 Stumble upon - Tropezar con / toparse con
 sunset  atardecer
 Suspenders  Tirantes

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 Tannery  Curtidoría
 Tents  Tiendas
 The more you… the + comparative  Cuanto más... más
 Thrive - Florecer  Bloom para plantas
 Thronged/Packed/Crowded  Petado/abarrotado
 Thus (linking word)  Por tanto
 To gather - Reunirse
to suit sb best  irle mejor, venirle mejor algo a alguien. i.e. The 19th of April would suit me best to come visit
your shop.
 To tear desgarrar
 To be given a ticket  to be fined (que lo multan)
 To tease  Picar, chinchar
 Toddler  Bebé que gatea (de uno a dos años)
 travel light  to bring very few things with you when you go on a trip (viajar ligero de equipaje)
 Tray  Bandeja
 Trigger (to)  (usually followed by off) to give rise (to); set off i.e. the noise triggered an avalanche. His
words triggered (off) an argument.
 Venture - Inicio de negocio(sust.) / atreverse(verb)
 Vow Promesa
 wage  sueldo
 wealthy / well-off  rich
 Well  Pozo
 Worth  Valorar
 Youth  Juventud a youth  un joven
 Snap (to)  say abruptly (hablar bruscamente, espetar)
 Pant (to)  jadear
 Dash (to)  salir pitando, salir corriendo
 Retail sale the sale of goods individually or in small quantities to consumers (venta al por menor)
 Arresting (adjective)  llamativo, impresionante
 Unrivalled (adj.) sin rival, sin igual, sin par
 Coated (covered with)  cubierto, revestido
 Fillings relleno
 Shade  tonalidad, matiz
o In the shade  a la sombra

US SCHOOL SYSTEM
Pottery  alfarería
Weights  pesas
Weightlifting  halterofilia
Sewing  costura
Schedule  horario
Switch (to)  change
Corsage  arreglo floral para poner en la muñeca o en la solapa

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CULTURE AND TRADITIONS

 Poppy Day = Remembrance Day
You can find information at http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/remembrance.html
When is it celebrated?
Where does the name come from?
What do people do on that day?

 Buy Nothing Day

http://www.buynothingday.co.uk/

 Carnival (Mardi Gras in New Orleans)

 Easter. Check the heading SPECIAL OCCASIONS on the school website.

 Differences between the States and Spain

 Urban planning
 Landscape
 Eating habits
 Organ donation

 US School system: daily routines, the way the year is structured, electives, summer jobs, special activities…
Check the heading SPECIAL OCCASIONS on the school website.

 4th July (Independence Day). Check the heading SPECIAL OCCASIONS on the school website.

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