"03 Eb btiletiheals Poh Parcel si 11455388 (Section B) Q.No. 2 (i) REFLECTION : when the waved passing in. one medium _pait on the Surpace of another medium, Ihey bounce back into Ihe _piktl mediven This Phenomena i called xeplection. RULES: whe angie op incidence if equal to the aa qle op teplection. eThe incident xay Ihe normal and me plecled gay at Ihe pot of . a incidence all Lie in Ihe Some plane - REFLECTION IN RIPPLE TANK: P Ne when a bawies if placed in a Ripple tank, Sa pate The plane walu waver one Replectect If) the sere N bower i¢ placed al'ar angle to Ihe woveptonl a the replerled waves obey he tow of fe plection ie he angle of inuident Koy iS equal to Gace the angle op &epleclad wole Tout: (4iecy) Q.No.2(i) PITCH OF SOUND | QUALITY OF SouND Depinition The choraclerstic op found by |The chord clase op Sound & which we COM didtinguith between | which we ‘con Ae binquich between Shull and grave Sounds ig colled|two Soundt of Ihe Larne Ioudnese Pitch . " Land pitch iS called quaity Dependance i It depend’ on the parquency The | tt depend & on he wow Cporms J highes the prequency ihe qkedlr | off Sounds. Dippeunt Savnd $ hove ihe pitch |aip peat wave pom? and quan'ty . 4 Fp P 5 EQ women have high pat quencychiq04 a ee ie ce ee See ee ere ae ee GIVEN | lowest audible prequency f, = 20Hz Hiqhesl audible prequency f= 2b,000Hz Gpeed op sound ve 332 me! + TO FIND: wavelengths op Sounds Ar, Az= ? « FORMULA: Speed- Frequent y wbvelungth (v= fr) + SOLUTION: fox Qvaible parquency fiz ve fidy Ave 0/6) 129-322-720 Q. No. 2 (iii) , 16-6 mo For highest audible ptequency fu: e feba A2a= 1 => 332 20000: Aa= 0-011Tm + RESULT: The wowelengtn o* Oudible_plequency Souncl ancl haghest Gudible prquency iS 1b-Grn And 0:01Im gesp- t Q.No. 2 (iv) SHORT SIGHTEONESS CMYORIA) + DEFINITION + he cle aEUEE Of} &Ye to pore aiStincL shop nage op & dittint object i called Shoat meg uecenens POSITION OF OBTECT: he aby ect iL al ai tint (por way.) point EFFECT ON EYEBALL sis ic cut to the eyeball being too tong . FORMATION OF IMAGE! the image op object i pormed inpront op Retina counting, A blWULA image on Retina: CORRECTION: It can be comected by voting & awenging Ceoncove) nse - The ——— lense civerge ine Ughl AayL- To he obsewes, eRe (TONSA the Rays Oppeo to come prom pax point nate Tita . andl Lo posms a Shasp- vidtual image pera ees 4 — =te eas Sr iat ir 3 bitin, 05 Ar ee 21455388 Q.No.2(v) ~GWEN: Magnitude of chaage 9 = +2¢ Polential ot one point Va = !o0V Polkotial at otha point Vb= SOV + TO FIND: Energy suppued by choaqe Es *FORMULA: Enegy Supplied ~ qlva- b) on E= av e SOLUTION + Ensitiiy Supplied by chorge E- qlva-vb) = y (100 —S0) 2 (S80) TT” OT «RESULT: The energy Suppued by the chouge while moving pier _G point op oov to SOU iS 100T- Q.No.2 (vi) COLO LEAF ELECTRO SLOPE: it iS oO sensitwe inStaument used por Ihe detector of charges - CONSTRUCTION | It consitit op bkass 10d eonnecled to GQ beast Ask at the upper end and 2 gold poil leaves al the bottom. It posses theough On intulatoa that Keeps the Zod in place: The whole Sytlam i$ placed inside goss jor: The chaxges can eeeihy move ptom the disk to the thin qold Leaves. A thin aluminive poit iS connecled at the inside oy | jor al itS low& portion . The pot is usvally quounded by Lass atisk conneeB AH it with o conducting woppu wike to beast te Earth: This ic clone +d Keep the qota teaves Sape pom exltunal electrical aidtubances. ar} LV fdbaves a ————06 a ee ee ee ee ee Q. No. 2 (vii) Q. No. 2 (viii)Emer Spr Letidrgats be SP ie trie 3i 0145538 07 Eber Letdreate Bil ie iri le sie 21455388 No.2 (1) NOT OPERATION : DEFINITION + It iS a logic operxahon in which when the vaive of inpet is O the output iS 4 andl when the input iS1, the ovtput ic O- BOOLEAN EQUATION: It's sienbol iS bor (+) ond Audion is X= A crcad af X equals A NOT ) TRUTU TABLE AND EXPLANATION | A bulb it connected to o bolley by 0 switch in poxrollet.wnen ihe switch iS oper, the bulb i ON and wher switch iL clos@, bib ig OFF due Ep xesistance of bib TABLES: [Sainte i we SSINGUT oupUTe) [evose | OFF 1 a le iS called ag inverter as it chonges ire Side of | Syeakal’ a RA Boolkar variable . It PEPorMS SinvlRSiON wep lLementation| and co change o High level input to low Level and vice veuto| Q.No. 2 (x) The Aitection of magnetic pieid can be pound usin “RIGHTMAND GRIP RULE "which stokes thal “we hold ao cument COmIng wike in oUe Rght hand Suchthat 'he thumb points in the ditection op arent then ouing the bigers ob hand will give the clikection of) magne ne pieta “oD wide . wwsert, A) VEWARD DIRECTION: I) the current iS iP upwod cbgection, hen oy pointing thumb vpwads, ow fingers will curl in antelockwise cuRECtON - Thus Ihe disection re oD magnetic Lines of poace wil be in anticlockwise digection— by DOWN WARD DIRECTION : By pointing [he thumb| Sinettes in downward ctistection » the ping as will al in Cd deel clockwise igection therrpote the cizection 0 |) 4 pietd will BC cloclewise event ,a ee ae a ee ee ey ee RE er ee 08 Q. No. 2 (xi) FAX MACHINE: It is an electaonic aevike which sends injowmahO™ prom one place to anolher im~ the potmr of) electrical tiqnal - FUNCTION AND WORKING ? The pascimile’s oA por mnachine I< widely used all around the woud to vend in) orrna bor Ine Luding tent and qaaphicS - the NOx machine ScanS_o page and converte ibs tent and gAeph cs into electatcol s grat which it then [loneiileato> Ihe other pow raachine . The olhut machine receives the Siqnol anc converts the siqnal back into lenl- A punter iS used to woPy he eness 0.9 Seal_onto 0 papu- Q.No.2 (xi) NUCLEAR FUSION ; It is Re process by which 2 Ugnier nuclei jon ok puse to potrna heavied nucle: MASS - ENERGY RELATION : The mass of pinal oveles iS olusays Smaller than the otiginal auclis- Actogding to mass- eng AeLabion, thiS mass i¢ conve xied to ent EXAMPLE: Wher 0 peutaium CH) combines with Uanure GH) oo Wewilens Subtle od of-paostcles if posmed - TH+ ‘3 Sele int ener ENER@ey : (kL Releases loage atau of. ene (25-7 Mev) which equals fo £-14 Mey enew pe nucleon | The) enegy coming psorm the Son ond tTors is o Result of) Hysior Reackhon op hyduogen nuclei into Welium . Temperature on cue ig 2OmiWion TovleS which ig povousable In thd Reaction,Ebb L ot ol el ee aeees 21455388 Q. No. 2 (xiii) Q.No.2uiy_ GWEN? Cis Spr i co- 4uF Ceq,= 60 prot = 44 = Ceq «60 To FIND: C3? FORMULA: a: tear “= Vu Ne Vas SoLUTION ; 4} 41: | +1 + ret tr 60. SPF 4pr Ca = foe ATs f ee Cs 60 i apred a Mag’ of >s 41-35 => 1D 60 a pF - 2 Wea 12/60 = Ca=60/12 4 | C3= Spra nS ee ee a ee en ee 10, Q. No. 2 xv) NENSITY LEVEL! the aiippeenc® between the Lovdnes® of unknown sound (L) and the loudness op painte st audible Souhd (Lo) is called the inlenstiy Level of) ontenowe found - DERWNATION : Loudness L & log T L= KloqT = ty For Lovdnest of faintest audible sound (Le) of Intensity is) Los Klog Tei) Cubtractog °F di) promdy Leboe K tq I/t. when I= lOTo, the infensity evel if taker aS a onil (Bel) and yalve op & becomes 4 latensity Level= leq z Ceel) Bel is tage ‘unie. us SAMOS, omik Intensity vel> 10 1oq T (ds) 7 To 2 ic CaeciBel de) s4Belz10 oe— Zot st Lt le tie Sk ay RE Spb Let raale F/O ae intr se 71455385 iT Glone) 21455388 Q. No. 3 (Page 1/4) -O- RESISTANCE : Accoading to Ohm's law , Mthe ment JT passing theovgh an conduc lex i& ARectly puportonal to the potential aibpeence V opplied across the 2 end off conductor such that the “lempeaturs and phySical cons tion of) conduc tor doeenot change” Qo, ITav of =VaL ve IR T where R iS the constant of seoporbon abi called dhe AesiStante of conductor: DEFINITION OF RESISTANCE : «The phopaty op O substance due to whith it opDaS opposition to the fie borpidieatianis Cetwonges) iS called Resistance - The sppatition iL ave to the collisions of the eleclaon’ in wren with the Gtomd ob conductor . + FORMVLA: R= v/L S SUONIT! H's St omit i$ ohn (-2) depined as “ipa voltage ob AV is appied accross lhe ends op conduc tot Such thot it produces oO chouye ep | Anifiei, GES Resistance will be tohm (1a) © + GRAPH OF OHM'S LAW Fi Ke voltage iS inceared the cunreat pasin Aran Gh the wcductoa will alsd incaease “The qaaph if a staaignt Un@ the slope of which i$ conStant (ie @= constant ) -Bd TN TE eT ne en eee AW. vy . Rlentad ). vpllege| An? wa, Q. No. 3 (Page 2/4) i > cumant CL) OHMIC ANDO NON OUMIC: a “The mralwoly which have constant gecistance Over wide Range ep galkende ie called ohmic conductor: > The makwals whith have Sesittance thal chong es with voltage ot sun nil aLe Said to be non- Ohmic Conductoxs. Ohmic conductors have a Linton voltaqe--currenl agtation ship in which rdUo'of) V and | if con stant * eg (metals). Non-ohmic have non Bae ar voltaqe- euiad Aa lation Ship - Eig pilorrect, lamp (Resigtance incre aSeS ] And thermistor (assistance denease® br heats g | aa \ Amp Lamp) nie Florent Thesis FACTORS AFFECTING RESISTANCE: Evplanation? 4 long wa pipe of pus rnore Resistance than oO Short one Gieitoaly O pipe with Hang ex: cross. Sectional area provides tors aesistance thon smaller OnL a" Sirnitanly long wihes Opper more Recistanw and thick wikes opp Less resistance than thin wikes:2B Sebi L tira bl Sprinilir a> 21455388 Q.No.3 (page 3/4) this We conclude thal poctors oppec tin Racictance OAL . Lengths op Conductor es Arx20 of condu et0& + Nae op conductor + Ternprolne ¢ physical condition ) DERIVATION ? Fora puticular Substance at pined Emp’, The Aesistance @ is caseictly pappoMional to ihe Len qth of conductor, Bick (4) I) Length & inne ased, 2 will also werwase anal vice vasa: Resistance varies inversely GS the cross sech Onal + Awa , Rx WA G) Thick wittS hove tess @ than thin wited- Carmbiang (4) and 2) RaLyA Qs pls A whae p iS the constant of peo portion ant called the As Sebi ok Spe ic Resittance - +p Leng ih” Op wike iS tre and oxea it Im* then Z=p So ih tm of ae conductor je taken, its eesictance will be equal N Speapic Sesitance .21455388 ee ee ee Q. No. 3 (Page 4/4) (te) GWEN | Power qenetaolkd P+ SOOMW voltage. vz caso kv To FINO : Gusev | | 209 FoRMuLA: P= Vx L ; : t QoOLUTION : Pov Tie eu, vl = SOOMN aso kv = [£00 KIO Wy 6 Meqar 10* Uasoxio2v 103 T = 2000 Amperr RESULT: The anent pasting will bE 2000 Amp.es Eb bti lot lrcule bas v 21455388 Q. No. 4 (Page 1/4)acai i inieicie italill Wii’\\ < sili Cine 012 alee iieai Caaiieisin | “alain Q. No. 4 (Page 2/4)g Q. No. 4 (Page 3/4)Q. No. 4 (Page 4/4)na ieee Ebb Letbrculg bah ie iti Se 21455388 Q. No. 5 (Page 1/4) CO) Ac GENERATOR : NAR AC gene Ralor converts eine tic even CMechanical) into electaical 1 Aotational enu& 4. CONSTRUCTION : a Ik consist op ar aumobure Cuil) which it rolaled c1caess the pneu ves pictd o) extanal mnidigael + produce induced ewsent * + The woop op coil moves within the pietd and it perpendicular to the peitd at the ends of magnet. When ik moves, it cts aioe o dhe pRogsEbe inet oy porce and induced Saronp) iS iproduced « + tt _consict of AWonomela to délecl the puduction op electrical cumank in wiseS- + IE coasiSt of) Rings and baushes por the shad if py 4 Low Cutakonal movement ) ob coil + WORKING : Whee the coil moves in magachc pier, curstent id The staan gin induced due _te ledtiomagnekc induction . Pp corrent aepends on The number oD magne Unes of poree parsing Mena is coil: The numberof Lines is manimum when the Loop i& perpendiculoy to ihe picid: Me oumber oP lines of magnetic porce is minimum when the boop of) ceil iS parallel ty the mogqaehc Lines of porce § «Thus the Aange ob cusrenl chien ted porn ra aynimurn £0 mininnum Conbnvousl and back to movimurn. Twig iS the motel Puncipe of AC Jene ralodQ. No. 5 (Page 2/4) FACTORS EFFECTING INDUCEO EMF: Actoading to, wnduedern sy = VBL sind Induted eral) = NWwAS s the induced era depends on + the number of) loops Chuns) ep col the onea of) coil 2 the Staeagth op magnetic a js Ine len gin op wike op col twill be increased ip on Op it iS increased. FLow OF cuRRENT: swhen the plane of boop iS pependiculou to ihe bi ietd, the number of maqnele LnesS op pore Passing KH manimum bot the change in soi Oap Geb Lines iS minimum, 8o induced emf 12 Ao» The ewreal induced will be minimum. 2 when the coil cots though the magqanetic Unes oh porce, it moves thought and into the houizontial Position And emp i$ induceadl So when the plane of) loop I< paralel to pietd, cumeoL induced ig mavimum . The coil_purther moves, he cide Thal was rae op begins to move downwodsS and a the Airxechiod oD wdvued aumrenl averse. The change ' wn Bike clon daves place weenie the coil moves Ahseogh 180° + Lo The anneal sh AC gent nore ewatinvo ust VOHIeS pom moanimum to minimum and minienum to mowmuM valuéL in each hail tuan &-i pal) Shp wet Rie Se 21455388 Q. No. 5 (Page 3/4) ey aaertiom op movereent CAeveated )Tin relpent question sheds erpereyes cay ts Gee iced pore ant 21455388 Q. No. 5 (Page 4/4) b) GIVEN ? No-op wavet= 100° Time taken t= 208% » Le berms 0:06r0 TOFINO! Frequency fe 7 Tint period Te Wove speed v= ? j FORMULA: f- No-op waves Ane Te WF Ve fxr SOLUTION : fe No-of waves me f lhe 100 SiS Bi. 20 Te ws as, LIE Tt a ost ve Fea = 5x 0-06 (ale Vo-sunet 1 RESULT: parqvency op wave is SWZ, me pesod iS O25 y iE and speed is 0-3 mov!