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Colonialisminsea 120510073606 Phpapp01
Colonialisminsea 120510073606 Phpapp01
Flandez
M. History - 1
CONTENTS
Portuguese colonization
reached Southeast Asia
particularly in some parts of
Indonesia, Malacca, Timor, and
Moluccas.
PORTUGUESE MALACCA
The Dutch with their local allies assaulted and finally wrested Malacca
from the Portuguese in January 1641.
PORTUGUESE TIMOR
PORTUGUESE TIMOR
The Portuguese first settled on Timor in 1520, and the Spanish
arrived in 1522. The Dutch took possession of the western portion
of the island in 1613. The British governed the island in 1812–15.
The Dutch and the Portuguese fought for supremacy over Timor;
Portuguese sovereignty over the island's eastern half was settled by
treaties in 1860 and 1893, although the latter became effective only in
1914.
PORTUGUESE TIMOR
Japanese forces occupied Timor during World War II. East Timor
province, including the Ambeno enclave, thereafter remained in
Portuguese possession until 1975, when one of the major political
parties there, FRETILIN (Frente Revolucionária de Timor Leste
Independente [Revolutionary Front of Independent East
Timor]), gained control of much of the territory and declared its
independence (November) as the Democratic Republic of East
Timor.
PORTUGUESE MOLUCCAS
The Dutch and British soon joined in the conflicts to try to gain a
monopoly over the trade and expel Portugal. The fighting for control over
these small islands became very intense in the 17th and 18th centuries
with the Dutch even giving the island of Manhattan to the British in
exchange for, among other things, the tiny island of Run which gave the
Dutch full control over the Banda archipelago's nutmeg production.
SPANISH
SPANISH
The Spanish city of Manila was founded in 1571, and by the end
of the 16th century most of the coastal and lowland areas from
Luzon to northern Mindanao were under Spanish control. Friars
marched with soldiers and soon accomplished the nominal conversion
to Roman Catholicism of all the local people under Spanish
administration. But the Muslims of Mindanao and Sulu, whom the
Spanish called Moros, were never completely subdued by Spain.
SPANISH PHILIPPINES
Spanish rule for the first 100 years was exercised in most areas
through a type of tax farming imported from the Americas and
known as the encomienda. But abusive treatment of the local tribute
payers and neglect of religious instruction by encomenderos
(collectors of the tribute), as well as frequent withholding of revenues
from the crown, caused the Spanish to abandon the system by the end
of the 17th century.
SPANISH PHILIPPINES
Manila dominated the islands not only as the political capital. The
galleon trade with Acapulco, Mex., assured Manila's commercial
primacy as well. The exchange of Chinese silks for Mexican silver not
only kept in Manila those Spanish who were seeking quick profit, but
it also attracted a large Chinese community.
SPANISH PHILIPPINES
Not until 1863 was there public education in the Philippines, and
even then the church controlled the curriculum. Less than one-fifth
of those who went to school could read and write Spanish, and far
fewer could speak it properly. The limited higher education in the
colony was entirely under clerical direction, but by the 1880s many
sons of the wealthy were sent to Europe to study.
SPANISH PHILIPPINES
Meanwhile, war had broken out between Spain and the United
States (the Spanish-American War). After the U.S. naval victory in the
Battle of Manila Bay in May 1898, Aguinaldo and his entourage
returned to the Philippines with the help of Adm. George Dewey.
Confident of U.S. support, Aguinaldo reorganized his forces and soon
liberated several towns south of Manila.
SPANISH PHILIPPINES
From the arrival of the first Dutch ships in the late sixteenth
century, to the declaration of independence in 1945, Dutch control
over the Indonesian archipelago was always tenuous. Although Java
was dominated by the Dutch, many areas remained independent
throughout much of this time including Aceh, Bali, Lombok and
Borneo.
DUTCH EAST INDIES
DUTCH EAST INDIES
In 1806, with the Netherlands
under French
domination, Napoleon appointed
his brother Louis Bonaparte to the
Dutch throne which led to the 1808
appointment of Marshall Herman
Willem Daendels to Governor
General of the Dutch East Indies.
DUTCH EAST INDIES
Kingdom by
kingdom, the Dutch
slowly conquered the
whole range that would
form the territory of the
Republic of Indonesia.
DUTCH EAST INDIES
During World War II the entire Dutch
East Indies, excepting a part of southern
Netherlands New Guinea, was occupied by
Japan. The years 1945–49 formed a transition
period in which The Netherlands
unsuccessfully tried to regain control of the
islands; the islands achieved independence as
the new nation of Indonesia in 1949.
DUTCH EAST INDIES