Pel bas .goinil wo dans arsrsc You Are Now Connected : UNIT Understanding Networks II and Linkages — uman beings are social beings. We H need to connect with others because it is in our nature to establish relationships. Thus, networks and linkages are very important in our lives. Your body, for example, is a huge network of cells, bones, muscles, nerves, and so forth. If you look around you, you will see that you are surrounded by all kinds of networks—your family, friends, community, religion, nation, nature,_and international linkages, among thers. Even the universe, itself, is organized in networks—planetary, stellar, and galactic. {ts important netwons gant that we understand how INction ive i isolation. een Networks are j M important for th FO ‘ br reson Of trends of communication of \e zeit geist. Without ny orks, i not transform into trends Homers cine : et, given that patterns and trends can either be good or bad, we have to ensure that our networks are safeguarded to mitigate the progression of bad trends and promote the good ones. To do this, you must understand your role in the various networks that influence the world. In this unit, you will be introduced to the concepts of “network” and “linkage.” Furthermore, a variety of networks will be discussed starting from the self and endind with nature. A number of essential notiors will. also be discussed including strategt analysis, intuitive thinking, labor, migratio" and climate change, among others. The discussions will help you better understand the complexities of trends and networks i the 21st century culture and develop yo" critical thinking skills,Neural and Social Networks here are different types of networks and they play a significant role in our lives. In the same vein, each of us plays an important role within these neeworks. The lesson begins swith networks within the self and those that involve the self, namely, the neural and social networks. Objectives Ar the end of this lesson, you are expected to 1. distinguish the difference between necworks and linkages, 2. discuss the relationship between neural and social networks, and 3. construct a linkage between yourself and the social network you belong to by identifying and describing the members of your social network. ee callie? 20 Introductory Reading Does Globalization Mean We Will Become One Culture?! Mark Pagel Stroll into your local Starbucks and you will find Yourell pa of a cura experiment on a scale tev seen belore on tis planet. Inless than half a a coffee chain has grown from a single ao nat Seale 1 nearly 20000 shops in around ceceumiss. Each yet, is nedr identical stores Fat Etna cates nner ceria pe to oe thousands of people. For the first time Forman 20 ering cappuccino ithe some Terraet whether you are sipping tin Tokyo, New Ngkok, of Buenos Aires. Tee ’agel, one-Worid-order rk, Does Globalization Mean We Will Become One Culture?, Of course, it is riot just Starbucks. Select any global brand from Coca Cola to Facebook and chances are you will see Or fee! their presence in most countries around the world. It is easy to see this homogenization in terms of loss of diversity, identity or the westemization of society. But the rapid pace of change also raises the more interesting question of why—over our relatively short history—humans have had so many distinct cultures in the first place. And, if diversity is a partof our psychological make-up, how we will fare ina 2014, httpudweww.bbe.comfuture/story/20120522- LESSON 5 + Neural and Social Necworks 7.world that is increasingly bringing together people from different cultural backgrounds and traditions? To get at this question, | argue that we need to-understand what | call our unique “capacity tor’ culture". This trait, which | outline in my book, Wired’ for Culture, makes us stand alone amongst all other animals. Put simply, we can pick up where others, have left off, not having to relearn our cultural knowledge each generation, as good ideas build successively upon others that came before them, or are combined with other ideas giving rise to new inventions. Take the axe as an example. At first we built simple objects like hand axes chipped or “tlaked from larger stones. But these would give way to more sophisticated axes, and when someone had the idea to combine a shaped club with. one of these hand axes, the first *hafted axe" was born. Similarly when someone had the idea to stretch’a vine between the ends fa bent’stick the first bow | was bam and you can be sure the first arrow sacn followed. Life savers In more recent history, this “cumulative cultural adaptation’ that our capacity for culture ,grants thas been accelerated by the rise of archiving technology. Papyrus scrolls, books and the Internet, allow us to even more effectively share knowledge with’ successive generations, opening up an unbridgeable gap in the evolutionary potential between humans and all other animals. _, Chimpanzees, for example, are renowned for their“tool use” and we think this is evidence of their intelligence. But you could go away for a million years and upon your return the chimpanzees would still be using the same sticks to ‘ish’ for termites and the same rocks to crack open nuts ~ their “cultures” do not cumulatively adapt, Rather than picking up where others have left off, they start over every generation. Just think if you had to rediscover: how to make fire, tan leather, extract bronze or iron from earth, or build a smartphone from scratch. That is what it is like to be the other animals. 72 Not so for humans. Around 60,000 ye, : ars ago. cumulative cultural adaptation was what pessoa modern humans out of African smallttibal groups, by enabling us to acquire knowledge and produce technologies Suitable to different environments, Eventually these tribes would occupy nearly every environment on Earth - from living on ice to surviving in deserts or steaming jungles, even becoming sea-going mariners as the Polynesians did, And amongst each one we see distinct sets of beliefs, customs, language’and religion. The importance of the tribelin our evolutionary history has meant that natural selection has favored in us a suite ‘of psychological dispositions for making’ our cultures work and for defending them against competitors. These traits include ” G00Beration, secking “affiliations, @ predilection to * UNIT Il + You Are Now Connected: Understanding Networks and Linkages coordi fating-our dctivitiés/ and tendencies to trade andiexchange goods and’services. Thus, we have taken cooperation anilisociality:beyond the good relations among family members that dominate the rest of the animal kingdom, to making cooperation work among wider groups of people. In fect, we have evolved a set of dispositions that allow us to treat other members of our tribe or socigty as,"honorary relatives’, thereby unlocking a range of emotions that we would normally reserve for other family members. A good example of this So-called ‘cultural ‘hepotism is the visceral feeling ‘ya have when one of your nation’s soldiers is lost, in battle ~ just compare that feeling to how you react to the news of a similar loss of a soldier from another nation. We also see our cuttural-nepotism iy the dispositions we have to hold doors for people, give up our seats on trains, oF contribute to charities, and we might even risk our lives jumping into a river to save soneéne from drowning, oF when we fight for our countries in’a war. Of course, this nepotism is not just a positive force. It is also a trait’ that can be exploited’ by propagandists and to produce Kamikaze-like or other suicidal behaviors, But the success of cooperation as a strategy has seen our species for at least the last 10,000 years on along evolutionary trajectory towards living in largerand larger’social -oupings that bring together people Ser cane sat ton ta walls around their settlements. Large groups “one world” ‘And 50 in a surprising tin, the vety psychology that allows us t6 form and cod)perate in small tribal groups, makes it possible for us to form into the larger social groupings of the modem werld. Thus, early in our history most of Us lived in small bands ‘of maybe 50 to'200 people: At sortie point tibes formed that ‘Were ‘essentially ‘coalitions or bands of bands. Colléctionis of ‘tribes latér formed ‘into chiefdontis in which for thé first tine ih our history a single ruler emerged Eventually, ‘several chiefdoms would ‘come together in nascent city-states Such as Catal-Huyuk in present day Turkey of Jericho in thé Palestinian West-Bank, both arourid’ 10,000 years' old. City: states gave way td ‘nations states, and eventually fo collections of states such as the United Kingdom or the United States, “and even in’ our rriodefn world to collections of nations such as seen in the European Union. At each step, formerly competing entities discovered that cooperation could return better outcomes than. endless cycles of betrayal ‘and revenge. This is not to say that Cooperation is easy,/6r that it is never Subject to’ reversals. Just look at the “outpouring’ of “cultural ‘diversity that sprang ‘up with thé’ collapse of the Soviet Union. Despite being suppressed’ for decades, almost overnight” ‘Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Chechnya, Tajikistan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, and Dagestan reappearéd, all differentiated by culture, ethnicity, ‘and language. : So how will these two competing tendencies that comprise our evolved tribal psychology—one yy 1C@ lots of diferent iy 10 extend honorary en in large groupings Play out in our modem, te fn ancient disposition to produ: cultures, the other an. abil relative status to others eve interconnected and Globalized world? There is in principle no reason to ule out a “one world” culture, and in. some respects, as Starbucks vividly illustrates, we are already well on the way. Thus, it seems our tribal psychology can extend to groups of seemingly nearly any size, {In large. countries such as the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Brazil, India and China, hundreds of millions and even over abillion people can all be united around a single tribal identity as British or Japanese, American, Indian or Chinese and they will have a‘tendency to direct their cultural nepotism towards these other members of their now:highly extended tribe. If you take this behavior for granted, just imagine 100,000 dogs or hyenas packed into a sporting arena—nota pretty sight’ « “Bumpy road” 2 But {Wo' factors loémirig on ‘the horizon are likely to slow the‘rate at which cultural unification Will happen.” One i8 ‘resdurcés, the other is demography. Cooperation has worked throughout history because large collections of people Fiave been able to Use resources more effectively ard provide greater prosperity and protection than smaller groups. But that could change as resources become scarce. This must be one of the most pressing social questions we can ask because if people begin to think:they have ‘ached what We might call “peak standard of living’ then they will naturally ‘become’ more séltinterested as the! return trom ‘cooperation’ begitt’to leak away. After all, why ‘Gooperdte When there are no spoils to dividé? Relatéd to this, the dominant demographic trend of the next century will be the movernent of people from poorer to richer régions of the world. Diverse people will be brought together who have litle common cultural identity of the sort that historically has prompted our cultural nepotism, LESSON 5+) Neural and Social Networks 73nat rates that exceed those at aie a0 eutural integrated. se ‘eel T believe, these (600% a to pull back from whatever al y they have achieved to the e een is the nations of the ue es ie might be will cause J of cultural us level. squabbling privileges. & ™ the rise of natio such as Marine ‘or similar far right s of modern societies UP t0 new and ever more heterogeneous and resource-scarce societies will increasingly depend upon clear enforcement of ‘caltural or democratically derived rules £0 maintain stability, and will reak under the strain of smaller social groupings seeking to disengage further from the whole. One early harbinger of a sense of decline in the sense of “social relatedness’ might be the increasing tendencies of people to avoid risk, to. expect safety, to be vigilant about fairness, to require and to be granted “rights.” These might all be symptoms of a greater sense of self-interest, brought about perhaps by declines in the average amount, of, “togethemess” we feel. When this happens, we. naturally turn inwards, effectively this point is anyt Divide the class into five groups. Each grou i‘ Ona piece of paper, each member must write ae rag eee ane Sctbe. read. Once all of the members have written their question: ce out forall of the members to hea. Every member wl then vote cr st wal tansy The question that garnered the most votes will flowed ty the question that got the second highest numberof Each member should be given a chance to answi ecgtten the Gales heve fined anvwering thelr spective questions the on vi of the ass What thelr recpectine Groups have dinused, Sho Jebel _ reverting ae sting to our earlier evolutionary INS orator time when we relied on kin selection 0" coo among families for our needs tobe ME | amingly Against this backdrop the yitural unstoppable and ever acceler e erating pout homogenization around the world broug! the Internet and ‘social networking. fecried, is probably a good thing even if it means the loss of cultural diversity: ‘es our sense of togetherness via the gense of a shared culture. In fact breaking down of cultural parriers—unfashionable as¥this an sound—is probably one of the few things that societies can do to increase harmony among ever more heterogeneous Peoples. So, to my mind, there Is little doubt, that the next century is going to be a time of great uncertainty and upheaval as resources, money and space become ever more scarce: Itis going to be a bumpy road with many, setbacks and conflicts. But if there was ever & species, that could tackle these challenges it is our own, It might be surprising, but our genes,, in, the form of our capacity for culture, have created in us a machine capable of greater, cooperation, inventiveness and common good than any other on Earth. And of course it means you can always find a cappuccino just the way you. like. it no matter where you wake up. by travel although often a it increas 9 the article that was question will be 3s read 'e on which question he or be answered fi on. Once all of the feport in front 74 unin. + You Are Now Connected: Understanding Networks and Linkageswa Simply, @ network is comprised of at feat wo entices that are interrelated or jererconnected with one another while a linkage intr which connects these entities together i rin a network The universe abounds with ves and linkages from galaxy and. star ae planetary systems, ecosystems, climate Roms Fd societies, among other, Thus ears ‘and linkages are integral parts of the odd. The following discussions will look at er these notions, especially networks, play a gartin the progresion of trends. Networks ‘A network is a relationship structure wherein its'members are able to share resources ‘with one another. There are many kinds of networks, for instance, human networks, knowledge networks, computer networks, trade necworks, and ecological networks, among others. One: characteristic of networks is that it enables flow—flow of information, flow of resources, and flow of exchange, among others. Thus, networks serve as links: connecting nodes (or points) to each other. These nodes can be persons (such as parents and children), institutions (such as the government and its agencies), bodies (such as rivers and its tributaries), concepts (such as economics and supply and demand), and nature (such as species in a food web), to name a few. These networks -enable . the progression of trends. It would be very difficult, if not impossible, for patterns to emerge and trends to progtess in isolation. In order for a trend to-grow, it should be communicated to others in a sustained manner. For instance, the trend of increasing health awareness would not be possible if the fads of dietary supplements, ae Ly alternative forms of physical exercise such as Zumba, ot healthy options in food were not shared to others. Without networks, these fads would have died a natural death sooner than later, This is also true in nature, The trend in climate change would not be possible if there are no networks linking each part of the climate system with one another, that is,’ from) the penetration of the Sun's radiation of the Earths atmosphere to the heat reflected back to space by, the atmosphere and the planet's terrestrial and aquatic, surface, and everything else) in between. Thus, networks are essential for these trends to progress. Another. area of human life wherein networks also play an important role, is the development of social. capital. Social capital is defined as the: 2 “[NJetworks, , together with, shared norms, values, and _ understandings, that facilitate cooperation within or among groups’. In this definition, we ccan think of networks as real-world links between groups or individuals. Think of networks’ of friends, family networks, networks of formér colleagues,’ and! so on. Our shared norms, values ‘and’ understandings are less concrete than our social networks. Sociologists sometimes speak of norms as society's unspoken and largely unquestioned rules. Norms ‘and understandings may not become apparent until theyre broken. If adults attack’a child, for example, théy“breach the norms that protect children from harm. Values*may be more open to questior indeed societies often debate whether their values aré changing. And yet values = Such as respect for people's safety and security ~are an essential linchpin.in every. social group. Put together, these networks and understandings engender trust and s0 enable people to work together? 2 Keeley, Brian, “Human Capital: How What You Know Shapes Your Life,” in OECD Insights, Organisation for Economic htm Co-operation and Development, 2007, https:/iwww.cecd.org/insights/humancapitalhowwhatyouknowshapesyourlife, LESSON 5 + Neural and Social Newworks 75 athe sense of social capital, nerworks are characterized by) shared cthical, epistemological, and metaphysical resuppositions that connect persons af Peer oe anther ad cable ‘cooperative relationship. Ultimately, in this sense, networks. are seen as aventcs for cooperation. Linkages 1 Linkages ‘are those which connect each sndividual entity within @ network.’ However, it is difficult to have a mental picture of what a linkage is since many exampl register to the visual sense, At best it can be ‘characterized as a link or connection. Since earlier, it was’ defined that social capitalis"necworkstogether with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co- operation within or among groups” and that networks are “real-world links between groups or individuals,” we may think that networks and linkages are one and the same. Although there may be instances wherein they may be used interchangeably, for our purposes, we can distinguish between neoworks and, linkages wherein linkages are what connects A and B or. Cand D bur the combination of the entities and linkages involving A, B, C, and D comprises a network. Thus, in this sense, we shall have: o Linkages Network A 8 ie NS cs Yo Diagram 5.1 Networks and Linkages Meanwhile, networks ‘can’ be considered as linkages if they link one network to another — ke. THUS thereby creating an even bigger networ! we have: Network, Diagram 5.2 Network as Linkages Brom this diagram, we'can see that networks and linkages can be distinguished from: one another, although: they both iconnect: two ‘or more entities togethier: Going back to-the notion of social capital, Keeley (2007)»points out that: ‘There is much debate over the various, forms that social capital, takes, but,one fairly straightforward approach divides it, into three main categories: + Bonds: Links to people based on a sense’ of commen identity (‘people like'us")—such as family, close friends, ahd people who share our culture or ethnicity. + "Bridges: Links that strétch beyond a shared Sense of identity, for example to ‘distant friénds, ‘colleagues, and associates. +" Linkages: Links to people or groups further up! or lower down the’ social ladder, JEG UNIPII+:You Are Now Connected: Understanding Networks and Linkages| | : Thus, here, linkages are furth i into bonds, bridges, inape see and linkag ‘ although having differences in se Which function, still serve'as li inks within id by necworks ‘and can’ be “licen understood in terms of Diagram 5.2. Another, example «is the’ conceptual framework of linkages in migration systems provided by Fawcett. One can see here that each.of these linkages connect each aspect: of the migration system with one another, whether it be states, individual persons, cultures, laws ‘and policies, and so forth. Migration systems, of course, are related t0 globalization, which, in turn, helps expand lobal necworks: Tangible Linkages | Trade and Financial 2 Table 8.1 Linkages n Pa international ‘The following discussions will provide more insights into the concept of networks by looking into the different kinds of networks and their relevance in human life. Personal and social networks refer to networks that exist within the self as well as outside of the self; but those’that directly involve the self, nevertheless. Generally, these ‘networks can be classified as neural networks and social networks. Neural Network There are many networks within’ the human body: skeletal, ‘muscular, citculatory, to name a Migration Systems Remittance Flows Temporary Worker | Societal Emigration Policies | Out-Migration Job Recruitment Flows Media Diffusion: and Promotional’ 4 ih (Print) TV, Film), ) Materials. as i Bilateral Economic Correspondence | Officially channeled | and Technical From Migrants ’'| Remittances u Assistance’ « By tom a ot b Regulatory Norms Governing | Family Obligations [Rules and Linkages : Regulations ; m9) Governing Migration Process b ‘Community Contracts with Policies [Acceptance of |_| Solidarity Migrant Worker's” ! " 4] Immigrants ‘ 3 Relational Linkages | Complementarity _ | Cultural Similarity | Relative Social Complementarity, of Labor Supply Stats of Migrants. | of Agency Activities t and Demand and Nonmigrants | in Sending Country cr ‘ f and Receiving Economic Compatibility of Country, Dependency Value Systems * Fawcett, James Networks; Linkages, and. Migration Systems, International Migration Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, Special Anniversary issue, 671-680, 1989. LESSONS «'Neural and SociatNetworks 7°77 a> iaht _—_—=——i<(S&S tt ks will not be able to the central network ral network. There tks, the biological the artificial (or few, However, these networl function properly without that governs them, the neu! wo aypes oF neural new (or the nervous system) and computer nerworks)- Neural Network ‘The biological neural network or the pervs yer soe focuses on HE vertebrate necvous syscem. This system generally consists of the brain, the neuron, and the receptor cells. » ‘The brain, which is the “control room of the vertebrate nervous system, is linked to the ioe Mf che body by a peripheral nervow? system Comprised of multicudes of nerves tat run through the spinal cord: Collectively, the brain dnd the spinal cord are known 2s the central nervous system. “The brain is comprised of the cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and the brain stem. The cerebrum oF telencephalon is divided into ewo cerebral hemispheres—the lefe and the right) The cerebral cortex, where numerous neurons can be found, is divided into the primary cortical fields and association cortical feds. The function of primary cortical felds is to process “qualitative information, sach as visual perceptions that enable us 10 see objects in the world. Meanwhile, the function of the association cortical fields has to do with scoring and accessing memory, thinking, and abstract reasoning. ° The cerebellum controls motor skills that enable vertebrates to move around by coordiriating every muscle in the body that is required for a specific movement. The thalamus and hypothalamus, which are parts of the diencephalon, also perform very important functions. The thalamus relays oe to ot the cerebral cortex and bepedhal les'and sensory organs while the ypothalamus regulates essential autonomic Biological UNIT ITs 78 IIT II You Are Now Connected: Understanding Networks and Linkages boty functions such as cardiac rhythm amons Last, but not the least, the or truncus cerebri links the brain and spinal cord, without which information from ePeferent parts of the body will never reach the rh. The brain stem is also responsible for brain svem™ e braii our reflex actions. The neurons are networks within the brain control the relay of information from ut. The parts of a neuron include input to outp the dendrites, the soma (or cell body), the axon, snd the axon rerminal, To explain simply, the dendrites are responsible for collecting information that it receives from different parts’of the body through a special connection called synapse. The collected information is then transferred to the semna which stores these stimuli unci it reaches a “ From this point of view, one can ay leverage for stirvival. ma the need to establish social networks with one another appears’ tobe deeply embedded in the human genes. “This suggests that our specialized cognitive instincts for enacting social exchange are deeply-rooted products of natural selection. "The evidence from hunter-gatherer archaeology | is. that hominids have carried on social exchange for at least wo million years. Culeural history shows that social exchange is universally human and not a recent culeural invention” (Clippinger, n.d.). These findings, therefore, make it casier to see why human beings establish themselves in groups and communities wherein. members engage in cooperative . activities with one another, . “Fields such as_,,neuro-economics and evolusionary "psychology are beginning to. understand... the ,.neuro-scientific and evolutionary significance of market, trust, social coordination, and risk-sharing behaviors. These findings are makin to od Pe nd Fone e, ASE humar ly selforganize Proclivities for trust and con, SPAciics and (Clippinget; n.d), Ultimately, ge i’Y Building’ of social networks: is deeply roomy snment struggle for existence, which fet i our be an effective survival tool: for then millenia. Past two Social networks; in’ this sense, atin be roughly categorized into. three: family sn. and contacts. The family is the fuse Pee of our social network. Inis the. ise coe individuals. with. whom we establish Social relations... Our. family,.. needless to Say, is the, one that. ensures, our, survival after ys were, born up, to, this point. in our lives This is where, we firse experience how socis] relationships are beneficial and ni for oun, survival. Meanwhile,” peers. are. the Second shell of our social, nevworks following the family. We are able to know some ¢t our, peers through, our family, for instance,family friends, frie, siblings, next door While others, we as classmates, o} us help thar cannot be readily provided by our familien Yor for instance, expect our familig, a seach us how to do things related a our respective jobs. Or pechaps, we cannot air all our problems to our families, most especially when our problem concerns them and they ‘are not open to hear us out. Hence, we'turn to our friends for comfort and advice. In this sense, we need some things'that only our peers can provide, that is why they are important. Finally, the outermost sphere is the sphere of ‘our contacts. Our contacts provide those things that neither our families nor-our peers. can provide. For example, we cannot expect our Se —_—- to deliver mineral or purified family, oF Peer ae home on a weekly basis, or drinking water tion materials for the living a pin oman meta fe Wig room thas wt 7 prescription for our recurring 2 diag oe although there may be a few family headaches peer that can provide this, leis mem pe case for most families. Thus, we rely oe our contacts. Our contacts may include a variety of people such as doctors, lawyers, teachers, the mailman; the LPG provider, and many others. They include acquaintances and people who we may barely know and just met but all of these people may potentially be of help to us in making our lives easier and better in one way ot another. In the following section, we will try to look more closely into these networks and see how our- interpersonal. relations can -be- mutually beneficial to the members of our networks, Annetwork is comprised of atleast two entities that are interrelated or interconnected with cach other while a linkage is that which Connects these entities together within < network. Beginning from che self there is what we call the neural neswork that governs every system in the human body. The neural network is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord. Meanwhile, the network chat exists outside of the self, yet greatly involves the self is the social network: The social network is composed of family, peers, and contacts. Our respective social networks provide us with what we need to ensure our continuous survival in this world, LEARNING REINFORCEMENT EXERCISE Ona piece of bond paper, create a social map that traces the vatious roles that you play in relation to your social network and rank the significance of these roles within the community. For example, you are the son or daughter in your family, the most rusted confidane among your peers, and a youth leader within your community. How would you rank your various — soles? Which would you rank most important ot least important? Why? Further, discuss how Your respective social networks have influenced the way you think. LESSON 5+ Neural and Soci Neworks 4 a MrLocal Networks extend outside of personal neeworks are the local networks. ‘These and country. You may have he networks tha it ict of the family, local community; [ local neeworks consist © rsonal networks can only do so heard im, “no man is an jsland.” Since pe! of the at people ave ro rely on these Local networks to compensate for what local au ae the necworks are born lack. Furthermore, these strategic. a intuitive thinking that makes one realize that individuals. need to form these focal networks to protect thelt life. . : Objectives ; ‘Acthe end of this lesson, you are expected es . 1. develop an-understanding of local networks and the notions of strategic analysis and intuitive thinking by describing’ situations wherein strategic analysis and_ intuitive thinking can be applied within one’s networks, 2, formulate ideas as t0 ‘how strategic analysis ‘and intuitive thinking may ‘be tsed to rem mize local networks to one’s competitive advantagey 3, conduct or perform day- ¢ out of the union between to-day activities using strategic analysis and intuitive thinking, Introductory Reading Cartoon: “Thank Goodness. Somebody to network with!” UNIT II + You Are re Now Connected: Understanding Networks and Lit and LinkagesDivide the On a piece of ni question that'got b dupes The Family, ) “The 1987 Philippine Constitueion describes the family as'’“a'! basic’ datohomot ‘social institutiOn” (Ares TD) Set. 12)" anid recognizes the family “és ‘the’ folindation’ of the’ nation” (Att XV, Sec?'l). Meanwhile, the Family Code of ‘the ‘Philippines ‘stipulates ‘that ‘the’ “family, beingy‘the ‘fouridation’ of thé nation; is a basie social institution’ which public’ policy ‘cherishes and |/protects.»\Conseuently; ‘family “relatioris are’ governed ‘by “law and'no | custom, practice of lagreemeént “destructive of the’ family ‘shall be recognized or“given ‘effect (Art. 149):0Purther, the’ Fainily Code'also sptcifies the members’ of the> family’ by’ ‘stipulating’ that’ “family ‘relations include those.(1) between, husband “and ‘wife; (2) between) patenits and’ children; (3) athong other\\ascendants and!) descendants; ‘and (4)\among ‘brothers /and ‘sisters; whether of the full or half blood” (Art150). From these’'stipulations, one ‘can see’ that, inthe Philippines, che family is tHe basic unit of society’ and ‘the\ foundation of ithe ination; Which’ the State icherishes arid. protects. [From ' i Class into'five groups! Each grouP ‘all Paper, each member must write & 4 ipa of the membais Have’ written thelr questions, € i, the members to.hear. Every member will then vote i ., 2nSwer. The Question that garnered the most will be answered first, followed by the Se tas then the third, and so on. Each the question. Once all of the groups have the scribes will report in front of the class ie $écond highest numbs "member should be given a charice to answer finished ‘answering their respective questions, ‘) what their respective groups'have'discussed. ibe. Id have a'facilitator and a scri shoition regarding the cartoon. Once ech question will be read out for all of ‘on which.question he or she wants to every , individual's, standpoint, the members of the family, serve. as the first. and immediate networks. However, we can also obsetve that the members of the family relations as enumerated by the Family Code are too restrictive. Can you think of other relations that you believe should be considered as family? : In her annotations’ tothe Family Code, Sempio-Diy (2006) elaborated on 'the rules’on family ‘telations stated in’ the abovemention( Atticle 150. She wiote!!") : Rules to, remember on family relations: ‘1.'Fainily “relations exist” among the relatives aforementioned even if they "are riot living together. u '2. Other relatives like cousins, nephews! ! and ‘nieces, and domesti¢’helpers, | who grew’ Up or'‘are living With’ the’ family; are members/of the household’ ( but not of thé family, 3)" Illegitimate children are met included inthe family relations underthe above Anticle because they have’ their ‘own tamilies/Besides, this Chapter refers to the family.as an institution and for this: > reason, it. cannot include illegitimate! children. owe ot ni a * Sempio-Diy, Alicia, Handbook on the Family Code of the Philippines, 2006. in LESSON 6+ Local Newwerks 5 ai4. Adopted children, being part of the family, are included. 5 Nephews and ‘aunts, are not incl have their own fami 6. The relatives mentioned include those of the husban¢ 1s those of the wife. reconciling the legal notion notion that many people .. I consider juded ies. in this Article das well The difficile in of the family with the hhave in mind is very PP: my uncles and aunts 2S family as well 5 my sins and distant relatives but according 10 the law, they are not, How come I see them in family reunions? Should I ‘ell them that we should stop holding these “family; gatherings Fecause in the eyes ofthe law, we a nor family? These may be strange questions £0 ask, but given what the law, says, ey are undoubtedly valid questions. Thus, the meaning of family in the language of the aw may be deemed lacking when it is applied ro the language of everyday life. Fortunately, according ro the philosopher Wittgenstein, “the meaning of a word. its use ina language.” Look at Aristotle's notion of the family, for instance. According to Histinget (2013), for, Aristotle “the re are a number of factors ,that, characterize the family, such as 1) the fundamental human lack of self-suficiency, 2) reproduction of the species, 3),the satisfaction of daily .needs,,.4). the necessity of labor, 5) the rearing and. education of children, and 6) worship of the gods.” Although nor perfect, this description of , “family” appears to be broader and more inclusive than that of the law. In ordinary language, the notion of the family, may ‘include alot. more than. what is nen in: the Jaw’ For instance, there are ple who, consider their pets as:part of thei family. Others consider their best Froude a family, Even in the workplace, there are peopl who consider their coll i ieocke leagues as family. People may, in fact call family those who thiéy meet ° " bayans eithera™ and establish deep ties within eye communities, schools, churches, sk rete ‘areas, such as orphanages and homes Bi elderly, among others. ° the The Local Community Extending outward from the self an, then to, the family, the, next_ network is ut focal. community. In .the Philippines, he local community consists of the barangay, the sunisipalidad ot lungrod, and the probinsya. "The term. barangay came from. balangry which is an ancient boat used by the first settlers to migrate in the Philippines and was central to their spread in’ the archipelago. Furthes, it was i central ithe tfadiig of the inhabitants of 1 glands The fis use of the erm balay tha rofers to a kinship and political unit of Society as we know today was recorded by the Spaniards to be. among the ‘Tagalogs of Luzon. 7 The modern-day barangay is usually made up of hundreds of families: As of June 30, 2021, there are, 42,046 barangays in, the Philippines, Before, many barangays were made up of families that: were related with, each, other. ‘Thus, it is not surprising that almost, the entire barangay is invited in family celebrations such as weddings and birthdays: However, overycthe. years. and owing to internal, migration, members of the contemporary barangays, have become , ote diversified--with families coming from different towns and provinces, in, the, Philippines, and at times, from abroad. ‘The bayan.or town is comprised of multiple barangays-and,can either be a muniipalidad ot raised. by lave to Jungsod.. As of June 30, 2021, there are 1,488 municipalities and 146 cities in the Philippines. Each town has.a distinct culture which is manifested in the language or dialect the people'speak, the feasts (festa) they celebrate theit local delicacies, and their epistemological metaphysical, and ethical presuppositions, ©° namea few. 86 wiTE wiK fou Ate Now Connected: Understanding Networks and Linkages{he Probinsye or. province, on the’ thet Composed. of different towns, As of né 30s 2021, there’ are: 81, provinces in the Philippines. Those. who reside in the same Province often share the, same language. For instance, those who live in, Ilocos speak, /locana: those Who are originally from Pampanga speak Kapampangan; while those who are natives of Iloilo speak Honggo. Regions, meanwhile, are more of a political or geographical subdivision shan a local community, since they are composed of different provinces with varied communities. Beyond the’ family; ‘one’s networks “of fiends ‘and acquaintances are usually found in the>local : community: Our! neighbors) dassmates; teachers, and the people we: get t0 meet and know in our.respective churches, are members of the local community, who become members of our networks, as. well. Through our interactions with these people, we get to learn a lot of things that we were not able to learn from our own experiences as well as from our own families. Over time, we try to fit'in and finda place in our group of friends, ¢lassmates, churchmates, and community. ‘We begin, to, mold, our personal identities. as we spend, time and learn, from, these people as. wells contribute to the, development. of the. Personal identities off our peers in.the:process.. Further, local communities also contribute to... the emergence and progression of trends. When a group of people within a local” community creates a fad, it is usually communicated other people within the commdaity due'to the frequency of their interactions with one another. {tis only a matter of time before this fad becomes atrend within the local community. Sometimes, such trends go beyond the confines of the local community, and extend outward toward. the inhabitants of the country, especially when ‘media intervention comes into the picture. By and large, local communities play a very importanttole in the dynamics of power relations within the-country. You may notice how much i \X — ent that the country undergoes of te se Man. This is because is cencere ‘power is located within this local vanity. Those who live in communities with cory neeworks and ties with the inhabitants st Metro Manila are likely to benefit more as Compared to other local communities.‘ Let us look at this more in our discussion on our third type of local nerwork ~ the country. The Country 4 The» outward’ expansion of the networks from: the: self continue after the local community ‘to. the country. A. country, of :course, is .comprised ‘of different) Jocal communities, However, it will. be helpful:.to understand. from: the beginning that there is abasic difference berweena country,.a nation; and a state. According to Fr. Joaquin Bernas, S.J. in the 1987 Philippine Constitution: A Comprehensive Reviewer, per the Montevideo Convention of 1933, a state is “a community of persons more or Tess nuimérous, permanently occupying'a definite portion of territory, independent of external control, and possessing an organized government to-whichthe great body of inhabitants render habitual, -obedience., -Hence, , commentators break-down the concept, into: the; following four) elements:, people; territory, sovereignty, government.” / ~~“ Although the terms “nation” and “state” can be used interchangeably, they are essentially different, Unlike the state, a nation is a group 6f people who share the same language, culture, ‘traditions, customs, practices, beliefs, and the like, but does not haye, sovereignty, However, through); the collective declaration of , the _ lmembers of the nation of their sovereigaty, they can establish a state. Meanwhile, the term “country” is often used synonymously with the term “state,” However, a country refers more to-an area of land that forms part of the national LESSON 6+ Local Neworks 7,er which it exercises its cate Ov bee Taiwan is not rersitory of ignty, For instances China claims co have sovereig parc ofits national terstoF: There 50 counties in che world foday One © is the Philippines. I The Philippines is 17 geo-political regions (Region 1), Cagayan Vall Cental Luzon (Region 1), CALAB/ (Region IV-A), MIMAROPA (Region VB), Bicol Region’ (Region'V), Western Visayas (Region VI), Central: Visayas (Region: VID), Eastern’ Visayas (Region: VIID),” Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX), Northern Mindanao {Region X),- Davao Region's (Region XI); Scccdeargen’ (Region XID), Caraga (Region XI), National Capital Region” (NCR); frwhich divided: into RUE ee Cordillera Administrarive and the Bangsamoro ‘Au Region peas Muslim’ Mindanao’ (B, mous Region ia As. discuss earlier, these regions are : tnunicipalities, and tikes oe ae turh,'composed of families. neil ‘Among these’ regions, three’ ar to be very important, In Luzon, ae Manila; Metro Cebu for the Visayas idendt and Metro. Dayao in Mindanao. ‘These a key, areas, wherein, progress,, industry, a consequently, power can. be found: Networks with people living in these areas may prove to be beneficial to those living in other tegions in the long rua as they can be tapped as contacts regarding employment opportunities, potential business partnerships or Ventures, trade, ang éducation, arnong others. 7 Next'to personal networks’ are. localnerworks 6 fi : a: nerworks, namely, the family’ local i aed coun Alig these networks involve the family and some Pei ainda thse found in these nerworks are people we barely know, yet are ETE falsmotiarcy uch axon fly peesiand convacts-Théseficdl ao 2 netwo! Jarger extent than’ what our personal networks can provide!” yorks helps at an even u EARNING tal eV by EXERCISE Make a scraj ipbook cottipris places where members of ee eo a ers of. amy tee and a mz cis es where they live, your family members as i: ihe Mioeiion achive, Ue well as of the barangay/town/ yltor‘We humans use oUF networks as leverage in order to improve our chances of survival. Through cooperative ‘elationships: within the family, local community and country, we are fais improve our standards of living and help one another. This discussion «is intended to make you understand. the dynamics of this cooperative relationship and: realize how: you Pray be able t0 maximize’. Tis important chat ou know che notions of strategic analysis and Jautive thinking. Asvan initial and) simplistic distinction, strategic analysis focuses on. the tise of logic and reason while intuitive thinking relies on familiarity and experience, Strategic Analysis iis ‘The term strategy came from. the Greek stratégia, which per by generals. that are necessary, Fin battles. On the. other hand, analysis | vifers to the careful study of each part ‘ofa wee and understanding how each part and Their relationships with each “other. result in the whole. From these descriptions,» We ‘an see-the cognitive and_ procedural narure of, strategic analysis. In patticillar, Strategic analysis involves ‘examination. and evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opporcunites threats; environments, and resources, arhong others, wwith'the purpose of drawing up 2 StateBY from the results of -the analysis t0 achieve certain’ goals over time. __ a = For instance in choosing .wbich school to enroll in for-college, applying strategic analysis would involve evalisating your person ineerests, strengehs, and weaknesses 28 well 3s the possible schools that ‘could provide the education that i in addition to T Conway, Maree, stratedic Thinking, Cony, Mar eg Tens nny tains .to. the skills | |, 2014, httpuiweb.archive.oF ~ ooking into your capacity © Pay for the fees required: Once an’ analysis of these factors is one, you can begin co lay down plans 1B get into the desired course in'the preferred school. It may be fruitful for out undeistanding of this notion to contrast strategic analysis with strategic thinking, thinking is. identifying, ‘4. understanding. possible ‘alternative futures for YOUr d using, the knowledge then your thinking about your potential options t0 jtion your ‘organization, effectively in the. external aeironment, in. the, future, In, ofS make better informed and more robust acisions about action to take today Strategic imagining an and plausible organization, an‘ gained to strengt Central nd” the idea oP Strategic thinking js the notion Of comy itive advantage. This is the objective of the your organization effectively: in the external ivonment inthe _furure.” Competitive _advantage is having, the upper band in ‘Today, strategic thinking. is often sapplied to business and marker-related ventures: However, you must keep in jmind that it 1 ‘not! only Tmnited to coming up. with business plans, but an also be used in formulating government policies, _ urban. planning, “environmental protection, and so fort. iba) — “Tt is also important to “differentiate between __serategic thinking and strategic planning. ~ open-ended; strategic _analytic. cited Strategic planning concerns analysis — establishing and formalizing systems sqpweb/261S042082B1ahtpsinkngheures newwp- LESSON 6+ LoalNewords QL — | oo}+ ll From this desctiption, , proce __ Analysis of strengths “e olarthing ke aig wearer prone 9 ERS way of HSE aed a he 'swoT. analysis). is a key activity on ese aid Ng, cong, Sa ny ‘ ducted at both the environmental and this has been in Fi since the 1960s, Cony on ni rational levels and helps underPin (2014) compared strategic thinking ed tre plan development strategie Planning conventional (busines) thinking and." “sen a near of systematic SCP their differences. lined is of innovative elements In Table 6.1, we can see that uni : that may include i aa : we cane ae but the primary foous planning, strategic thinking is more aga dovin' a goal into steps, identlving Geel’ impated- the possible consequences, of 98° Slicda dae re, Step, and determining how the should be implemented. The finish strategic plan typically includes mission and vision statements, a declaration of organizational this does not mean\that’strategic think better: than strategic planning. ‘This ‘only she that strategic thinking'can'be used torcome me with effective strategic plans. We can see this, ng is values, and a } presentation of goals and objectives.; Figure 6.1. z 5 ; Table 6.1 Comparison between conventional business thinking and strategic thinking .| immediate term Depth of vision : ‘Own business focus "| Cross-disciplinary Attention to detail Broad vision Focus on techno-economic trends | | Trends and emerging issues | Problems approach’ |i" 3 Systems approach — - —— Less attention to connections Interactions and cross-impact, Continuity assumption Wild cards and discontinuities Bottom line focus . Strategic focus al Undiscussables are never spoken e ‘Speak the unspeakable 2 ——— Short-term focus fi | Long-term orientation ¥ Asingle future Alternative futures! [raw + Past and present dominate decision making __| Future dominates decision making, ‘Source: Conway, Strategic Thinking (2014) e * Haycock, Ken, et al., “Strategic Thinking: Lessons f u i ssons for Leader Literature,” Ll vp and Management, 92 _ UNITID-\You Are Now Connected: Understanding Networks and Linkages . wasew ting oc ad nate these back into the Bistoes cote strategie and even ‘es indusery Figure 6,1 Strategic Thinking and Planning’ Hence, strategic thinking is an important tool that could enhance the strategi¢ planning of an organization. Conway (2014) points our'that the “development’ of effective ‘and ‘meaningful strategy. involves four ‘stages... ‘environmental scanning, strategic thinking, strategi¢ decision makingand strategic planning - that is identifying change occurrinig in’ the ‘extérnal environment that“is likely to shape'an organization's. future, shinking about future strategy options, deciding on which options’ to’ pursue, and! implementing those options.” ? From’ these comparisons, you must ‘have realized’ ‘thar’ Strategic. analysis “is more’ like strategic’ planning * chan’ strategic” ‘thinking. However; “ciirrent definitions atid *practices genetilly regard ‘serategic planing’ as subsuming il four stages. “The liné between the four stages is thetefore ‘blirred”’ (Conway, 2014). Thus, it would siiffice for tis’ to think that strategic thinking is also a'part of strategic analysis. Intuitive Thinking Intuition sis defined. as “the subjective experience of a mostly nonconscious process that is fast, alogical, and inaccessible to consciousness that, dependent on exposure to the domain or problem space, is capable of accurately extracting probabilistic’ © contingencies.” | From this definition, intuition is not a result of a process of analysis and deliberation, but that of quick or reflexive thinking to give an immediate response to the needs of the situation. It is a5 if a person knows the answer or knows what to do even without thinking about it, For Filipinos, this may be close to the, notion of hutab, although this is not an exact translation, Intuitions do not come from-a vacuum; they are based, on) past experiences. For instance, I have experienced the pain of being burnt upon touching a hot pan. Thusy if Tam to lifta hot pan from'a stove, my intuition would be to get a potholder first. ‘Thus, intuitive thinking can be —— lanning: ‘Towards’ Understanding the’ Complementaiies,” r versus’ strategie’ Pl Tigraetz, Fiona, “Strategic Thinking ; : ‘Management Decision, Vol. 40, No. ® 2002. se neuroscence Approach." Paychological Bulletin Vol, 126, No. 1, ye a "Lieberman, Matthew, ‘intuition: A ‘Social Cognith Neos ipatnntition pat “American Psychological Association, nove ‘ LESSON 6 LocalNeworks 93Pe thinking that sare form oF re , but ed 0 y jn analytic Wem ites experiences: In a sense. : ‘a on igcaled come yr common ips ise eve shining, ‘ommon. sarily ioe wcaly at 0 be the The same igh i no Ther people: This is beca cae wih nam ete bast of ri , wi son our eens ent from OP jnnutivechinkings var to the next. intuitive thinking is not he! Furdhermors tm nberofexperts such 35 che . numt in high regard by ind Feud, fr instance, It analyst Sig aking things through” it of “not thinking things connotes an ait se” Thus, it would inot be rane ine har cay people pret surprising it eurns out that matty Pe Sun thinking over intuitive pieces ‘The thinker arrives at an, answer... wih itl, any, awareness ofthe process by which he’ reached it, He rarely, can provide an adequate account of how he obtained his answer, and he may be unaware of just what aspects of the problem situation he was responding to, Usually, intutive thinking rests on.’ fairy with the domain of knowledge lnvoled and with its'stricturé Analytic’ thinking characterstically proceeds a Step aa time, Steps até explicit and Ustally can be adequately reported by the thinker 11 another individual Such thinking "Proceeds with felaivaly full awareness of ‘helnformaton and operations involved ‘Thus, woman, for hethusband is ching on tut that ng on her because of her nelle ema The Process sind, Dawn and Thompron ath, Masachus Vol 32, No, 3, 2000, reentton ‘and 94 urn. _— — os ghereby malking it familiarity with her husband es chat may easy for her to decode nom¥°F Sah she may be associated with infidelity Me be “knew not be able t0 explain exact OO scronger Many believe that women's intuition b con for this, but than men's, which may be the Fe2S0% h there are also those who dismiss this a8 & myth However, there are clues suggesting that this might be true. “There is strong and consistent evidence that women are better encoders and decoders of nonverbal communication and this evidence has frequently been cited as possible ‘evidence of women’s intuition” (Lieberman, 2000), In Philosophy, intuition is understood as a’diteeé or immediate grasp of truth. This is different from “Eureka!” because the latter is resile of 2’ process"Of thought while intuition is not. Nevertheless, some philosophers consider itvas a source of knowledge aside. from reason and senses: One implication of this can be seen in health care wherein many ‘authors -have suggested that intuition is a legitimate basis for decision.making in health care, especially within nursing,” 2 3 It. appears to-be.a, common, occurrence. in the medical field. that, practitioners, are, able to. correctly. determine illnesses by just merely looking at.the patient's, symptoms, without. the patient. undergoing, thorough test, procedures. This may be because of the medical, experts years of, experience, and familiarity. with. these symptoms that they are able to make a diagnosis by,just merely touching or looking at the patient. There are those who, would be impressed by this apart from the fact that this gives credence.to the claim that intuitive analysis can be useful in specific fields, such as, in this case, medicine, However, this usefulness seems to fall short when put sideby side with the fac that “problem in regarding intuitive knowledge as a type of knowledge to be used in health care. decisions is i Horse University res 860, Analysis in Decsion Making and Choice,” Journal of Nurs -0r9/10.11114,1547-5069,2000.00411.x 4 You Ate Now Co, bested: Understanding Networks and Linkages- x its lack of visibility. When intuitive knowledge is the basis for decisions, the beliefs and values which petmeate'all decisions in health ‘care are explicit only to the person making the decision. Invan era in which: nurses and policy makers advocate greater participation /of’ patients in decisions abour their care, then nurses’ intuitively based decisions’ are: aiproblém"» (Lamond and ‘Thompson, °2000)::Aparevfrom this,there is also the question’of the moral repercussions of detisions based on intuitive knowledge. Thusy it Sppears tat making decisions based on inciltive thinking'is 2/shaky proposition. Strategic Analysis versus: Intuitive Thinking, “Thus far, we have before us two kinds of thinking, On the’one hand, we have’ strategic analysis Which relies ‘oti’ logit ahd systematic scrutiny. On the’ other hand, We have ‘intuitive thinking which is characterized ‘by’ iitimediacy and familiarity. Putting them side by’side, we can see advantages’ and disadvantages’in both ideas. For instance, strategic ‘analysis is more'thorough. andévidencé-based “as compated ‘to intuitive thinking!and hence, decisi betredible bechuse of ‘the ‘availability “of proof that ‘will support it. Meanwhile, intuitive ‘thinking ‘takes less time’o’dé' than! Strategi¢ analysis‘and thus, ‘will be Very helfpful in CritiCal sicuations‘whiéréin time'is of the'essence! ThetefOte, it maybe safe to assume that by themselves, they are both licking, However, if put together, the result might just prove to be beneficial in a number of practical fields. In the field of health care, for instance: Numerous researchers, albeit in limited situations, have compared the intuitive judgements of professionals with variety of different types of systems Martin, Kirsty, etal, la judgement, including models and systems Pome on Bayesian theory, StCiee indeate that.by increasing the AMON Sranalytic thought in making decisions, professional adherence to best practic Pid outcomes for patients often improve. (Lamond and Thompson, 2000) designed to. aid policy-capturing Meanwhile,,in the field of criminal intelligence analysis: Rather than approaching a, decision in a purely analytical way (for example, using multi-attribute: utility, analysis), or relying. purely|.on previous, experience, an analyst may, employ: a, combination of the two. For example, the analyst may... rely on past, experience. to. determine, which alternatives are the most feasible for operational personnel to implement, before proceedir with” a- calculative analysis of those Selected altérnatives.9° * From these examples; we can See (that the synergy between strategic-analysis and intuitive thinking can ‘lead ‘ro ‘worthwhile: advantages. This combination of analysis! and intuition is embodied in’ the’ cognitive’continuum theory (cn). b ni ybassenc CCT views, decision making as, an adaptive process, reflective of the degision situation faced. ‘The, theory posits, that decision making can be placed along three continua: task Continuum, cognitive continuum, and surfac These continua expli and intuition at opposing ends. Rather than being a dichotomy, decision making is usually a blend of the two anchors: varying in degrees of rationality and intuitiveness. (Martin etal, 2011) "The Paradox of Intuitive Analysis and the Implications for Professionalism,” The Journal of the Australian Institute of Professional intelligence Officers, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2011, httpsifresearch-repository grffith.edu, aul hhandie/10072/61423 Pe LESSON 6+ Loeal Newoiks 95 =‘The idea of a cognitive implies: that, when & practitioners should attemp' the amount of analytic thoug! ition. decisions, instead of relying 0° intl This shift would match oF j face, ani pear protaionl and at have full insight into the knowledge processes used in reacting decision. ft also would allow current researc’ evidence to be used to improve practice: (Lamond and Thompson, 2000) From this perspective, one can effectively explain how organizing ourselves by establishing, networks and building commiinities, that is, by forming collaborative relationships is beneficial to our collective survival as a species. If we are to apply this to Thomas Hobbes’ notion of social contract, our intuitions would tell us that what every person should do is jn one's power to ensure the protection and longevity of his or her life. This is the right of sarure. The right to take: whatever one- can 0 protect one’s right to life. In the state of wate 2 sate wherein every man is for himself is in competition with other men, life is constantly in danger of invasion beca ach person’ self snot raat ‘incerest, However, by injecti analysis into the state of natute, one ote rl tha his sae of nature design nd to his oF her right to lit Os is detrimental One would thus oniry, You Are No, =— ize.the law of nature, that i eaoibes thatsdne! Should conta BW ig means. chete is,. without. exception, oy” **tve, ensure continuous protection of hi, tt ™ ee, eveivif this ineans thar be srg have to waive his or her individu <= "Oud leads to:the establishment of the soci This wherein one would willingly. surrende, P= her rights to a: powerful’ sovereign, agit others would do the same: This ig 2 "8 & entered by! a\ person with other pence would ensure that the right to liegt right t0 invade and take:from. others ge, sustenance of the self, will not be exerciay offenders bé puriished by the soverign ns Here we can see how the proper between strategic analysis and intuitive thinki leads .to. what. we. know, today as soc; = wherein, individuals subsist, with, one "<3 md laws that protect our rights. to life and. property. as, well as : seomnaree sells Era that ensure Nevertheless, given. these discussions, order to. maximize our leveraging our neneo through strategic analysis and ome thinking, we. should. be able :to apply if beyond the sonfines of our local networks, Thi in een \ctease Cooperative relations between nation We it I fe shall look into this more in the next lessonPTE Ud oes analysis i logical procedural and sytematzed way of looking at parts of the : ae S Pen pete ‘of action for the future. Meanwhile, intuitive thinking isan: seve of truth that is based on familiacity and experience. This may ie te Se Strategic analysis and intuitive thinking comprise opposite ends o i Ps e eae 1ey can be used together to arrive at results which may be advantageous to aa example of these results is the formation of organizations oF networks such as the family, community, and country. These nevworks are ‘characterized by a cooperative relationship wherein the members help each other to ensure mutual survival. LEARNING REINFORCEMENT EXERCISE On 4M illustration board, draw a color-coded map of the networks of power relations (political, economic, cultural, and kinship ties) within your community. Ona piece of bond. paper, examine how this map can be used to introduce creative solutions to a particular problem in your community using strategic analysis and intuitive thinking, Attach the bond paper to the back of your illustration board.