Definition of Community Across Different Perspectives

The Social Science Perspective

“Social Science” is an umbrella term for various fields of study which examines social relations
and human society. It views the community as composed of people interacting with one another,
sensitive to each other’s emotions and subjective point of view. Basically, it describes
“community as a group of people in a particular area interacting together.”

The following are disciplines in social sciences that related to the idea of community:

Anthropology - This field examines the various aspects of humans, such as their biology,
behavior, culture and social interactions. It may also study how people adapt their ways of living to
different environments e.g, determining ways to help a community solve health related concerns.
This can be addressed by understanding the situation through interacting with the people in the
community. Connecting its history with its present condition., end eventually solving the
community concern.

Economics - This field studies the production, allocation and consumption of goods and services.
In any community, one finds various forms of wealth distribution. The ultimate goal of economics is
to improve the lives of people, such that their needs are satisfied.

Political Science - The field encompasses the various ways and means of allocating power,
influence, decision-making. This includes types of governments and management systems, and
how people in small bands or informal groups make decisions when they do not have recognized
leaders. All communities have some forms of political system.

Psychology - This discipline studies the human mind, brain, and social behavior. This extends to
interaction between people and interpersonal relationships. It comprises a variety of different
subfields including abnormal psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology and
social psychology. Psychology in general is most often associated with the study, diagnosis and
treatment of mental illnesses.

Sociology - This field is the study of society, social order, social interactions, and culture. It
introduces the concepts of social capital and communitarianism. Social capital is defined as the
networks of relationship among people who live and work in a particular society for the effective
functioning of the community. The concept of communitarianism explains the connection
between the individual and the community. Every person has a special role in one’s society, and
it’s part of human nature to relate with other people in various conditions or situations.

Civil Society Perspective

Stresses the idea of forming a group, foundation or an organization in service to society.
This perspective views society as a community of citizens linked by common interests and
collective activity. Examples include people’s organization, civic organization, and social
movements.

This is considered the affective model of community since a sense of belonging is achieved
due to the collaboration of shared interests and identities in serving the humanity. Groups of
people come together regardless of location, and organize plans to render support and assistance
to society.
Some examples of civic organizations in the Philippines are ABS CBN Foundation, Ayala Red
Cross Foundation, Boy and Girl Scouts of the Philippines and Caritas Manila. The human right
movement, on the other hand, is an example of social movement.

Local and Grassroots Perspectives

 This perspective highlights volunteerism. Members of communities may involve
themselves in various programs or activities. The community uses self organization and
encourages the local citizens to contribute to the community by taking responsibilities and actions.

Leaders and other members identify the sources of concerns in a local setting and
determine ways to address these problems. Volunteers are mobilized in cooperation with
government decision makers who will be accountable for their actions. The community also formulates
programs for others, and employs actions according to the needs of the community.

A concrete example of this is when doctors and dentists in different communities come
together to organize medical and dental missions especially for families affected by calamities.
The youth who are full of spirit and energy are often excited to engage themselves in outdoor
activities. Immersing themselves in farming and fishing and taking part in the planting of trees and
crops will serve a meaningful experience for them.