INTRODUCTON:

Human rights belong to every human being and include the right to recognition and equality before the
law, to be protected from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to the protection
of families and children, and to have our privacy respected.

The Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (the Charter) sets out the basic
rights, freedoms and responsibilities of all people in Victoria. The Charter contains 20 rights that reflect
four basic principles of Freedom, Respect, Equality and Dignity.

The Charter aims to improve service delivery and ensure transparent decision making by promoting a
human rights culture across state and local government departments and agencies, and people
delivering services on behalf of government across Victoria.

All Victorian government departments and public authorities must act compatibly with the Charter and
take human rights into account when making decisions and providing advice or services. Government
schools, school councils and Department corporate staff are all public authorities under the Charter.

The Charter of Human Rights Training Module has been designed to assist all Department staff in
understanding their responsibilities and their rights under the Charter. All staff are encouraged to
complete this training module as part of the Department's commitment to the Charter. The link to this
training module is below.

Democracy problems:It is undeniable that not all countries in the world have proper democracy.
Some have a problem that is not quite easy to solve. You will find a country that the government calls a
democratic nation but it has big traces of autocracy.

Such countries have a problem because they do not watch the human rights. Manipulation and stopping
the human rights organizations becomes the biggest challenge. some will even cause harm to their
people and deny them the justice.

Global inequality:
It is not strange or wrong to say that most areas in the world are not balanced. We have the areas that
have a problem with genders. Some have a problem with color complexions like we have heard the black
people being called monkeys.

Specific nationals have also become a threat to other nations and will experience denial of rights once
they go to those countries. Poverty has also stopped many countries from having the institutions that
will manage the watching of the human rights. Even if they are the ones sponsoring the institutions, they
do not get adequate funding for them

Torture of human rights defenders:

Human right defenders have off late undergone a lot of torture. It has happened to specific countries
that have strong believers of injustice. Some influential persons are willing to use money to have the
human rights defenders arrested and tortured so that they end their mission.

Some even get in the hands of those people who violate the rights of other people. The encounters the
human right defenders experience is equal to having their own rights violated. Some even die while
trying to seek justice for other people whose rights have been violated.

Insecurity:
Insecurity is a big hinderance to the execution of the human rights defense. The areas that have the
highest rate of insecurity also experience the extreme issues related to human rights violation. These are
the areas where men undergo torture, women get raped and the children become victims of
psychological torture

It is very challenging to have institutions in areas that have war. Such organizations even if they are
present work under extreme fear. Achieving the mission to protect human rights is almost impossible as
some are not willing to expose their lives to danger.

Weak institutions:
Weak institutions are a big hinderance towards observance of the human rights. Imagine having a weak
justice system and human rights organizations. Cases are presented and then the speed of action is very
low. The cases that need some justice take a very long time to get a solution.

It can be very discouraging to have the institutions that are there physically but with regards to work
they are absent. One thing that will happen is that the organizations themselves will begi to violate the
rights of other people.

It is important to have organizations that will be vibrant and able to address the challenges without fear.
By doing so people will have a reason to promote the observance of the human rights.

QUESTIONNAIRE:

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

CONCLUSION:
We started by asking whether human rights have to be considered only in legal terms and saw that there
are at least three modes of discourse concerning human rights: legal, philosophical and advocacy. All
three overlap, although historically people have risen up against injustices for millennia and made
respect for dignity integral to ethical and religious thinking, whereas the enumeration of codes of
universal human rights has a much shorter history, dating primarily from the 18th century and especially
from the inaugural moment of the UDHR in making human rights an explicit feature of the post World
War II international legal order. We have examined what “universal” means in a world of conflicting
ideologies, religions, beliefs and values and reviewed the content of the normative propositions
accepted as belonging to this category of “universal human rights,” while sounding a cautionary note
about taking their separation into two major categories too literally. Finally, we examined the processes
by which human rights norms are recognized and put into practice and referred to several
challengesfacing the 21st century. In the coming decades, we can expect gaps to be filled in the
institutional machinery of Africa and Asia, and in making ESCR genuinely equal in importance to CPR, as
well as in the clarification of human rights standards in such areas as sexual orientation and advances in
science and technology, while refining the means and methods of human rights promotion and
protection. The essential value of human rights thinking and action, however, is unlikely to change: it has
served and will continue to serve as a gauge of the legitimacy of government, a guide to setting the
priorities for human progress, and a basis for consensus over what values can be shared across diverse
ideologies and cultures.

Recommendations
Some systematic work to implementing human rights by thwe western world are given as follow:

1. Carry out a baseline study giving a broad and accurate picture of the current human rights situation. A
thorough evaluation of existing policies and practices and recognition of problematic areas is key to
effective human rights implementation.

2. Develop national human rights action plans or strategies to address the human rights challenges
identified in the baseline study. Such plans should contain concrete activities and indicate the authorities
responsible for their implementation. The activities should be coupled with time-frames and
benchmarks for follow-up and evaluation. International reporting obligations should be integrated into
the process.

3. Involve all stakeholders during the entire process, including NHRIs, civil society and representatives
from disadvantaged groups of people. Such an inclusive and participatory approach will contribute to the
legitimacy of the plan, create shared ownership and make implementation effective. All communication
with NHRIs and civil society representatives must be conducted with full respect for their integrity and
independence.

4. Review the implementation of action plans in a regular way and carry out an independent evaluation
upon their completion. It is equally important to assess the process, in terms of participation,
inclusiveness and transparency, as it is to evaluate the end result.

5. Ensure high-level and long-term support for the action plan by the active involvement of politicians
and the leadership of the authorities and agencies responsible for the plan’s implementation. Action
plans stretching over national and local elections should be discussed and/or adopted by the parliament
to ensure continuity.

6. Coordinate human rights planning with the budgetary process to secure proper funding for human
rights work. Review budget proposals from a human rights perspective to inform politicians of the
consequences of their decisions and to hold them accountable.

7. Integrate human rights into the ordinary work of the public administration and ensure effective
coordination and cooperation between the authorities at all levels by setting up networks or other fora
for the exchange of experiences and information, discussions and planning.

8. Foster a human rights culture through the full integration of human rights in education andtraining as
well as through awareness-raising using concrete and accessible language. Review curricula and teaching
materials and apply participatory learning methods to this effect. Assess and address the needs of public
officials and other professionals who deal with the human rights of others to ensure that they have a
thorough and up-to-date knowledge of the international standards relevant to their field of competence.

9. Set up adequate systems for data collection and analysis, including data on disadvantagedgroups of
people. Collection of sensitive data should be voluntary and coupled with propersafeguards to prevent
the identification of individuals belonging to a particular group.Complement official data with relevant
information from NHRIs and NGOs.

10. Encourage local authorities to develop comprehensive local baseline studies, action plansor similar
documents ensuring regular review of the local situation and coordinated effortsto address human rights
challenges. Adequate systems should be established formonitoring the provision of health care,
education or social services, whether provided byprivate or public actors, using the rights-based
approach.

11. Take concrete action towards creating an enabling environment for civil society, includinghuman
rights defenders, and make consultation with civil society a common practice whendrafting policies and
action plans at the national, regional and local level.

REFERENCRES:
https://www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/challenges-of-human-rights-organization/

https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/134/2016/07/Human-Rights-A-brief-
intro-2016.pdf

https://www.education.vic.gov.au/hrweb/workm/Pages/Human_Rights.aspx

http://www.business-humanrights.org/
http://www.pdhre.org

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/human-rights-based-approach

http://www.upr-info.org/en

http://www.derechos.org

https://www.upr-info.org/en

https://www.ohchr.org/english/

https://www.newtactics.org/

https://www.fidh.org/

http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/

http://worldbank.org/

https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/