By Group 1:

Asicam Gamolo
Submitted To: Bagaforo Ampong
Mark Lingel Alapan Dagacay Camoro
Avenido Calica
Hervilla
Steps in Preparation in Biological Specimen

7 STEPS
00 Sample Collection

01 Killing and Fixation

02 Dehydration

03 Clearing

04 Paraffin and Embedding

05 Microtomy

06 Staining

07 Observation
STEPS:
Sample Collection

Killing and Fixation

Dehydration

Clearing

Paraffin Embedding

Microtomy

Staining

Observation Steps
1ST STEP:
Killing and Fixation
Fixation consists of two steps:
1. Cessation of normal life functions in the
tissue (killing)
2. Stabilization of the structure of the
tissue (preservation).
The goal of fixation is to preserve structure as
faithfully as possible compared to the living state.

2ND STEP:
Dehydration
This process is commonly carried out by immersing
specimens in a series of ethanol (alcohol) solutions of
increasing concentration until pure, water-free
alcohol is reached.
3RD STEP:
Clearing
In which an organic solvent such as xylene is used
to remove the alcohol and allow infiltration with
paraffin wax.

4TH STEP:
Paraffin and Embedding
A standard technique used in clinical and research
laboratories to create a formalin-fixed, paraffin-
embedded (FFPE) block of tissue. Formalin-fixed tissue
undergoes tissue processing and then is embedded in
paraffin (wax) to create a FFPE block or paraffin block.
5TH STEP:
Microtomy
The technique of cutting tissues in very small
sections. This technique is used for histological and
pathological studies. A tissue (or small part of it) is
embedded in paraffin wax and then cut using a
microtome (a machine) to get thin sections.

6TH STEP:
Staining
Application of stain to a sample to color cells,
tissues, components, or metabolic processes. This
process may involve immersing the sample (before or
after fixation or mounting) in a dye solution and then
rinsing and observing the sample under a microscope.

7TH STEP:
Observation
Stage is where the specimen to be viewed is placed. A
mechanical stage is used when working at higher
magnifications where delicate movements of the
specimen slide are required. Stage Clips are used when
there is no mechanical stage.
Specimen was immersed
in Ethyl Alcohol for
15 minutes
Specimen was immersed
in Formalin for 10
minutes
The third thing we did was immersing
the specimen in ethanol for 10 minutes.
The fourth thing we did was
immersing the specimen in
xylene for 10 minutes.
Specimen was then stained using
Methylene Blue
Specimen placed on the slides were
preserved usinf colorless nail polish.
Group 1 during the activity.
 Araneae (Spider) Culicidae (Mosquito)

Myrmeleontidae
(Antlion)
Anoplolepis gracilipes
(Citronella Ants )

Lasius niger Phthiraptera (Nits)

(Black Ant)

Phereoeca uterella
(Household Casebearer)

Insecta

Anthophila (Mosquito)