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Exogenous and Endogenous Variables
Exogenous and Endogenous Variables
In an economic model, an exogenous variable is one whose measure is determined outside the model and
is imposed on the model, and an exogenous change is a change in an exogenous
variable.[1]: p . 8 [2]: p . 202 [3]: p . 8
The term endogeneity in econometrics has a related but distinct meaning. An endogenous random variable
is correlated with the error term in the econometric model, while an exogenous variable is not.[4]
Examples
In the LM model of interest rate determination,[1]: p p. 261–7 the supply of and demand for money determine
the interest rate contingent on the level of the money supply, so the money supply is an exogenous variable
and the interest rate is an endogenous variable.
See also
Cambridge capital controversy
References
1. Mankiw, N. Gregory. Macroeconomics, third edition, 1997.
2. Varian, Hal R., Microeconomic Analysis, third edition, 1992.
3. Chiang, Alpha C. Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, third edition, 1984.
4. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. (2009). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (https://books.
google.com/books?id=64vt5TDBNLwC&pg=PA88) (Fourth ed.). Mason: South-Western.
p. 88. ISBN 978-0-324-66054-8.